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Biomedical subjects

S J Davies

Publications and source records attributed to S J Davies.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

A suspected case of tuberculosis of the temporomandibular joint.

Primary tuberculosis is symptomless in the great majority of individuals. The clinical appearance of tuberculosis (TB) of the temporomandibular joint is similar to that of ordinary arthritis of this joint and so, is unlikely to be diagnosed early in non-destructive disease, especially when there are no symptoms and signs of TB elsewhere in the body. The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other opportunistic organisms should not be overlooked in complicated head and neck infections as this is an ever increasing problem today, especially due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis in some urban areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Hypoparathyroidism and 22q11 deletion syndrome.

AIMS: To investigate a population of individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome for hypocalcaemia. METHODS: A detailed clinical history enquiring into symptoms of hypocalcaemia and blood sampling to assess for hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism, of patients outside the neonatal period known to have the 22q11 microdeletion from fluorescent in situ hybridisation studies was taken. RESULTS: Sixty one individuals were identified, of whom 23 were untraceable and one was unable to give informed consent. Biochemical investigations were performed on 27 subjects. Ten subjects had review of notes only. Four subjects had previously identified hypoparathyroidism. A new case of hypoparathyroidism was identified. Three subjects had borderline hypocalcaemia. DISCUSSION: In this population of patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome, 13% of the total or 30% of those biochemically assessed had evidence of reduced serum calcium concentrations. It is likely that 13-30% of patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome have possible hypoparathyroidism outside the neonatal period. Reported symptoms of hypocalcaemia did not correlate with biochemical evidence of persisting hypocalcaemia. We have shown that previously undiagnosed asymptomatic hypoparathyroidism occurs in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome and conclude that screening of this population should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A study of the relationship between lateral guidance and temporomandibular joint internal derangement.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between lateral retrusive and lateral protrusive tooth guidance and temporomandibular joint disc displacement. The control group comprised 55 symptomless students and dental nurses. The patient group consisted of 117 patients (90 women and 27 men). Fifty-four patients had temporomandibular joint clicking on the right side and 63 patients had clicking on the left side. The incidence of ipsilateral lateral retrusive tooth guidance was significantly higher in the patient group (87%) than in the control group (18.5%).

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2002

Inter- and intra-operator reliability of the recording of occlusal contacts using 'occlusal sketch' acetate technique.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a simple way of recording occlusal contacts with proven inter- and intra-operator reliability. SETTING: Clinical skills laboratory in the University Dental Hospital of Manchester. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The marked static occlusal contacts of 20 sets of models were recorded in a pseudo-clinical situation, by three dentists and in addition by one dentist on two occasions using a schematic representation of the dental arch - the 'occlusal sketch'. RESULTS: The median of Kappa agreement for inter- and intra-operator reliability was almost perfect. CONCLUSIONS: The occlusal sketch is a simple, inexpensive and easy way of recording the results of an occlusal examination using marking papers.

Acetates↗
PubMed2002

Good occlusal practice in the provision of implant borne prostheses.

The increased use of endosseous dental implants means that many dentists will encounter patients with dental implants in their everyday practice. Dental practitioners might be actively involved in the provision of implant borne prostheses at both the surgical and restorative phases, or only at the restorative stage. This section is written for all dentists and aims to examine the subject of occlusion within implantology. It aims to provide guidelines of good occlusal practice to be used in the design of the prosthesis that is supported or retained by one or more implants. As implantology is a 'new' discipline of dentistry, there are fewer standard texts and this section, therefore, is much more extensively referenced than the subjects that have been considered to date.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed2002

Management of tooth surface loss.

This part of the series is devoted to tooth surface loss (TSL) not caused by caries or trauma. The management of this form of generalised TSL is included in this series because knowledge of occlusion is needed for both the diagnosis and, when indicated, treatment. There are, however, many other factors involved in the management of generalised TSL other than those associated with 'occlusion'. These will also be discussed.

Bruxism↗
PubMed2002

Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin do not induce liver or kidney xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum).

This study was designed to assess the effects of dietary carotenoid supplementation on liver and kidney xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the rainbow trout. Twelve rainbow trout (mean weight 266+/-10 g) were assigned to each of three replicate tanks for each of four dietary treatments; astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, negative control and positive control using beta-naphthoflavone, at a target dietary inclusion of 100 mg kg(-1) for each additive. Fish were fed for 3 weeks at a level of 1.2% body wt. day(-1). Serum carotenoid levels were used as indicators of exposure and were not significantly different (P>0.05) between carotenoid-fed trout. Livers and kidney were frozen separately in liquid N(2) by immersion and microsomal fractions from pooled samples (n=3) assayed for xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme (cytochrome P450 monoxygenase) activities including ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase; methoxyresorufin O-demethylase; pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase; benzoxyresorufin O-dearylase; and the conjugating enzymes glucuronosyl transferase; and glutathione-s-transferase. Results revealed that carotenoid treatment did not significantly (P>0.05) induce any enzyme system examined. Results are discussed in the context of metabolism of absorbed carotenoids.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2001

Good occlusal practice in children's dentistry.

The difference between paediatric dentistry and most other branches of dentistry is that in the child the occlusion is changing. Consequently 'Good Occlusal Practice' in children is a matter of making the right clinical decisions for the future occlusion. The clinician needs to be able to predict the influence that different treatment options will have on the occlusion when the child's development is complete.

Anodontia↗
PubMed2001

Occlusal considerations in periodontics.

Periodontal disease does not directly affect the occluding surfaces of teeth, consequently some may find a section on periodontics a surprising inclusion. Trauma from the occlusion, however, has been linked with periodontal disease for many years. Karolyi published his pioneering paper, in 1901 'Beobachtungen uber Pyorrhoea alveolaris' (occlusal stress and 'alveolar pyorrhoea'). (1) However, despite extensive research over many decades, the role of occlusion in the aetiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontitis is still not completely understood.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Orthodontics and occlusion.

The discipline of orthodontics is directed towards alteration of the occlusion of the teeth and the relationships of the jaws. It is therefore somewhat surprising to find that there is little scientific evidence to support any of the concepts that suggest occlusal goals for orthodontic treatment. Most of the current concepts of orthodontic treatment are based upon personal opinion and retrospective studies. Nevertheless, an attempt is made here to provide a guide to the relationship of orthodontics and the occlusion that is evidence based. Where the evidence is weak, these areas have been highlighted.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed2001

Good occlusal practice in removable prosthodontics.

The loss of teeth may result in patients experiencing problems of a functional, aesthetic and psychological nature. This section addresses the very important subject of occlusal considerations for partial and complete dentures. The occlusion is particularly important given the bearing that occlusal factors have, especially on edentulous patients.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

Modulation of blood fluke development in the liver by hepatic CD4+ lymphocytes.

We have identified an alternate developmental pathway in the life cycle of the trematode pathogen Schistosoma mansoni. This pathway is used in immunodeficient hosts in which the parasite fails to receive appropriate signals from the host immune system. Helminth development is altered at an early stage during infection, resulting in the appearance of attenuated forms that prolong survival of host and parasite. Hepatic CD4+ T lymphocyte populations are an integral component of the immune signal recognized by the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Good occlusal practice in advanced restorative dentistry.

In most patients the existing occlusal scheme will be functional, comfortable and cosmetic; and so if a tooth or teeth need to be restored, the most appropriate way to provide the restoration(s) would be to adopt a 'conformative' approach: that is to provide treatment within the existing envelope of static and dynamic occlusal relationships. There will, however, be situations where the conformative approach cannot be adopted, and this section aims to describe what is 'Good Occlusal Practice' in these circumstances.

Centric Relation↗
PubMed2001

Good occlusal practice in simple restorative dentistry.

Many theories and philosophies of occlusion have been developed. 1-12 The difficulty in scientifically validating the various approaches to providing an occlusion is that an 'occlusion' can only be judged against the reaction it may or may not produce in a tissue system (eg dental, alveolar, periodontal or articulatory). Because of this, the various theories and philosophies are essentially untested and so lack the scientific validity necessary to make them 'rules'. Often authors will present their own firmly held opinions as 'rules'. This does not mean that these approaches are to be ignored; they are, after all, the distillation of the clinical experience of many different operators over many years. But they are empirical. In developing these guidelines the authors have unashamedly drawn on this body of perceived wisdom, but we would also like to involve and challenge the reader by asking basic questions, and by applying a common sense approach to a subject that can be submerged under a sea of dictate and dogma.

Dental Occlusion↗
PubMed2001

Asymmetric synthesis of BB-3497--a potent peptide deformylase inhibitor.

By screening a library of metalloenzyme inhibitors, the N-formyl-hydroxylamine derivative BB-3497 was identified as a potent inhibitor of Escherichia coli peptide deformylase with antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. The homochiral synthesis of BB-3497, involving a novel asymmetric Michael addition reaction is described.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed2001

The examination and recording of the occlusion: why and how.

Before presenting 'how' the examination and recording of the occlusion may be achieved, some attempt should be made to justify 'why' it is necessary. It may appear to be a strange way of justifying the need to examine the patient's occlusion, but this will initially involve a study of the influences of mandibular movements.

Centric Relation↗