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Biomedical subjects

S J Dollinger

Publications and source records attributed to S J Dollinger.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

On penetrating the "mask": the role of sagacity and acumen in a word-association/clinical-judgment task.

The present study addressed aspects of Scheibe's (1979) description of the psychologist's modes of knowing another, specifically sagacity and acumen, as they applied to a videotaped clinical judgment task. The judgment task was patterned after classic research on the word-association lie-detection paradigm. Measures of empathy, understanding of defense mechanisms, and game strategy served as marker variables for the construct of acumen, whereas a task requiring alertness and attention served this purpose for the construct of sagacity. Sagacity also was inferred from correlations between performance on the judgment task and self-rated use of the most critical cue provided in the task. The judgment task was administered following an induction to create an empathic or a detached set. Success at the task correlated significantly in a positive direction with the measure of attention and with subjects' ratings of their use of word associations (but not other clues). Empathy and game strategy tended to relate inversely or nonsignificantly with the judgment task, and the two inductions produced virtually identical levels of performance on the task. The results are taken as evidence that the judgment task involves the mode of sagacity but not that of acumen.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

PIC profiles for learning-disabled and behavior-disordered children.

Compared the performance of learning-disabled and behavior-disordered children (N = 60) on the recently published Personality Inventory of Children (PIC) to investigate the discriminant validity of the instrument. The data were analyzed by profile analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis. Results showed that learning-disabled and behavior-disordered children could be differentiated clearly on subtests that comprise the Cognitive Development and Conduct Disorder factors. However, less differentiation was found on the Internalization factor. Further examination indicated a possible diagnosis X scale "interaction" within the Internalization factor. Those learning-disabled children who also experienced "internal" difficulties tended to score high on the Somatic Concern Scale, while behavior-disordered children typically scored high on the other Internalization scales (i.e., Anxiety, Withdrawal, etc.). A total of seven of the PIC clinical and validity scales were selected in the discriminant function that separated the two groups.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Validity of the Missouri Children's Picture Series as a predictor of childhood sleep disturbances.

In view of recent findings in a retrospective study by two of the authors, the present research was designed to systematically assess the validity of the Missouri Children's Picture Series sleep disturbances scale. Study I compared groups of restless sleepers and nocturnal enuretics with matched cohorts attending a summer residential program for children with communication-related disorders. Study II examined the relation of two MCPS scales to parent reports of corresponding problems, using a multitrait-multimethod matrix, individual correlations, and cluster analysis. Neither study provided convincing evidence for the validity of the sleep disturbance scale.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Reward and purpose as incentives for children differing in locus of control expectancies.

The Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire was used to classify 248 fourth- and fifth-graders as internals, mediums, and externals on the internal-external locus of control personality dimension. Subjects were assigned to four treatment groups resulting from the manipulation of intrinsic (purpose vs. non purpose) and extrinsic (reward vs. no reward) motivational conditions and administered a coding task with number of figures coded as the dependent variable. An analysis of variance with IE, reward, purpose, sex, and grade as factors yielded significant purpose, sex, grade, and IE X Reward X Purpose effects. The performance of internals was found to be unaffected by motivational manipulations; purpose together with reward improved the performance of mediums: reward and purpose (individually and together) improved the performance of externals. Implications for future investigation of the IE construct and the social psychology of psychological research were discussed.

Achievement↗