[A case of postoperative cutaneointestinal fistula responding to somatostatin analog, with a special reference to serum level of gastrointestinal hormones].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
S Ishihara
Publications and source records attributed to S Ishihara.
[A case of oligomeganephronia--quantitative measurement of the glomerular surface area and the number of glomeruli with a color image analyzer].
We report here a nine-year-old boy with oligomeganephronia. The patient had proteinuria and morphometric analysis of the renal biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of oligomeganephronia. We employed a color image analyzer (OLYMPUS Corp.) to determine the glomerular surface area and the number of glomeruli per mm2 of the renal cortex of the patient. All the scanned glomeruli showed marked hypertrophy; the mean maximal surface area for the 5 glomeruli was 46 x 10(3) microns 2, which is approximately 4 times larger than that of normal children of the same age. The number of glomeruli per mm2 of the renal cortex of the patient had decreased to 1. 11 per mm2, which is approximately one fourth that of normal controls with IgA glomerulonephritis. The color image analyzer proved to be useful for the diagnosis of oligomeganephronia enabling the quantitative measurement of the glomerular surface area and the number of glomeruli per mm2 of the renal cortex.
Child↗
Association of HTLV-I antibody profile of asymptomatic carriers with proviral DNA levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
The human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody profile of 216 asymptomatic carriers in Miyazaki, Japan, was analyzed in conjunction with the HTLV-I proviral DNA levels in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) determined by the semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The geometric mean HTLV-I titer by particle agglutination assay (PA) of 58 subjects (27%) with a high DNA level was 1:1, 240; 94 (44%) with a medium DNA level, 1:740; 38 (18%) with a low level, 1:476; and, 26 (12%) with an undetectable level, 1:263. Moreover, when the subjects were divided into four groups according to titer from high to low, the correlation between DNA level and antibody titer level was highly significant (p < 0.0001). HTLV-I antibody subclass by Western blot (WB) was determined for 78 randomly selected samples from these carriers. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody was detected in 35 (45%). The mean PA antibody titer was higher in carriers with IgM antibody than in those without, at each detectable proviral DNA level. These findings suggest that HTLV-I antibody titer is related to proviral DNA level and also to the presence of IgM antibodies among those with proviral DNA of the same level. Seven carriers (9%) were negative for IgG antibody by WB, among whom the proviral DNA level was low or undetectable and the PA titer was also low. Three of these were positive only for IgM antibody.
Aged↗
Low energy effects of new interactions in the electroweak boson sector.
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Journal Article↗
Development of tolerance to amnesic effects of chlordiazepoxide in relation to GABAergic and cholinergic neuronal systems.
Chronic administration of benzodiazepines has been reported to produce tolerance in animals and humans. We investigated whether benzodiazepines produce tolerance to the amnesic effects and effects on benzodiazepine receptors, GABAergic and/or cholinergic neuronal systems of repeated administration of chlordiazepoxide, using a passive avoidance task and autoradiographic techniques. Tolerance developed to the amnesic effect of chlordiazepoxide when the drug was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg (i.p.) once a day for 14 days. Bicuculline (1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, did not induce amnesia in normal mice, but did so in chlordiazepoxide-tolerant mice. Muscimol (0.25 mg/kg), a GABAA receptor agonist, in combination with a low dose of chlordiazepoxide, induced amnesia in normal mice, but not in chlordiazepoxide-tolerant mice. Scopolamine, an acetylcholine receptor antagonist, induced amnesia in normal mice, but not in chlordiazepoxide-tolerant mice. In the autoradiographical study, although repeated treatment with chlordiazepoxide had no effect on [3H]flunitrazepam and [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to benzodiazepine receptors, it decreased [3H]muscimol binding to GABAA receptors, with a decrease in affinity in the cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, repeated administration of chlordiazepoxide increased [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampus. These results suggest that tolerance develops to the amnesic effects of chlordiazepoxide, and that tolerance may be due to down-regulation of GABAA receptors and/or up-regulation of acetylcholine receptors.
Amnesia↗
Analysis of anti-Tax antibody of HTLV-I carriers in an endemic area in Japan.
Sera from 1197 adult residents in Miyazaki district, an area in Japan endemic for human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), were tested for anti-Tax antibody by the recombinant Tax (r-Tax) Western blot assay. Among HTLV-I-seropositive individuals, including 21.5% of 484 males and 28.6% of 713 females, the prevalence of anti-Tax antibody were 59.6% and 58.3% respectively, with no apparent difference in age. There was a significant 6-fold difference in the prevalence of anti-Tax among seropositive subjects with titer > or = 1:8192 (84.6%) compared with those with the lowest titer of 1:16 (14.3%), suggesting the increased production of antibodies to viral structural proteins in anti-Tax-positive individuals. Furthermore, among those anti-Tax-positive subjects, the intensity of serum reactivity to r-Tax protein in the high antibody titer (1:1024 or higher) group was significantly stronger than that in the lower antibody titer (1:512 or lower) group. We also found that 1.6% (14/889) of individuals without detectable levels of HTLV-I antibody had anti-Tax antibody. HTLV-I pro-viral DNA signals could not be detected in DNA sample from the lymphocytes of these individuals by the nested polymerase chain reaction method. Further evaluation is needed to clarify the significance of an anti-Tax-only status population in which HTLV-I is endemic.
Adult↗
Brain vessels near muscle autografts are sites for entry of isogeneic macrophages into brain.
An autograft of skeletal muscle on rat dorsal medulla is a permanent opening in the blood-brain barrier to solutes. Is the graft also a site for the entry of exogenous, isogeneic leukocytes? Five weeks after inserting the graft, peritoneal macrophages (M phi) from inbred Fischer rats were activated by phorbol myristate acetate, labeled with a fluorescent dye, and infused as a bolus of about 2 x 10(6) cells into the axillary artery of Fischer hosts. The cells circulated for 2 h. The brains were then fixed, frozen, and sectioned. Only when M phi had been activated and a muscle autograft inserted did appreciable numbers of M phi enter the medulla. Nonactivated M phi invaded the grafts but very few entered the brain at 2 h. In rats with gel foam grafts, only a few activated M phi invaded gel and brain. Before entering tissues, M phi must adhere to the lumenal face of vessels. Cell adhesion molecules, e.g., I-CAM-1 and its ligand adhesion molecule, leukocyte function antigen (LFA-1), are known to mediate adhesion. I-CAM-1, detected immunohistochemically, increased in graft vessels and in nearby brain vessels. The rise may have been mediated by cytokines, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-beta, found in the grafts. LFA-1, however, assayed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, was on both activated and nonactivated, exogenous M phi. Thus, M phi-endothelial attachment may have involved other adhesion molecules, e.g., selectins. The autograft also induced major histocompatibility complex class I on microglia and classes I and II on brain vessels near the graft. These vessels, by expressing adhesion molecules, are entry routes into brain for activated, isogeneic leukocytes that can then migrate for a limited distance of 1-2 mm in an otherwise intact brain.
Animals↗
Development of tolerance to anxiolytic effects of chlordiazepoxide in elevated plus-maze test and decrease of GABAA receptors.
Repeated administration of benzodiazepines has been reported to produce tolerance in animals and humans. Using an elevated plus-maze test and an autoradiographic technique, we investigated whether repeated administration of chlordiazepoxide produced tolerance to its anxiolytic effects, and whether such repeated administration altered benzodiazepine and GABAA receptors. Tolerance to the anxiolytic effect of chlordiazepoxide was produced when it was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg (i.p.) once a day for 10 and 14 days. In the quantitative autoradiographical study, although repeated chlordiazepoxide treatment had no effect on [3H]flunitrazepam and [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to benzodiazepine receptors, such treatment reduced [3H]muscimol binding to GABAA receptors in the cortex, caudate putamen, and hippocampus. These results suggest firstly, the production of tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of chlordiazepoxide, and, secondly, that this tolerance may be due to the down-regulation of GABAA receptors, but not of benzodiazepine receptors.
Animals↗
A cultured skin substitute composed of fibroblasts and keratinocytes with a collagen matrix: preliminary results of clinical trials.
The cultured skin substitute was created through successive cultivation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes that were combined within a collagen matrix. This collagen matrix was composed of a collagen spongy sheet and a collagen gel. The collagen spongy sheet was designed to produce a honeycomb structure having many holes in which all holes through the sheet were filled with collagen gel. This specific structure thereby allows for the nourishment of the cultured keratinocytes on the surface of the matrix when placed on the graft bed. In this study, autologous cultured skin substitute was applied to a 51-year-old man who had sustained a burn injury. Three sheets of the cultured skin substitute (6 x 9.5 cm) were grafted onto the full-thickness excised wound in the right anterior chest wall. One week after grafting most of the matrix disappeared and stratified keratinocytes were seen to have firmly attached to the underlying tissue. Five weeks after grafting a cornified epidermal layer was seen. Ten months after grafting a mature epidermis and a well-differentiated papillary and reticular dermis replacement were observed. The physical properties and color of this grafted area resemble those of normal skin. In the second test case, autologous cultured skin substitute was applied to a 30-year-old man with a scar remaining after tattoo removal. Eight sheets of the cultured skin substitute (10 x 18 cm) were applied on an excised wound (thickness, 0.02-0.025 in.) of both the fore- and upper arms. The histological appearance of a biopsied skin specimen from the grafted area at 3 months after grafting showed a mature epidermis and a well-differentiated reticular dermis replacement. The regenerated skin at 14 months after grafting showed an excellent result.
Adult↗
[Quantitative analysis of deacylgymnemic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography].
A method of the quantitative analysis was established for the determination of deacylgymnemic acid (DAGA) in the alkaline hydrolysate of the sample containing gymnemic acids which are ingredients of Gymnema sylvestre R. BR. leaves, by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. This method was used for comparing the contents of gymnemic acids in various samples. The amount of gymnemic acids analyzed as DAGA in 70% ethanol extract of dry leaves was about twice that in hot water extract. The commercial health-supplemental foods of five companies were investigated for the contents of gymnemic acids as DAGA and there were large differences from 38 to 251 mg in the dosage per day recommended by each company.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Comparison of readability between liquid crystal displays and cathode-ray tubes.
Flat-panel displays, especially liquid crystal displays (LCDs), are almost universally used today. Do LCDs assure better readability than cathode-ray tubes (CRTs)? Two experiments were carried out to determine which type of display is better using a newly developed device. Four types of displays were tested; negative and positive CRTs, and LCDs with and without backlighting. Variables were the type of display, age, and gender. At first, analyses of readability using eye movements were conducted. Middle-aged subjects showed slower reading speed than young subjects. Then, experiments of pupillo-accommodative functions were carried out. Non-backlit LCDs reduced focusing speed among young subjects and reading performance in middle-aged subjects. Since middle-aged workers have more difficulties than young workers, they should have their vision properly corrected for VDT viewing, more appropriate displays and a more comfortable illuminance environment than young workers.
Adolescent↗
Do liquid crystal displays assure better readability than cathode-ray tubes?
Flat-panel displays, especially liquid crystal displays (LCDs), are now firmly established as important devices for information displays. But do LCDs assure better readability than cathode-ray tubes (CRTs)? We carried out an experiment using four types of displays: negative and positive CRTs, and LCDs with and without backlighting. A syllable-checking task using the Japanese katakana alphabet was conducted among fifteen healthy workers. They were divided into three groups; Group 1 had five young males aged 25 to 29, Group 2 was made up of five young females aged 18 to 24, and Group 3 consisted of five middle-aged workers who were 40 to 50 years old. We used four ambient light levels: 200 lx, 500 lx, 1250 lx without reflected glare, and 500 lx with reflected glare, on the display screens from behind. The illuminance of the glare was approximately 200 cd/m2. Multiple regression analysis showed that non-backlit LCDs reduced reading performance in middle-aged subjects significantly. Since middle-aged workers have more difficulties than young workers, they need more appropriate displays and a more comfortable illuminance environment than younger workers.
Adolescent↗
[Mental health, work environment, and health practices among middle-aged male workers].
A study was made on the cross-sectional relationship of the psychosocial work environment and personal health practices to mental health level among 15,639 male subjects aged 30-59 engaged in various kinds of occupations and firms. Mental health level was dichotomized by self-reported mental disorders. The psychosocial factors of work environment were conceptually constructed from the aspects of working conditions and occupational stress. Working conditions were assessed by work overload, work shifts and role in the organization. Occupational stress was measured by psychological work load and job characteristics (job demands and decision latitude). Various factors associated with positive health behavior--an index based on six parameters such as supper time, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, and weight--were examined. The prevalence of self-reported mental disorders was 17.5 per 1,000 population. Multiple logistic analysis showed that both psychological work load and health practice index have a significant independent effect on mental health levels after controlling for age and marital status. Limitations of the present study indicate a need for future longitudinal studies.
Adult↗
Morbidity of allergic rhinitis based on the National Health Insurance records of Japan.
The morbidity of allergic rhinitis (AR) based on Japan National Health Insurance records was calculated from 1981 to 1990. The data shows a three-fold increase of the rate for AR patients in those 10 years. Additionally, Aichi Prefecture's morbidity of AR was analysed for May 1991. When cross-sectional methods were used for May 1991, it was found that the morbidity of AR showed little correlation with the pollen count for Japanese cedars and Japanese cypresses. However, the results suggested possible correlations between the morbidity of AR and the mean yearly levels of the pollutant components SPM and NO2.
Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
An experimental study on the objective measurement of accommodative amplitude under binocular and natural viewing conditions.
A high resolution optometer makes it possible to measure changes in refractive power objectively using reflected light from the fundus of the eye. There are limitations in that the subject has to see the target monocularly through a hole in the instrument. In the present study, we attempted to measure the accommodation and pupillary response with a newly developed device as a means to measure these factors in both binocular and natural viewing conditions. We compared the subjective accommodative amplitude levels obtained from the near-point distance with those of objective accommodative amplitude obtained in earlier studies using a monocular internal target. The amplitude of accommodation of the cases with binocular, natural viewing conditions was approximately 0.7 D larger than with monocular, internal target gazing. In previous studies, the difference between the subjective amplitude of accommodation and the results of the objective measurements, had been reported to be approximately 2 D, and was explained by the depth of focus. However, the difference between the subjective and objective amplitude of accommodation under binocular, natural viewing was smaller than that between the subjective and objective measurements (under monocular internal target gazing) from previous studies. This leads us to believe that besides the depth of the focus, we should consider the fact that the advantageous conditions inherent in binocular, natural viewing may increase the amplitude of accommodation. In the measurement of accommodative amplitude, the use of objective measuring methods are not affected by the subjects' subjective judgement.
Accommodation, Ocular↗
Psychology of computer use: XXX. Effects of presentation speed on pupil size using negative and positive CRTS.
The effects of presentation speed and both positive and negative CRT (cathode ray tube) displays on pupil size were studied. The pupillary areas of 12 female student volunteers were measured by infrared videopupillography. The three presentation speeds were no change for 12 sec., a change every 2 sec. for 12 sec., and a change every 1/2 sec. for 12 sec. Two-way analysis of variance showed that the pupil size in the negative displays was significantly larger than that in the positive displays. A difference in pupillary area results from different display speeds, irrespective of a difference in polarity.
Adult↗
[Transurethral endoureteropyelotomy].
Transurethral endoureteropyelotomy was performed in a total of 37 patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction or various ureteral strictures. Thirty-one (84%) of the 37 evaluable patients showed a radiographical improvement of hydronephrosis with a mean follow-up period of 15.8 +/- 10.5 months (range: 3-40). The clinical success rates were as follows: primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 11/12 92%); upper ureteral stricture, 6/7 (86%); lower ureteral stricture, 14/18 (78%). This endourological procedure required a mean operation time of 38.0 +/- 27.7 minutes and hospital stay of 7.3 +/- 4.9 days. No major complication has been identified. This retrograde procedure has a straight access to the strictured segment of ureteropelvic junction. It is safe and less invasive to the renal parenchym as it does not require percutaneous nephrostomy. Therefore, it might be clinically useful for the treatment of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction and other ureteral strictures.
Adolescent↗
The relationship of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to obesity, drinking and smoking habits.
Subjects were a total of 726 Japanese male transport service workers between the ages of 35 and 50. They were analyzed for obesity and drinking or smoking habits in relation to their HDL-cholesterol level and total cholesterol concentration. The cases were 100 low HDL-cholesterol (less than 40 mg/dl) and 121 high total cholesterol (greater than 230 mg/dl) subjects. We used a multiple logistic regression analysis. As for abnormally high total cholesterol, it was determined that the odds ratios at 40, 45, and 50 years of age were 1.95, 2.23, and 2.65, respectively, when 35-year-olds were considered the baseline. Abnormally high total cholesterol showed an odds ratio of 0.27 among thin subjects with a Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 21.0, when subjects with a standard BMI were calculated as the baseline. With reference to low HDL-cholesterol, the odds ratio for lean subjects was 0.30 against those who had standard habitus, while subjects with a BMI of more than 25.1 had an odds ratio of more than double. Compared with nondrinkers, low HDL-cholesterol exhibited odds ratios of 0.16 and 0.23, respectively, for moderate and heavy drinkers. In cases of low HDL-cholesterol, the odds ratios for mild and heavy smokers were 1.91 and 2.27, respectively, versus nonsmokers.
Adult↗