Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Iwaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Iwaki.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Inhibition of the O2- -generating NADPH oxidase of guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes by rabbit antibody to homologous liver NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase.

Rabbit antibody highly specific for guinea-pig liver NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase was found to inhibit dose-dependently the O2- -generating activity of the membrane fraction isolated from phorbol-myristate acetate-stimulated, homologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In addition, the antibody also could inhibit the NADPH-cytochrome c (Nitroblue tetrazolium) reductase separated from the membrane fractions and phagosomes of leukocytes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-300 column in the presence of 0.2% Triton X-100. These results demonstrate that the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in the membrane fractions of leukocytes is antigenically cross-reactive with homologous liver NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and also suggest that the enzyme of leukocytes participates in the respiratory burst.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Repairability of drug-induced "wavy ribs" in rat offspring.

The development and repairability of "wavy ribs" were studied in offspring from dams of rat strain SD-JCL dosed with fenoterol, a beta-adrenoceptor stimulant. The incidence of "wavy ribs" was high at 1000 mg/kg/d. The critical administration period for the development of "wavy ribs" was from day 13 through 17 of gestation. Firstly, a delay of ossification in the middle of the ribs was seen on day 17. Thereafter, the middle part of the ribs began to curve and the curves were calcified until the end of gestation. Decreases of alkaline phosphatase and total protein were observed on day 20 in blood of fetuses showing "wavy ribs". The "wavy ribs" gradually disappeared until weaning. The effect of fenoterol could be partially blocked by the action of a beta-adrenoceptor blocker.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

[Influence of cefotiam (SCE-963, CTM) on bowel flora (author's transl)].

The influence on bowel flora of CTM was studied in 5 children who were taking normal diet. 1) In the cases following no diarrhea, administration of CTM caused no significant changes in bowel flora. In the cases following diarrhea, administration of CTM caused a fall in coliform, BEP group, Lactobacillus and Peptostreptococcus. However, after the administration was discontinued, the reduced bowel flora was returned to the normal range within a few days. 2) No overgrowth of bowel flora by Pseudomonas, Clostridium difficile or Candida was observed. 3) One strain of nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile was observed in the case of following no diarrhea. 4) As for the side effects, diarrhea was observed in 2 cases. BEP group: Nonspore making anaerobic Gram positive rods of Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Propionibacterium.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[The absorption, excretion and influence on bowel flora of oral paromomycin sulfate (author's transl)].

The absorption, excretion and influence on bowel flora of oral paromomycin sulfate (aminosidine, PRM) were studied in ten normal volunteers taking a normal diet, and the following results were obtained. 1. Serum levels of PRM were observed 0.46 micrograms/ml at a half hour, 1.14 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 1.48 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.70 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 0.29 micrograms at 6 hours and were almost faded out at 12 hours after 4 grams of oral administration. 2. During 0 approximately 2 hours, 2 approximately 4 hours, 4 approximately 6 hours and 6 approximately 12 hours, the mean urine concentration of PRM were observed 56.4 micrograms/ml, 56.2 micrograms/ml, 37.1 micrograms/ml and 13.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the total excretion in the urine by 12 hours were observed 21.14 mg (0.53%). 3. Oral administration of PRM caused fall in Lactobacillus, non spore-forming anaerobic Gram positive bacilli (BEP group) and Peptostreptococcus (P less than 0.001), Bacteroides (P less than 0.01). However, after administration was discontinued, reduced bowel flora was returned to the normal range within a few days. No overgrowth of bowel flora by coliform, Clostridium or yeast was observed. Klebsiella oxytoca and toxigenic Clostridium difficile were not observed overgrowth. 4. No side effect was observed clinically over 2 months.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Neutralizing activity against Clostridium difficile toxin in the supernatants of cultured colostral cells.

Human colostral specimens were obtained from 60 Japanese postpartum women within the first 3 days after delivery. Neutralizing activity against Clostridium difficile toxin was evaluated with Y1 adrenal cells in miniculture. When Y1 adrenal cells were exposed briefly to the toxin, they showed a rounding response in culture, resembling that effected by Escherichia coli enterotoxin; however, preincubation of the toxin with aqueous phase of colostrum significantly reduced its cytopathic effect on Y1 adrenal cells. Of 60 colostral specimens, 17 samples had neutralizing activity against the toxin. Cell-free supernatants of colostral cells cultured for 7 days without mitogens contained significant amounts of both immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM, but very small amounts of IgG. Neutralizing activity of cell-free supernatants of cultured colostral cells was evaluated as described above. Neutralizing activity against the toxin was identified in five samples of culture supernatants out of 60 colostral cell specimens. In all five cases, the aqueous phase of colostrum also had a neutralizing effect against C. difficile toxin. Neutralizing activity against the toxin found in five supernatants of cultured colostral cells was completely abolished only by anti-human IgA antibody as assessed by immune precipitation.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1978

alpha-glucosidase activity in human leucocytes: choice of lymphocytes for the diagnosis of Pompe's disease and the carrier state.

alpha-Glucosidase activity was assayed in polymorphonuclear cells and lymphocytes from human peripheral blood with 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate in the presence of sodium taurocholate. The pH vs. activity curve of the alpha-glucosidase indicated that differential estimation between acid and neutral alpha-glucosidases was difficult to perform with polymorphonuclear cells, but easily accessible with lymphocytes. The use of peripheral blood lymphocytes for the enzymatic diagnosis of Pompe's disease seemed to be more reliable than the use of whole leucocytes; this also the case with a classical Pompe's patient. The lymphocytes from the parents had normal or low normal activity of acid alpha-glucosidase in the freshly isolated state, but when cultured with phytohaemagglutinin for 72 h, the stimulated lymphocytes of both parents showed about half the enzyme activity of the cultured controls. It was deemed possible in all probability to identify the carrier state by assay of the enzyme activity in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological activities of crude polysaccharide extracted from two different immunotype strains of Hemophilus gallinarum in chickens.

Biological activities in chickens of crude polysaccharide extracted from two different immunotype strains of Hemophilus gallinarum (HG), strain 221 and S1, were studied to clarify a type-specific protecting antigen and a toxin. Crude polysaccharide materials extracted from strains 221 and S1 were not only protective but toxic to chickens. They also contained at least two heat-labile antigens. When the polysaccharide materials were subjected to gel filtration on Sepharose 6B by tracing at 280 and 490 nm, the protective and toxic activities could be fractionated as peak-1 and -2 polysaccharides, respectively. The fraction of peak-1 polysaccharides from strains 221 and S1 was eluted at void volume. Cross-protection was not found between strains 221 and S1 in the fraction of peak-1 polysaccharide. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody to type 1 hemagglutinin of HG (trypsin-sensitive hemagglutinin) was detected in chickens immunized with this fraction from strain 221 but not with that from strain S1. Type specificity between both strains was also found in this fraction by agar-gel precipitation (AGP) test. On the other hand, the toxic fraction of peak-2 polysaccharide, which caused hydropericardium in chickens, had a lower molecular weight than did that of peak-1 polysaccharide. It did not give HI antibody in chickens. Common antigenicity between strains 221 and S1 was found in the peak-2 polysaccharide by AGP test.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Latex agglutination test for measurement of type-specific antibody to Haemophilus paragallinarum in chickens.

A latex agglutination test employing serotype-specific Haemophilus paragallinarum polysaccharides as the antigen has been developed. It can be used to measure the antigen-antibody reaction in chicken sera when spontaneous latex particle agglutinin is removed without loss of detectable antibody by kaolin pretreatment. The test was tried to detect the serological response in immunized chickens with two different serotype strains of H. paragallinarum; it could detect the type-specific antibody, and no crossreaction was observed. This latex-agglutinating antibody may be related mainly to immunoglobulin M in primary antisera in which the latex titer was reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. The latex agglutination test should be valuable as a routine diagnostic method because it is type-specific, simple, and economic and its sensitized latex suspension is stable for at least four months.

Agglutinins↗