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Biomedical subjects

S J Gaskill

Publications and source records attributed to S J Gaskill.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Diastematomyelia associated with ectopic renal tissue.

A case of diastematomyelia associated with ectopic renal tissue is presented. While findings of ectopic renal tissue and Wilms tumor in dysraphic conditions have been reported in the literature, there has been no incorporation of these findings into the theories of the development of neural tube defects. This case supports the hypothesis of neural tube defects secondary to rupture of a previously intact neural tube (secondary neural tube defect). A discussion and review of the literature regarding the hypotheses of primary and secondary neural tube defects is included.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1982

Dividing attention within and between hemispheres: testing a multiple resources approach to limited-capacity information processing.

Two experiments tested the limiting case of a multiple resources approach to resource allocation in information processing. In this framework, the left and right hemispheres are assumed to have separate, limited-capacity pools of undifferentiated resources that are not mutually accessible, so that tasks can overlap in their demand for these resources either completely, partially, or not at all. We tested all three degrees of overlap in demand for left hemisphere supplies, using dual-task methodology in which subjects were induced to pay different amounts of attention to each task. Experiment 1 compared complete and partial overlap by combining a verbal memory load with a task in which subjects named nonsense syllables briefly presented to either the left or right visual field (LVF and RVF, respectively). Experiment 2 compared complete versus no overlap by using the same verbal memory load combined with a laterally presented same-different judgment task that did not require a spoken response. Decrements from single-task performance were always more severe when the visual field task stimulus was presented to the RVF. Further, subjects in Experiment 1 were able to trade performance between tasks on both LVF and RVF trials because there was always at least some overlap in left hemisphere demand. In Experiment 2, performance trade-offs were observed on RVF (complete overlap) trials, but not on LVF trials, where no overlap in demand existed. These results contradict a single-capacity model, but they support the idea that the hemispheres' resource supplies are independent and have implications for both cerebral specialization and divided attention issues.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Custom fitted thermoplastic Minerva jackets in the treatment of cervical spine instability in preschool age children.

The options for cervical spine stabilization have traditionally been the Minerva jacket (MJ) or the halo brace. In the preschool age child both of these devices have significant drawbacks; the halo brace because of its erosion and difficulty providing adequate fixation due to the thin calvarium of the young child and the MJ because of its bulk and weight. With the advent of polyethylene plastics, MJs are a more viable option without the disadvantages noted above. Six cases of cervical spine instability in preschool age children treated with a custom-molded MJ are presented. All patients achieved cervical spine stability with minimal morbidity. This technique is recommended as an alternative to the halo brace, as it provides reliable and satisfactory treatment of these difficult problems in preschool children.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of carcinoma in the aging myelodysplastic population.

Presented here are 2 cases of carcinoma in young myelodysplastic patients. Even with current techniques of bowel and bladder management myelodysplastics remain at increased risk to develop carcinoma. Preventive measures must be introduced into this population. Counselling and yearly examinations to include visual inspection, cytological urinalyses and stool guaiacs should be performed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous external drainage in the treatment of subdural hematomas of infancy.

A series of 16 patients with chronic or subacute subdural hematomas treated with continuous external drainage of the subdural space is reviewed. Of these only 44% went on to require subdural-peritoneal shunt placement. There were no complications in treatment and no clinical or laboratory evidence of infection in any case. The outcome, measured by neurological examination, was not different between the shunted and nonshunted groups. In conclusion, continuous external drainage of the subdural space in chronic and subacute hematomas of infancy frequently is an effective, definitive treatment. This approach should be considered as the initial procedure prior to subdural-peritoneal shunting.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transient eye closure after posterior fossa tumor surgery in children.

Transient cerebellar eye closure following posterior fossa tumor surgery in children has recently been observed. This phenomenon is characterized by a transient inability to open the eyes postoperatively with complete resolution within 4-6 days. Presented are four cases of transient cerebellar eye closure after posterior fossa tumor surgery in children. Possible mechanisms are reviewed with regard to historical works of cerebellar stimulation in man, and anatomical structures and pathways which might be involved.

Adolescent↗