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Biomedical subjects

S Isomura

Publications and source records attributed to S Isomura.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Establishment of hybridoma cells with natural killer(NK)-like activity against syngenic tumor cells.

The 4D1D4 hybridoma cells were derived from the fusion of spleen cells from BALB/c nude mice with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. The surface phenotypes of 4D1D4 hybridoma cells were Thy-1.2+, L3T4 (CD4)-, Lyt-2 (CD8)-, Asialo GM1+ and p-55 interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25)-. This phenotypic pattern was consistent with the surface phenotype of NK cells. The 4D1D4 cells showed the definite killer activity against a syngenic tumor cell line, RL male-1, but not against an allogenic YAC-1 line. The killer activity of the 4D1D4 cells was not affected by the addition of exogenous IL-2. It was, therefore, suggested that 4D1D4 cells might be representative of resting NK cells with expression of no functional IL-2 receptors. The hybridoma technology might be useful for establishment of the cloned NK cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Rapid detection of motile Salmonella in chicken meat by the 1-2 Test].

The 1-2 Test (BioControl) is an enrichment culture/immuno-diffusion assay for detecting Salmonella in foods by use of poly-H-antibodies. The performance of the 1-2 Test was compared with that of the traditional culture method on 85 chicken meat samples. The results were as follows: The detection frequency of Salmonella by the 1-2 Test 24-hour assay (28/85, 32.9%) was greater than that by the 8-hour assay (16/85, 18.8%) and almost equal to that by the traditional method (26/85, 30.6%). The 8-hour assay gave a 46.2% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity. The 24-hour assay gave an 84.6% sensitivity and 89.8% specificity. Detection appeared to show some influence from the number of Salmonella, number of viable cells (SPC) and coliform groups. Differences in serotypes of Salmonella detected by the 1-2 Test and the traditional methods were also observed. Although there were some differing results between the 1-2 Test and the traditional method, this system appears to be useful for detecting Salmonella in foods, since results can be obtained at least 24 hours earlier than by the conventional procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The low rate of HIV infection in Japanese homosexual and bisexual men: an analysis of HIV seroprevalence and behavioural risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection in homosexual and bisexual men in Nagoya City, Japan. DESIGN: A prospective study ongoing since April 1986. METHODS: Nine hundred and thirty-eight serum samples were collected from 531 participants in August 1990 in an anonymous, confidential testing programme. A self-administered questionnaire was completed and all participants anonymized by a code number. Interviews were conducted and HIV-antibody test results given by telephone, except for the positive test results, which were given in person and counselling offered. RESULTS: Two out of the 531 participants (0.38%) were found to be seropositive for HIV-1, although the seroprevalences of sexually transmitted diseases, including hepatitis B, syphilis, chlamydia infection and amoebiasis, were remarkably high. A small number of participants had had sexual contact with individuals from countries where HIV infection rates are high. No patient had had a recent episode of intravenous drug use. Numbers of male sexual partners were decreasing and unsafe sexual practices, such as anal intercourse without condom use, were also decreasing. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent low-risk behaviour of the men studied here (low levels of sexual contact with foreigners, absence of intravenous drug use, decreasing numbers of sexual partners and unsafe sexual practices) may explain the low prevalence of HIV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A large outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with a small round structured virus among schoolchildren and teachers in Japan.

In March 1989 a large outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred simultaneously among schoolchildren and teachers at nine elementary schools in Toyota City, Japan. Illness was observed in 3236 (41.5%) of 7801 schoolchildren and 117 (39.4%) of 297 teachers. The main clinical symptoms were diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain. Gastroenteritis was significantly associated with the consumption of school lunch served by one particular lunch preparation centre. One food handler at the centre suffered from gastroenteritis during the outbreak. Small round structured virus (SRSV) was detected in 4 of 8 stool specimens from sick persons. The school lunch contaminated by the infected food handler is the most probable source of this outbreak due to SRSV.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of cytopathic small round viruses with BS-C-1 cells from patients with gastroenteritis.

Fecal extracts from 12 subjects in outbreaks of oyster-associated nonbacterial gastroenteritis were inoculated with BS-C-1 cells for isolation of the causative viruses. Cytopathic agents were isolated from 3 patients. No cross-neutralizing reactions were observed between the isolates and prototypes of human enteroviruses. The isolates were approximately 30 nm in diameter and had a distinct ultrastructure resembling that of astroviruses. Four polypeptide bands with molecular sizes of 42, 28, 27, and 22 kDa were seen on SDS-PAGE analyses. Seroconversion against the isolate was observed in 18 (31.6%) of 57 patients involved in five of seven outbreaks examined by neutralization test. A protein band characteristically reactive with the paired serum samples was detectable at 42 kDa by immunoblot assay. These results suggested that some small round viruses resembling astroviruses might show cytopathic effect in BS-C-1 cells and may be associated with an oyster-related gastroenteritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies for direct serotyping of enteric adenoviruses in feces].

We were prepared three monoclonal antibodies in which the monoclone 12D was type specific for Adenovirus 40 (Ad40), 1F was type specific for Ad41 and 15D was group specific for Ads. For identification of enteric adenoviruses (EAd) in stool specimens, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using monoclonal antibodies was developed. Results of identification by the ELISA tests using monoclonal antibodies to EAd on 15 fecal samples in which Ad particles were found by electron microscopy showed complete coincidence to those of Sma 1 restriction endonuclease cleavage. From these results, the ELISA tests employing EAds type specific monoclonal antibodies proved to be specific and this was a rapid technique for laboratory diagnosis of EAd in fecal specimens of viral gastroenteritis. Fifty-eight fecal samples with Ad particles positive by EM were serotyped by the ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. Eleven fecal samples were identified as Ad40, 25 as Ad41, 1 as double infection with Ad40 and Ad41, and 4 as non-EAd. These results indicated that Ad41 was more dominant than Ad40 during April, 1986 to January, 1989 in Matsuyama city.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1991

[Cholera toxin producibility by Vibrio cholerae isolated during the cholera outbreak in the NTT Nagoya Hall].

An outbreak of cholera occurred among guests of the NTT Nagoya Hall in September 1989. Clinical findings showed that all but one were symptomatic infections out of 44 bacteriologically confirmed cases. In relation to the high incidence of symptomatic infections, we examined cholera toxin (CT) producibility of the isolated V. cholerae. 1. Strains of the NTT case produced 16-256 (mean 130) ng of CT per ml in CAYE-L medium at 30 degrees C and 32-256 (mean 142) ng of CT per ml by Polymyxin B treatment. But strains of past case produced 8-256 (mean 34), 8-128 (mean 44) ng of CT per ml, respectively. Strains of the NTT case produced a larger amount of CT than that of the past cases. 2. Strains of the NTT case produced 512-4096 (mean 2100) ng of CT per ml in CAYE-L medium at 37 degrees C and 1024-2048 (mean 1600) ng of CT per ml by Polymyxin B treatment. But strains of the past case produced 8-64 (mean 25), 8-128 (mean 45) ng of CT per ml, respectively. Strains of the NTT case produced a larger an amount of CT than them of past case. We observed the same phenomenon in AKI medium at 37 degrees C. The yield of CT in CAYE-L medium was greater at 37 degrees C than 30 degrees C. 3. Strains of NTT case grew faster than that of the past case in CAYE-L medium at 37 degrees C. But the growth rate was the same as both strains in AKI and CAYE media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cholera↗
PubMed1991

Clinical studies on efficacy and safety of an acellular pertussis vaccine in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

Of 342 cases with pertussis notified from 1986 through 1989 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, 331 (96.8%) were unimmunized children. To confirm the clinical efficacy of the acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (ACP-DT i.e.) used in the mass immunization, a prospective household case contact study has been conducted since 1983. Of 56 unimmunized children, 48 developed clinically diagnosed pertussis, and of 80 children who received recommended doses of the vaccine, only four contracted the disease after the household exposure. There were no serious systemic adverse reactions including high fever, encephalopathy, shock or death attributable to the mass immunization with ACP-DT. Severe local reactions occurred in 2.5/100,000 recipients of a third and fourth dose of the vaccine during 1984-1989.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1991

A comparative trial of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of Takeda acellular pertussis vaccine combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Outcome in 3- to 8-month-old infants, 9- to 23-month-old infants and children, and 24- to 30-month-old children.

The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the Takeda acellular pertussis vaccine combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were compared in 139 infants aged 3 to 8 months, 60 infants and children aged 9 to 23 months, and 99 children aged 24 to 30 months. Good antibody responses to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and agglutinogens occurred in all age groups after both the third and fourth doses. After the fourth (booster) dose, the mean antibody values in initially seronegative infants vaccinated at 3 to 8 months of age were as follows: anti-PT, 67.8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units (EU) per milliliter; anti-FHA, 149.5 EU/mL; the agglutinin titer was 125.6. The values in initially seronegative children vaccinated at 24 to 30 months of age were as follows: anti-PT, 92.9 EU/mL; anti-FHA, 251.7 EU/mL; the agglutinin titer was 275.8. Reactions following immunization were minimal. Except for drowsiness after the first dose in infants, there were no clinically significant differences in reactions between infants and older children. The findings in this study coupled with the recent demonstration of efficacy of this vaccine in 2-year-old children supports the recent Japanese recommendation to lower the age of immunization with acellular pertussis vaccine combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids to 3 months.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1990

Fecal IgA antibody responses after oral poliovirus vaccination in infants and elder children.

We investigated fecal IgA antibody responses after oral polyvalent poliovirus vaccination. Infants were given vaccines twice with an interval of 6 weeks. Specific IgA antibodies in the feces were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and viruses were isolated in tissue cultures. We found that, after the first vaccination, antibody responses seemed to be elicited only against the serotypes of isolated viruses. After the second vaccination, however, antibodies were detected to all three serotypes with higher titers, suggesting that the first vaccination induced the immunologic memory. The IgA antibodies had virus-neutralizing activity, and existed in the feces as both intact 11S and fragmented 4S molecules. Next, children were given the third vaccination 3 or 9 years later. Fecal IgA antibody responses were found to be poorer in elder children, while they responded with high serum neutralization titers. The secretory IgA memory seemed to last much shorter the serum IgG memory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay employing monoclonal antibodies for direct identification of enteric adenoviruses (Ad40,41) in feces.

For detection and identification of enteric adenovirus (Ad) types 40 and 41 in stool specimens, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed with the use of three monoclonal antibodies: Ad group-specific, Ad40 type-specific, and Ad41 type-specific antibodies. Of 860 fecal samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis, 44 strains of Ad were isolated using Graham 293 cell cultures. Of these isolates, 20 were typed as Ad40, 18 were Ad41, and 6 were other Ads by neutralization tests with cell cultures. Results of the ELISA tests on these 860 fecal samples resulted in good agreement to those with the cell culture method. The ELISA tests using Ad type-specific monoclonal antibodies proved to be a specific and rapid technique for laboratory diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis caused by enteric Ads.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of DEAE-dextran, centrifugation, cycloheximide and their combination on infection and growth of Chlamydia psittaci bird isolates].

In order to establish a stable and uniform cultural method in a cell line HaLa 229, we studied the effect of DEAE-dextran, centrifugation, cycloheximide and their combination on infectivity and progeny yields of Chlamydia psittaci isolated mainly from birds. Of 11 strains (10 avian and one human origin Ito strain), 9 showed maximal inclusion formation when host cells were treated with a combination of dextran and cycloheximide. Of the other two strains, one showed maximum inclusion formation with dextran alone and any treatments did not enhance the inclusion formation in another strain. Maximal yields of progeny at 48 hours after infection was observed in 5 (4 avian and Ito) strains when host cells were treated with a combination of dextran and cycloheximide. One avian strain showed maximal yields with a triple treatment; dextran and cycloheximide combined with centrifugation. At 72 hours after infection, three avian and Ito strains showed maximal yields with a double treatment (dextran and cycloheximide) and other two avian strains showed that with a triple treatment (double treatment added with centrifugation). The results suggest that in a cell culture HeLa 229, the treatment with dextran and cycloheximide may provide an efficient isolation and growth pattern for most strains originated from birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Microbiological and chemical analyses of indoor swimming pools and virucidal effect of chlorine in these waters].

Virological and bacteriological examinations and chemical analysis were made of 24 water samples from 6 public indoor swimming pools in Aichi Prefecture. In 3 of these swimming pools, sodium hypochlorite was used as a disinfectant and in the remainder trichloroisocyanurates. All samples were negative for adenovirus per 20 liters. Coliform group was detected in one sample with 26.7 mg/l cyanuric acid. Total plate counts ranged from 0 to 1 per ml in the swimming pools treated with sodium hypochlorite and 0 to 51 in those with trichloroisocyanurates. Turbidity, pH and potassium permanganate concentrations in the samples were within allowable limits. Seven of 24 samples did not meet the recommended value of 0.4 mg/l for free chlorine residuals. Ammonium nitrogen was detected in one pool water with trichloroisocyanurates. In 11 of 12 water samples of swimming pools using sodium hypochlorite, poliovirus 1 (2 x 10(4) PFU/0.2 ml) was inactivated within 1 min under the condition of 1.0 mg/l free available chlorine and 25 degrees C. In 11 of 12 water samples of 3 swimming pools using trichloroisocyanurates, poliovirus type 1 survived after 2 min contact while in 5 samples poliovirus type 1 survived after 5 min contact. This shows that the risk of viral infection is greater in swimming pool water treated with chlorinated isocyanurics than that with sodium hypochlorite. The operator of the swimming pool should pay special attention to the control of water quality and free residual chlorine value.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1990

[Quality of life in gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy--from the standpoint of cancer chemotherapy].

Changes with time in quality of life (QOL) in patients who had undergone chemotherapy for various types of inoperable gastrointestinal diseases were investigated. The items studied included appetite, general feeling, sleep, fatigue, pain, familial understanding and cooperation, association with friends and colleagues, anxiety concerning the disease, expectations concerning treatment and daily life activities. These 10 items were recorded by the patients for 2-4 weeks in five grades by a combination of the analog scale and category scale methods, with the exception of association with friends and colleagues, which showed few entries, the following relations with antitumor effects were seen at the following average QOL values in the total scores for the nine items: In PR cases (n = 7), 15.6 before treatment, 19.7 during treatment and 14.8 after treatment; in NC cases (n = 11), 19.4 before treatment, 20 during treatment and 19.1 after treatment; and in PD cases (n = 4), 17.0 before treatment, 22.8 during treatment, and 22.8 after treatment. The above 10 items were surveyed simultaneously with a face scale (Arthritis and Rheumatism, Vol. 29, No,7, 906-909, 1986). Five faces considered appropriate for a five-stage evaluation were used, and the Spearman coefficient of correlation was calculated with a combination of all of the above 10 items. The face scale showed correlation in the sequence of general feeling sleep greater than activities of daily life greater than anxiety concerning the disease greater than fatigue. As a result of a nonmetric type component analysis, the data could be reduced to four dimensions with appetite, fatigue, activities of daily life, general feeling and face as the first principal component; expectations concerning treatment, understanding and cooperation of family and association with friends as the second principal component; anxiety concerning the disease and sleep as the third principal component; and pain as the fourth principal component (cumulative contribution rate: 82.38). The first principal component was investigated using a logistic regression model. As a result, the face scale could be explained by the general feeling and the daily life activities. The weight was general feeling 3 and daily life activities 1. Therefore, it appears possible to utilize sufficiently the face scale in QOL surveys of cancer patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis following measles and measles vaccination in Japan.

The Japanese Committee for the National Registry of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) confirmed that 215 cases of SSPE occurred in the 20 years from 1966 to 1985, as discovered in the 10-year surveillance from April 1976 through March 1986. The annual incidence in recent years has been between 10 and 23 cases. Among cases with a certain history of measles illness or measles vaccination, 184 (90.2%) had a history of measles illness without receiving measles vaccine. There were 11 probable measles vaccine-associated cases (5.4%), three (1.5%) being vaccinated with a combined use of killed and live vaccine and eight (3.9%) with further attenuated live vaccine. There were nine cases (4.4%) without a history of either measles illness or measles vaccination. Intervals between measles illness and the onset of SSPE varied from 1 to 16 years (mean, 7.0 years). The periods following measles vaccination with further attenuated live vaccine were 2 to 11 years (mean, 4.6 years). Annual incidence rates of SSPE per million cases of measles ranged between 6.1 and 40.9 (mean, 16.1) in the 10 measles epidemic years 1968-1977, and those following vaccination with further attenuated live vaccine were zero in most years and at the highest 3.08 (mean, 0.9) per million doses of distributed vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Serum anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody levels, and agglutinin titers after administration of acellular pertussis vaccines.

Simultaneous evaluation of acellular pertussis vaccines from three manufacturers (Takeda, Biken, and Chiba) was performed. After receiving two doses of acellular pertussis vaccine in the form of DPT (diphtheria pertussis tetanus), both infants and children showed high serum anti-PT (pertussis toxin) and anti-FHA (filamentous hemagglutinin) antibody levels. These levels were equivalent to those observed in children in the convalescent stage of natural pertussis infection. Children who received 2 doses of Biken vaccine showed higher anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody levels than those who received Takeda or Chiba vaccine. Elevation of agglutinin titers was observed in children who received either Takeda or Chiba vaccine.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗