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Biomedical subjects

S Iwata

Publications and source records attributed to S Iwata.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Survey of MRSA infection in Ibaraki-ken--Ibaraki Association for infectious diseases].

This study which was undertaken at several major hospitals in Ibaraki-ken revealed that, 1) the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in all the isolates ranged from 5% to 17% and the prevalence of MRSA in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus varied from 51% to 82% depending upon each individual hospital. 2) the clinical response to FOM and CMZ combination therapy was 88.9% and, to FOM and CZON was 57.1% showing no statistical differences between the two regimens. 3) in vitro analyses assessed by the FIC index of 251 isolates revealed that FOM had an additive or synergistic effect with CMZ in 53.8%, with CZON in 66.9%, with minocycline (MINO) in 43.8%, with cefamandole (CMD) in 61.8%, with cefazolin (CEZ) in 62.9% and with imipenem/cliastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in 68.9% at all isolates. 4) the cumulative curve of susceptibility to single CMZ and the combination of CMZ and FOM revealed that the blood levels of CMZ at 3 hours after intravenous administration covered 57% of isolates when used alone and 82% of isolates when in combination with FOM. The blood levels of CZON at 3 hours covered 5% of isolates when used alone and 41% when in combination with FOM. The extent of the therapeutic effect increased from 6% to 42% by CMD, from 12% to 54% by CEZ, from 20% to 58% by IPM/CS and from 78% to 84% by MINO. The combination of CMZ and FOM was found to be the most effective for enhanced effects on MRSA in vitro.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Bacteriological and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics].

We carried out bacteriological and clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a newly-developed carbapenem antibiotic, in pediatrics, and the following results were obtained: 1. When antibacterial activities of panipenem (PAPM) were determined, it was found that MICs against such Gram-positive cocci as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and against such Gram-negative rods as Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Branhamella catarrhalis were all sufficiently low. 2. PAPM showed better MIC-correlated antibacterial activities against 215 subcultured strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) than imipenem. 3. Clinical efficacies were evaluated to be excellent in 23 of 34 patients treated with PAPM/BP, excluding 3 patients from the efficacy evaluation. In addition, good responses were obtained in 10 patients but poor response in one, showing the overall efficacy rate of 97.1%. As for bacteriological efficacies, the eradication rate was also determined to be high, 92.6%. 4. As for side effects, rash appeared in 2 patients, and soft stool and diarrhea occurred in one each. The overall incidence of side effects was calculated to be 10.8%. As for abnormal laboratory findings, increases of eosinophiles in 4 patients, thrombocytes in 2, total bilirubin in 1, and GOT in 1 were observed. From these results, PAPM/BP was thought to be a highly useful drug in pediatrics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Importance of sperm morphology assessment in human in vitro fertilization].

Two hundred eighteen IVF cycles were analyzed in order to clarify the influence of the strictly normal morphology (SNM) of sperm on IVF outcome. SNM was defined according to Kruger et al.'s strict criteria (1988) with our modifications. IVF cycles were divided into 3 groups: %SNM greater than or equal to 40% (69 cycles), 40% less than %SNM greater than or equal to 12% (123 cycles) and %SNM less than 12% (26 cycles). The rates of embryo transfer and pregnancy per cycle and the rate of abortion per pregnancy in the three groups were as follows: 81%, 39%, 19% in %SNM greater than or equal to 40%; 71%, 24%, 30% in 40% greater than %SNM greater than or equal to 12%; and 58%, 7.7%, 50% in %SNM less than 12%. The pregnancy rate per cycle significantly decreased as the %SNM decreased (p less than 0.01), and there was a tendency toward an increase in the abortion rate per pregnancy as the %SNM decreased. The results suggest that %SNM is a useful parameter to use in predicting the IVF outcome.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

Differential transnasal pressure in anterior and posterior rhinomanometry.

Transnasal differential pressures during spontaneous breathing through an artificial nasal model were measured using anterior and posterior types of rhinomanometry by Rhinorheograph MPR-1100 manufactured by Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd. for comparing postnasal pressures at the nasopharynx with those at the nostril. No significant differences between postnasal pressures at the nasopharynx and at the nostril were found at 0.25, 0.5 liter/s, or the peak flow point on the pressure/flow relation curve. Application of the Ohm's Law equation for parallel resistors to nasal airflow resistance seems to be a more important problem than the differences resulting from the postnasal pressure sampling procedures in the anterior and posterior methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of L-menthol stimulation of the major palatine nerve on nasal patency.

Objective and subjective measurements of nasal patency were made before and after L-menthol stimulation of the palatal mucosa (supplied with the trigeminal nerve) in 15 normal adult subjects. The stimulation exerted indirect effect on the nasal cavity in that all subjects mentioned a cold sensation in their nose and a sensation of increased nasal patency, but no influence on nasal resistance to airflow was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effects of licochalcone A isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata root on inflammatory ear edema and tumour promotion in mice.

Licochalcone A, 3-a,a-dimethylallyl-4,4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxychalcone, from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata Beta (Leguminosae) (Xin-jiang liquorice) showed anti-inflammatory action towards mouse ear edema induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) by topical application. Anti-tumour promoting action of licochalcone A was also observed in vivo for mouse skin papilloma initiated by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by TPA. It inhibited in vitro 32Pi-incorporation to phospholipids in HeLa cells promoted by TPA. A competitive interaction of licochalcone A with the TPA-receptors in the cell membrane has been suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vascular responsiveness to various vasoactive substances after exchange transfusion with pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP) solution in anesthetized rats.

Vascular responsiveness to various vasoactive substances after exchange transfusion with a modified hemoglobin (pyridoxalated hemoglobin polyxyethylene conjugate; PHP) was examined in anesthetized rats. The hindlimb region of the rat was perfused through the abdominal aorta with autologous blood at a constant flow rate, using a perfusion pump. Perfusion pressure (PP), systemic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate were measured. Exchange transfusion with a 6% PHP solution (20 ml/kg) was performed and effects of intra-arterial injections of norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin-II (A-II), serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), and nitroglycerin (NG) on PP and SBP were examined. The NE and A-II induced a dose-dependent increase in PP, while ACh and NG induced a decrease in PP. There was no difference in vascular responsiveness to ACh, NG, A-II, and 5-HT before and after exchange transfusion with PHP solution, but NE-induced responses were augmented after exchange transfusion with PHP. Results suggest that the presence of PHP moiety in circulation would not alter vascular responsiveness to ACh, NG, A-II, and 5-HT in a significant manner.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical localization of spleen-type prostaglandin D synthetase in rat nasal mucosa.

Using the specific antibody of spleen-type prostaglandin D synthetase, we investigated the immunohistochemical localization of this enzyme in rat nasal mucosa. The excised tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and immunohistochemically stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Formalin-resistant connective tissue mast cells were positive for spleen-type prostaglandin D synthetase.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antiviral activities of glycyrrhizin and its modified compounds against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro.

Chemically modified compounds of glycyrrhizin have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Among them, the 11-deoxo compound having a heteroannular diene structure at the C and D rings proved as active against HIV-1 as glycyrrhizin in MT-4 and MOLT-4 cells. It completely inhibited HIV-1-induced cytopathogenicity in both cell lines at a concentration of 0.16 mM. The compound was also effective against HSV-1 with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.5 mM [corrected].

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1991

Mechanisms of veratramine-induced 5-HT syndrome in mice.

Regional monoamine assays revealed that during veratramine-induced myoclonic movements, the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebral cortex were reduced with a slight increase in dopamine metabolites in the midbrain and brainstem. A similar tendency to decrease 5-HT and 5-HIAA contents was observed in the hypothalamus and hippocampus without increase in the contents of dopamine and its metabolites. Norepinephrine levels were not modified in any brain region at any time after the administration of the veratrum alkaloid. It was found that the veratramine evoked 3H-5-HT release from the frontal cortical slices was Ca+(+)-independent and persistent, and it continued approximately 20 min after the 2-min exposure to veratramine. The uptake of 3H-5-HT into the frontal cortical slices was inhibited competitively by veratramine. These results suggest that veratramine is both a releaser and uptake inhibitor of 5-HT and that the veratramine-induced involuntary movements may be mediated by serotonergic hyperfunction.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1991

[Active posterior rhinomanometry by means of a fine nasal catheter for obtaining postnasal pressure].

Recent years, active anterior rhinomanometry using a anesthetic face mask is probably more commonly employed than active posterior rhinomanometry because of occasional failure in obtaining the oropharyngeal pressure in the latter method. Thus, in attempt to overcome the disadvantage in active posterior rhinomanometry, we employed a fine nasal catheter (# 8F infant feeding nasal catheter) through the nasal cavity instead of a peroral mouth piece. Nasal resistances in a normal adult were measured by mask active posterior rhinomanometry with a mouth piece or a nasal catheter for obtaining postnasal pressure using Rhinorheograph MPR -2100 (manufactured by Nihon-Kohden Co., Ltd.). In adult, no significant differences of unilateral and bilateral nasal resistances between with the mouth piece and with the nasal catheter were found either on inspiration or expiration. It could be concluded in this fundamental study that active posterior rhinomanometry with the fine nasal catheter is useful and has no procedure problems.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical study on cefdinir 10% granule in pediatrics].

Clinical evaluations of cefdinir (CFDN) 10% granule were carried out. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical responses to CFDN of 23 patients with pediatric infections were excellent in 11 and good in 8. The overall efficacy rate was 82.6%. 2. Bacteriologically, the eradication rate for 23 strains of bacteria identified to be pathogens was evaluated and was 82.6%. 3. Side effects observed were diarrhea in 2 of 25 patients. The incidence was 8.0%. Abnormal laboratory test results observed included 2 cases with elevation of GOT and 1 case with elevation of GPT. These results suggest that CFDN 10% granule, as well as 5% granule, may be a very useful and safe drug for the treatment of pediatric infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Mixed outbreak of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis in an apartment house.

From September through November of 1985, a mixed outbreak of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis occurred in an apartment house in Ashikaga City, Japan. Bacteriological and serological investigations were conducted on seven families, comprising 13 adults and 19 children, living in the same apartment house and having social contacts. For all the subjects, cultivation of nasopharyngeal mucus and measurement of pertussis agglutinin antibody, anti-PT antibody, and anti-F-HA antibody were performed. On the basis of the clinical, bacteriological or serological findings, seven children of three families (families A, B and C), including the first child patient (index case) of family A, were diagnosed as having infections caused by B. pertussis, or B. parapertussis or both. B. pertussis and/or B. parapertussis were isolated from six of the seven child patients. B. pertussis alone was isolated from three children (one in each family), and two of them had not been vaccinated. B. parapertussis alone was isolated from two children, while both bacteria were isolated from one child. Those three children from whom B. parapertussis was isolated were in family C, which was the last of the three families to develop symptoms of infection. Josamycin had been administered to two of the three children from whom B. parapertussis was isolated before the nasopharyngeal mucus specimen was collected. In one of the two children from whom only B. parapertussis was isolated, the significant elevation of anti-PT antibody titer was observed, which was indicative of a mixed infection with B. pertussis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An international comparison of rhinomanometry between Canada and Japan.

International discussions concerning rhinomanometry have been held but no numerical comparisons have been reported. In an attempt to make international comparisons between different rhinomanometric results, nasal resistances were measured by active posterior rhinomanometry with a head-out body plethysmograph produced in Canada and by active posterior and anterior methods with a Japanese commercial rhinomanometer, and the results were compared. No significant differences were found between measurements obtained from the two types of equipment. It is believed that this study is the first project of international comparison of rhinomanometry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on flomoxef in neonates and premature infants].

Studies were made on pharmacokinetics, clinical effects and influence on intestinal bacterial flora in neonates upon administration of flomoxef (FMOX), and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations of FMOX after intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg/dose were 48.5 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes, 33.0 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 7.3 micrograms/ml in 6 hours. The T 1/2 was 2.7 hours. FMOX at a dose of 40 mg/kg was given to only one new born baby on the 1st day after birth, and serum concentrations were 73.6 micrograms/ml in 30 minutes, 55.9 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 16.9 micrograms/ml in 6 hours. The T 1/2 was 4.60 hours. 2. FMOX was administered to 21 neonates between 0 and 32 days of age. Clinical effects were evaluable in 8 of 21 cases. The results were excellent in 2 cases, good in 5 cases and poor in 1 case. Of the 21 cases, diarrhea in 1 case, elevation of eosinophile in 2 cases (9.5%), elevation of platelet count in 3 cases (14.3%), and elevation of GOT in 2 cases (9.5%) were recognized during treatment. 3. FMOX was detected in feces at levels of 0.84-44.4 micrograms/g. Except for a slight decrease in numbers of anaerobes, little fluctuations of intestinal flora were observed during treatment.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

[Zinc concentration in the central nervous system in a case of multiple sclerosis--comparison with other neurological diseases].

The possible role of trace elements in a pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) on degenerative and demyelinating diseases has been suggested. Simultaneous measurements of Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentration in CNS were undertaken by neutron activation analysis in CNS tissues: a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), five patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), five with spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), and five with cerebral infarction (CVD) in non-invasive area of CNS as control. Although Zn and Fe concentration were present in white matter and gray matter of CNS in each disease, 1) Zn concentration showed no special pattern in gray matter among four diseases, but decreased more in white matter of MS and ALS than that of CVD (p less than 0.05); 2) Fe concentration in gray matter of SCD increased more than that in CVD (p less than 0.05), but Fe concentration in white matter of CVD was increased more than that of ALS (p less than 0.05); 3) Fe concentration of CNS in a patient with MS was not notable except for high Fe concentration in caudate nucleus and globus pallidus. The demyelinated pathological area in CNS of MS showed a decrease in Zn level but no change in Fe level. These results indicate that low Zn concentration in CNS tissues of MS seemed to be responsible for CNS demyelination, but not for undernutrition due to poor conditions of a patient with MS. It seems that Zn might be one pathogenetic factor of MS, but the action of Fe in MS can not be ruled out.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Diurnal fluctuations of arterial ketone body ratio in normal subjects and patients with liver dysfunction.

To explore the metabolic aspects of chronic liver disease, diurnal changes of arterial ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate), reflecting hepatic mitochondrial redox potential, were investigated in normal subjects, patients with chronic liver disease (Child's class A or B), and patients with hepatic failure (Child's class C). Ketone body ratio in normal subjects increased after breakfast from 0.96 to 2.00, after lunch from 2.17 to 2.38, and after dinner from 1.23 to 2.55 with blood glucose level ranging from 103 to 141 mg/dL (5.7 to 7.8 mmol/L). By contrast, the ketone body ratio in the Child A or B group changed little and remained within a range of 0.70-1.35 despite a large change in blood glucose level from 102 to 176 mg/dL (5.7 to 9.8 mmol/L). Ketone body ratio in Child's class C remained near or below 0.4 with no response to glucose administration, despite a marked elevation in blood glucose level. These results indicate that hepatic mitochondrial redox potential undergoes diurnal changes in sharp response to meals in normal liver function but that these fluctuations are absent in patients with liver damage (Child's class A, B, and C). Furthermore, it remains at low levels in severe liver failure (Child's class C). It is also suggested that hepatic mitochondrial redox potential plays an important role in the regulation of blood glucose levels.

Acetoacetates↗