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Biomedical subjects

S Ishihara

Publications and source records attributed to S Ishihara.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Calvarial metastasis of cervical carcinoma showing the dural tail sign on magnetic resonance imaging].

A 42-year-old female was admitted to our department on 3 August, 1993 with a 3-month history of steadily enlarging subgaleal mass (3.2 x 3.0 cm) in the parietal region. She had been doing well following radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma of the uterus one year previously. Neurological examination on admission was negative. Axial T1-weighted MR images showed a low-intensity mass with marked homogeneous enhancement in the area of bone destruction, and a dural tail adjacent to the tumor (flare sign) after Gd-DTPA administration. The tumor was totally resected, and was pathologically diagnosed as a calvarial metastasis of the cervical carcinoma. However, 5 months later the tumor recurred anterior to the site of the resection. Since the dura mater adjacent to the tumor exhibited collagen fiber proliferation, the dural tail sign was appeared to represent a reaction to the tumor. Other calvarial metastatic lesions appeared adjacent to the initial lesion 5 months after the initial lesion was resected, however, suggesting that tumor cell nests were present in the dura mater which exhibited the dural tail sign. Extensive pathological examination of the dura mater appears necessary whenever a dural tail sign is detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Primary lung cancer in young patients].

We studied the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients, 40 years old or younger, in whom primary lung cancer was diagnosed and treated at National Nishigunma Hospital between 1982 and 1993, and compared them with those of 978 patients more than 40 years old. Younger patients numbered 30 (3.0%). Females accounted for 16 of the 30 cases (53.3%), a proportion higher than the female: male ratio for the older patients (27.8%). There were more smokers among the older patients (72.8%) than among the younger patients (53.3%) (p < 0.01). Adenocarcinoma was significantly more common (19/30, 63.3% vs 43.8%, p < 0.05) and squamous cell carcinoma was less common (3.30, 10.0% vs 34.3%, p < 0.05) in the younger patients than in the older patients. Median survival time in younger patients was 30.0 months, and in older patients it was 14.6 months, but we found no significant difference in survival between younger and older patients. In the younger group, all the cases of stage I or II disease were discovered during mass screening.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Continuous intraarterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin for liver metastases from colorectal cancer].

Between September 1990 and August 1994, 11 patients (pts) with liver metastases (mets) from colorectal cancer were treated with continuous hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil (FU) plus leucovorin (LV). Eight pts had non-resectable liver mets (H3: 7, H2: 1), and 3 had residual small mets after resection of major mets. Drugs were administered via an extracorporeal infusion device connected to the hepatic arterial infusion port. 5-FU and LV were given through a 5- to 7-day continuous infusion at 500-750 mg/body/day and 30 mg/body/day, respectively, with a 3- to 4-week rest period. In the recent 6 pts, cisplatin was administered as a 2-hour infusion at 25 mg/body, one or two times simultaneously. Grade 2 toxicity was noted in two pts (18%). One was stomatitis and another was uncontrolled ascites in an advanced cirrhotic pt. The response rate in the 9 evaluable pts was 67% with 6 PR and no CR. The duration of the response was 5 to 9 months. One- and two-year survival rates were 75% and 22%, respectively. These results were superior to those of the intermittent bolus injection of 5-FU plus MMC (or epirubicin) in 40 pts from 1977 to 1994. These results suggest that continuous 5-FU plus LV arterial infusion is an effective regimen in pts with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. However, the infusion with an extracorporeal device limits the pts' quality of life. Further investigation is needed for a schedule that can be practiced for a longer period.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[A case of multiple liver metastasis from remnant gastric cancer responding to leucovorin.5-FU+UFT therapy].

We report a case of a 67-year-old male patient who experienced multiple liver metastasis 6 months after undergoing an operation for remnant gastric cancer. The histological classification of the cancer in gastric remnant was poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with a low dose of LV.5-FU once a week and oral UFT as an outpatient. As a result, after 3 months of the treatment, CT showed that multiple liver lesions almost disappeared, a condition that lasted about 3 years without relapse. Toxic effects due to this treatment were temporary slight liver disfunction, mild anorexia and stomatitis. This case indicates that the regimen of LV.5-FU+UFT may be effective for multiple liver metastasis from postoperative remnant gastric cancer, enabling the patient to maintain an excellent QOL (quality of life).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[A case report of acute aortic dissection with aortic regurgitation and cardiac tamponade: intimal tear just above commissure of right coronary cusp and left coronary cusp].

A 57-year-old man with acute dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta underwent immediate operation. Preoperative study showed aortic regurgitation and cardiac tamponade. The intimal tear originated just above commissure of right coronary cusp and left coronary cusp. The procedure was a combination of direct closure of the entry and dissecting space and resuspension of native aortic valve. It was preferential of simple intervention limited to the ascending aorta without using prosthesis. There was no complication such as aortic valve regurgitation, enlargement of the ascending aorta, or persistent of dissection during follow-up period of 12 months.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Low frequency of the p53 gene mutations in neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: The p53 gene frequently is affected by point mutations, rearrangements, or deletions that contribute to the genesis or progression of a wide variety of human adult solid tumors; however, to the authors' knowledge, this gene alteration has not been analyzed in neuroblastoma. METHODS: Genomic DNA samples from 20 children with neuroblastoma, including 16 patients with advanced disease, were screened for the presence of mutations in exons 5-9 of the p53 gene, where over 90% of mutations have been reported to be located in human cancer. The screening technique employed polymerase chain reaction/single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis followed by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Heterozygous mutations were detected in 2 of the 20 cases. A silent mutation (T to G transversion) at codon 172 and a missense mutation (G to T transversion) at codon 259 were found in patients with Stage II and Stage IV disease, respectively. Thus, p53 mutations were found to occur in neuroblastoma, but at a low frequency (2 of 20). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that in a minority of neuroblastomas, p53 gene mutations may play a contributing role in tumorigenesis, but other genes presumably play a major role in this tumor.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Decreased reactivity to PPD among HTLV-I carriers in relation to virus and hematologic status.

Data on human T-cell lymphotropic-virus-type-I (HTLV-I) status and hematology from 528 individuals were analyzed for associations with low reactivity to the purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recall antigen. Subjects were classified as HTLV-I carriers with abnormal lymphocytes (Ably), carriers without Ably, and seronegatives. All carriers had a significant 2.6-fold risk of being low responders to PPD compared with the seronegatives, carriers with Ably having the highest relative risk. Carriers with HTLV-I-antibody titer > or = 1:256, or with other detectable markers of virus status such as antibody to tax and proviral DNA, had increased risk for low response to PPD similar to the estimate for HTLV-I seropositivity alone, compared with the seronegatives. Subjects with a low lymphocyte count had 3.5 times the risk for being low responders to PPD, compared with subjects with high counts. Similarly, subjects with a low monocyte count had 2.0 times the risk for low reactivity of those with a moderate to high count. Results were not confounded by age, sex, smoking or alcohol drinking. Using multiple logistic regression, only HTLV-I seropositivity and low lymphocyte and monocyte counts were predictive of low reactivity to PPD. Analysis indicates that suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity is associated with HTLV-I infection per se, and not with viral replication or load. Furthermore, this effect may occur in part via changes in the number and function of lymphocytes and monocytes. Such a mechanism may involve altered cytokine production in carriers and concomitant changes in cell populations involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1994

Intra-arterial chemotherapy using a reservoir for endocrine-refractory prostate cancer.

For local control in patients with endocrine-refractory prostate cancer, an intra-arterial chemotherapy regimen comprising methotrexate (MTX), Adriamycin (ADM), and cisplatin (CDDP) was evaluated. A total of 19 patients having a mean age of 66.4 +/- 8.8 years and a mean performance status (PS) of 1.3 +/- 1.0 were enrolled. Of these patients, 3 had proved to be resistant to initial endocrine therapy and the remaining 16 had relapsed from disease stabilization after endocrine therapy. The catheter tip was placed in the internal iliac artery in 16 cases, in the common iliac artery in 2 cases, and in the aorta in 1 case after occlusion of the contralateral feeding artery. The intraarterial chemotherapy was performed mainly using MTX (30 mg/m2), ADM (30 mg/m2), and CDDP (50 mg/m2) as one course and was repeated for a mean of 2.9 +/- 2.3 courses. Then, in an outpatient clinic, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), ADM, or MTX was given intra-arterially as maintenance chemotherapy until re-relapse. As based on the criteria for evaluation of nonsurgical therapy in prostate cancer proposed by the Japanese Urological Association, the prostatic lesion showed a partial response (PR) in 9 cases and no change (NC) in 10 cases. As judged from the response of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a complete response (CR) was obtained in 6 cases, a PR, in 3 cases; and NC and progressive disease (PD), in 2 cases each. Therefore, the overall response rate was 63%. Improvement in the symptoms was observed in 83% of patients. The duration of the response was 15.1 +/- 10.5 months for the PR cases and 7.4 +/- 5.7 months for the NC cases. Furthermore, the mean survival time observed in the PR group was 38.9 months, which was better than that seen in the NC (16.4 months) and PD (10.5 months) groups. These results suggest that intra-arterial chemotherapy may become an option for the treatment of locally advanced and endocrine-refractory prostate cancers. Using a reservoir, this chemotherapy can be easily given in an outpatient clinic.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1994

Changes in muscarinic cholinergic, PCP, GABAA, D1, and 5-HT2A receptor binding, but not in benzodiazepine receptor binding in the brains of aged rats.

We used in vitro quantitative autoradiography to investigate changes in neurotransmitter receptor binding, including muscarinic cholinergic, PCP, GABAA, benzodiazepine, D1 and 5-HT2A receptor, in the brains of aged rats, compared with such binding in young rats. Scatchard analysis revealed that the maximal number of binding sites for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) in the caudate/putamen and accumbens was significantly decreased in aged rats compared with young rats, while its affinity remained unchanged. The specific binding of [3H]N-(1-[2-thienyl]cyclohexyl)3,4-piperidine (TCP) for the ion channels coupled with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the caudate/putamen and hippocampus was significantly decreased in aged rats compared with young rats. The [3H]muscimol binding in aged rats was decreased in all brain regions examined compared with that in young rats, whereas [3H]flunitrazepam binding was not changed in any brain regions. The [3H]SCH23390 binding for dopamine D1 receptors was significantly increased in the parietal cortex, but decreased in the caudate/putamen and accumbens of aged rats compared with that in young rats. The [3H]ketanserin binding for 5-HT2A receptors in the cortex and accumbens was significantly decreased in aged rats compared with young rats. These results suggest that uneven changes in receptors for various neurotransmitters throughout the brain may be responsible for the decline of brain function in aged rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Prevention of ongoing lipid peroxidation by wound excision and superoxide dismutase treatment in the burned rat.

To determine if wound excision and superoxide dismutase (SOD) treatment prevent ongoing lipid peroxidation after burn injury, the plasma, kidney, and lung lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in 25% total body surface area (TBSA) burned rats was studied. The animals were given intraperitoneal bovine copper-, zinc-SOD (Cu/Zn-SOD) (50,000 U/kg dissolved in saline) or saline immediately after burns and were operated by wound debridement and allograft 2 hours after the burn. We measured LPO levels of 6-hour postburn plasma and tissues by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and measured the manganese SOD (Mn-SOD) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Wound excision alone prevented the increase of plasma LPO levels but could not prevent the increase in tissues. The combination of wound excision and Cu/Zn-SOD treatment markedly inhibited the increase in both plasma and tissue LPO levels after the burn, but did not prevent the increase in Mn-SOD. Wound excision in conjunction with SOD-treatment might be therapeutic in the management of severe burns.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

The roles of catenins in the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion: functional analysis of E-cadherin-alpha catenin fusion molecules.

The carboxyl terminus-truncated cadherin (nonfunctional cadherin) has no cell adhesion activity probably because of its failure to associate with cytoplasmic proteins called alpha and beta catenin. To rescue this nonfunctional cadherin as adhesion molecules, we constructed three cDNAs for fusion proteins between nonfunctional E-cadherin and alpha catenin, nE alpha, nE alpha N, and nE alpha C, where the intact, amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal half of alpha catenin, respectively, were directly linked to the nonfunctional E-cadherin, and introduced them into mouse L cells. The subcellular distribution and cell adhesion activity of nE alpha and nE alpha C molecules was similar to those of intact E-cadherin transfectants: they bound to cytoskeletons, were concentrated at cell-cell adhesion sites and showed strong cell adhesion activity. nE alpha N molecules, which also bound to cytoskeletons, showed very poor cell adhesion activity. Taken together, we conclude that in the formation of the cadherin-catenin complex, the mechanical association of alpha catenin, especially its carboxy-terminal half, with E-cadherin is a key step for the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Close comparison revealed that the behavior of nE alpha molecules during cytokinesis was quite different from that of intact E-cadherin, and that the intercellular motility, i.e., the cell movement in a confluent sheet, was significantly suppressed in nE alpha transfectants although it was facilitated in E-cadherin transfectants. Considering that nE alpha was not associated with endogenous beta catenin in transfectants, the difference in the nature of cell adhesion between nE alpha and intact E-cadherin transfectants may be explained by the function of beta catenin. The possible functions of beta catenin are discussed with a special reference to its role as a negative regulator for the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium from male patients with non-gonococcal urethritis by polymerase chain reaction].

Mycoplasma genitalium causes urethritis in non-human primates, but studies on its pathogenicity in man have been hampered by the difficulty in isolating this oragnism in culture. We have used a specific polymerase chain reaction to examine the role of M. genitalium in non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). Oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify a 281 bp of 140-KDa adhesin gene of M. genitalium. A characteristic PCR product was amplified, when M. genitalium DNA was template for the PCR. No amplified product was detected in Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA, Mycoplasma hominis DNA or other bacterial DNAs. M. genitalium DNA was detected in urethral swabs from 17 (14.9%) of 114 men with NGU. Three (9.1%) of the 33 men with Chlamydia-positive NGU and 14 (17.3%) of the 81 with Chlamydia-negative NGU were positive for M. genitalium DNA, but 29 men without urethritis were negative. The prevalence of M. genitalium in NGU and in Chlamydia-negative NGU was significantly higher than that in the normal control. These findings suggest that M. genitalium would be a cause of NGU.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1994

Effects of kamikihito, a traditional Chinese medicine, on neurotransmitter receptor binding in the aged rat brain determined by in vitro autoradiography: changes in dopamine D1 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor binding.

Using in vitro autoradiography, we investigated the effects of Kamikihito (KKT), a traditional Chinese medicine, on specific [3H]SCH23390 binding to dopamine D1 receptors and [3H]ketanserine binding to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the rat brain. Specific binding of both compounds was affected by aging. Long-term administration of KKT resulted in decreases in [3H]SCH23390 binding to the cortex and hippocampus in aged rats, and in decreases in [3H]ketanserine binding to the caudate/putamen in young rats. These results suggest that the changes in dopamine Di and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor binding may be involved in the central effects of KKT.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Effects of kamikihito, a traditional Chinese medicine, on neurotransmitter receptor binding in the aged rat brain determined by in vitro autoradiography (1): Changes in the [3H]QNB binding.

Using in vitro autoradiography, we investigated the effects of Kamikihito (KKT), a traditional Chinese medicine, on the specific binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) and [3H]N-(1-[2-thienyl]cyclohexyl)-3,4-piperidine (TCP) in the rat brain. The Bmax but not the Kd values for [3H]QNB binding to the caudate/putamen and accumbens in aged rats were lower than those in young rats. The [3H]TCP binding was also decreased in aged rats compared with that in young rats. Long-term administration of KKT modulated the [3H]QNB binding in young but not aged rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Effects of Kamikihito, a traditional Chinese medicine, on neurotransmitter receptor binding in the aged rat brain determined by in vitro autoradiography (2): changes in GABAA and benzodiazepine receptor binding.

We investigated the effects of the long-term administration of Kamikihito (KKT) on the specific binding of [3H]muscimol and [3H]flunitrazepam in the brains of young and aged rats using in vitro quantitative autoradiography. Specific [3H]muscimol binding in aged rats was decreased in all brain regions examined compared with that in young rats, whereas [3H]flunitrazepam binding did not change in any of the brain regions. Scatchard analysis revealed that the maximal number of [3H]muscimol binding sites in the cortex and thalamus was significantly decreased in aged rats compared with young rats, while its affinity remained unchanged. Long-term administration of KKT in young rats had no effect on either [3H]muscimol or [3H]flunitrazepam binding. In contrast, the same treatment in aged rats produced a significant increase in [3H]flunitrazepam binding to the cortex, caudate/putamen and accumbens, and it tended to decrease the [3H]muscimol binding. These results suggest that the selective reduction of specific [3H]muscimol binding in the brain may be responsible, at least in part, for anxiety-related behavior in aged rats. Furthermore, it appears that the significant increase in specific [3H]flunitrazepam binding produced in the brains of aged rats by the long-term administration of KKT may be responsible for the anxiolytic effects of this agent.

Aging↗