Electronic polarizability in a correlated electron system with strong covalency.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
S Ishihara
Publications and source records attributed to S Ishihara.
Pancreatic ischaemic lesions without fat necrosis associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
We examined the primary ischaemic changes in the pancreas in 35 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. In 7 (20%), multiple patchy lesions composed of degenerative acinar cells indicating coagulation necrosis were noted. None of these lesions was accompanied by fat necrosis. The patchy lesions involved the islets of Langerhans in only 1 case. The interlobular arteries of the pancreas near these lesions contained fibrin thrombi in all 7 cases. We suggest that these lesions, without fat necrosis, are the distinctive ischaemic change associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Adult↗
Cytokine gene expression in the gastric mucosa: its role in chronic gastritis.
There have been few studies of cytokine expression in the gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis. In the present study, to elucidate the expression of cytokines in the gastric mucosa and the immunopathological roles played by these cytokines in chronic gastritis, we investigated cytokine gene expression, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, in gastric biopsy specimens obtained from 29 endoscopically normal patients with chronic gastritis. The cytokines examined and the mRNA positivity were: interleukin (IL)-1 beta (21%), IL-2 (0%), IL-3 (7%), IL-4 (41%), IL-5 (17%), IL-6 (53%), IL-8 (98%), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) (69%), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (24%). Although the histological severity of the gastritis was closely associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, the positivities of these cytokine mRNAs did not show a relationship with either H. pylori infection or with histological inflammation. Our findings suggest that the gastric mucosa responds to all exogenous antigens, including H. pylori, in the same fashion immunologically, and that these cytokines do not contribute to the induction of inflammation associated with H. pylori infection.
Female↗
Expression of interferon-alpha receptor mRNA in the liver in chronic liver diseases associated with hepatitis C virus: relation to effectiveness of interferon therapy.
To investigate whether interferon-alpha receptor (IFN-alpha Rc) expression was related to the effectiveness of interferon therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated chronic liver disease (CLD). IFN-alpha Rc mRNA was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in liver biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 40 patients with HCV-associated CLD who subsequently received IFN-alpha therapy. IFN-alpha Rc mRNA in the liver was detected in 18 of 20 (90%) responders to IFN and in 5 of 20 (25%) non-responders (P < 0.01). In PBMCs, IFN-alpha Rc mRNA was detected in all patients regardless of response to IFN. Increased histological hepatitis activity and liver fibrosis were significantly related to the absence of IFN-alpha Rc mRNA. The HCV-RNA genotype showed no significant relationship to IFN-alpha Rc mRNA expression. Our results suggest that IFN-alpha Rc mRNA expression in the liver, but not in PBMCs, is closely associated with the effectiveness of IFN-alpha therapy in HCV-associated CLD.
Antiviral Agents↗
Intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma with mucin hypersecretion and coexistent invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas with apparent topographic separation.
We report a 66-year-old man who had a cystic intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma containing a papillary adenoma, in the head of the pancreas and a coexistent invasive, well differentiated solid tubular adenocarcinoma in the tail of the pancreas. He was hospitalized with acute epigastralgia. Computed tomography demonstrated a multilocular cystic mass in the head of the pancreas and a solid tumor in the tail. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed mucin secretion from an enlarged papilla of Vater, marked dilatation of the main pancreatic duct in the head and body, cystic dilatation of the uncinate branch, and irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct in the tail. Total pancreatectomy was performed. Between the cystic tumor and the solid tumor there was a distance of 4.8 cm of normal pancreatic parenchyma and duct, recognized both grossly and microscopically. The patient died 35 months after the operation. At autopsy, peritonitis carcinomatosa was found in the abdominal cavity. Microscopically, disseminated nodules were also well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. The apparent anatomic separation of these two tumors within the pancreas is extremely unusual.
Aged↗
Estimation of fat absorption with the 13C-trioctanoin breath test after pancreatoduodenectomy or pancreatic head resection.
The aim of this study was to determine if fat absorption is better after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) or duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) compared with that following pancreatoduodenectomy with gastrectomy (SPD), provided the patients have similar pancreatic exocrine function. Fat absorption was studied using the 13C-trioctanoin breath test in patients who were grouped according to the degree of fibrosis of the pancreatic remnant. The latter was judged by histologically measuring the fibrosis in a transectional wedge of resected pancreas. We evaluated 11 SPD cases, 25 PPPD cases, and 9 DPPHR cases. The 13C excretion rates and cumulative excretion values following DPPHR or PPPD were significantly better than those following SPD. The 13C excretion rates and cumulative values for the patients with > 30% fibrosis of the pancreas were lower than those in patients with < 30% pancreatic fibrosis, regardless of the surgical procedure. The cumulative value in the SPD group, however, was lower than that in the PPPD or DPPHR patients with < 30% pancreatic fibrosis. The results suggested that fat absorption following PPPD or DPPHR is superior to that after SPD in patients with the same fibrotic area of the pancreatic remnant and depends on the degree of fibrosis in the pancreatic remnant.
Absorption↗
Blood cyst with a calcium stone originating from the right atrial septum.
Blood cysts of the heart in adults are extremely rare, and their origin is usually from the valvular apparatus. However, a case was encountered of a blood cyst originating from the right atrial septum of a 59-year-old woman. Furthermore the cyst contained calcium stone. The cyst with the stone was Successfully excised. Neither situation has been reported previously in the literature.
Calcium↗
Pontine glioma with osteoblastic skeletal metastases in a child.
BACKGROUND: The development of systemic metastases from primary intracranial gliomas is rare. We report here a rare case of pontine glioma with osteoblastic skeletal metastases. CASE: This 12-year-old boy presented with a 4-month history of hoarseness, dysphagia, and a progressively ataxic gait. Cranial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a brain stem tumor that was diagnosed as a low grade glioma by stereotactic biopsy. Twelve months later following chemotherapy and radiotherapy, neurologic examination and neuroradiologic studies disclosed a recurrence of the pontine glioma. Skeletal roentgenograms revealed widespread osteoblastic metastases in the skull, vertebral bodies, pelvis, and long bones. A specimen from the iliac bone demonstrated cells that were immunoreactive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). DISCUSSION: The mechanism of how glioma cells determine their biologic behavior at bony metastatic sites is not known. Infratentorial gliomas, which occur frequently in young patients and demonstrate active bony metabolism, may stimulate osteoblastic cells, and induce osteoblastic changes.
Bone Neoplasms↗
Phase I study of a carboplatin-cisplatin-etoposide combination chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
Cisplatin (CDDP)-containing chemotherapy has become the mainstay of clinical trials in unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the role of chemotherapy in the routine management of NSCLC remains controversial. We conducted a phase I study with the combination carboplatin (CBDCA), CDDP, and etoposide (Etop) in unresectable NSCLC. CBDCA, at a starting dose of 80 mg/m2, on day 1, was combined with a fixed dose of CDDP (80 mg/m2, day 1) and Etop (80 mg/m2, days 1-3). Escalation was performed after four patients entered at each dose level. If no World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 toxicity developed after the first cycle in more than half of the patients or WHO grade 3/4 toxicity in more than two thirds, the dose was escalated. The maximum tolerated dose was established at 300 mg/m2 for CBDCA. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were the dose-limiting toxicities. No grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities were seen. The recommended dose of CBDCA to be combined with CDDP (80 mg/m2, day 1) and Etop (80 mg/m2, days 1-3) is 280 mg/m2. This trial suggests that our combination chemotherapy may be effective in patients with advanced NSCLC. A multicenter phase II study based on these findings is now under way.
Adult↗
Hepatitis B virus with X gene mutation is associated with the majority of serologically "silent" non-b, non-c chronic hepatitis.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) with X gene mutations has been a putative pathogen of chronic hepatitis without serological markers of known hepatitis viruses. The aim of this study was to reconfirm whether the HBV with the X gene mutation is associated with these serologically "silent" non-B, non-C (NBNC) chronic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). HBV DNA was amplified from serum and sequenced in 30 patients with NBNC chronic hepatitis in comparison with 20 patients with ALD and 5 patients with AIH. HBV DNA was identified in 21 patients (70%) in NBNC chronic hepatitis by nested polymerase chain reaction while only one patient (5%) in ALD and none in AIH showed HBV DNA. Eighteen (85.7%) of the 21 identified HBV DNAs had an identical 8-nucleotide deletion mutation at the distal part of the X region. This mutation affected the core promoter and the enhancer II sequence of HBV DNA and created a translational stop codon which truncated the X protein by 20 amino acids from the C-terminal end. All the HBV DNAs had a precore mutation at the 83rd nucleotide resulting in disruption of HBe antigen synthesis. These results indicate that HBV mutants are closely associated with the majority of serologically "silent" NBNC chronic hepatitis cases and the population of such mutant HBV DNAs is not uniform.
Adult↗
Enhanced engraftment of HTLV-I-infected human T cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice by anti-asialo GM-1 antibody treatment.
The effects of anti-asialo GM-1 antibody (AAGM) treatment on the engraftment of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected human T cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were studied. The frequency of tumor formation in an HTLV-I-transformed human T-cell line, MT-2 cells, at the site of inoculation was significantly higher in AAGM-treated than untreated mice (P<0.05): 16/18 (89%) and 16/26 (62%), respectively. The promotive effect of AAGM treatment on tumor development was marked in the early stage (less than 3 weeks), suggesting that the immediate reaction of natural killers to the inoculated cells may be important for the prevention of tumor development. The surface phenotypes and clonality of the tumor cells were the same as the MT-2 cells inoculated. Inoculation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from one of the 4 adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients resulted in the development of tumors in AAGM-treated SCID mice. However, the surface phenotypes of the cells from these tumors were a mixture of B cells and T cells, suggesting that these tumors consisted of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells and HTLV-I-transformed T cells. In addition, HTLV-I was detected by polymerase chain reaction in various organs of the mice inoculated with PBMC from the ATL patient and the asymptomatic carrier examined. These results suggest that elimination of natural killer function by AAGM treatment is important, although such treatment is not always necessary for the engraftment of HTLV-I-infected cells in SCID mice.
Animals↗
Intrahepatic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs and interferon efficacy in chronic hepatitis C.
To investigate the relationship between intrahepatic cytokine expression and interferon (IFN) response in chronic hepatitis C [CH(C)], interleukin (IL)-1 beta, -2, -4, -6, -8, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF-beta mRNAs were investigated semiquantitatively by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using serial liver biopsies taken before and after IFN-alpha treatment from 24 patients with CH(C), including 12 responders and 12 non-responders. Before IFN treatment, IL-2, TNF-beta, IFN-gamma and IL-8 mRNA were associated with severe hepatitis activity whereas IL-4 mRNA was associated with weak hepatitis activity, regardless of IFN response. IL-2, TNF-beta and IFN-gamma mRNAs were significantly greater in IFN non-responders. After IFN treatment a complete response to IFN was significantly associated with the disappearance of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas non-responders retained the expression of cytokine mRNA as before IFN treatment. Our results indicated that IFN-alpha treatment may modulate the intrahepatic cytokine network, and this may be one mechanism of IFN-alpha that reduces hepatitis activity, aside from an anti-viral effect. A difference in cytokine network may be involved in IFN response in CH(C).
Adult↗
[The effect of recombinant human colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the function of human blood and urinary leukocytes].
To study the function of leukocyte in urinary tract infection (UTI), the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and various osmolarities on the function were studied. The superoxide production of blood leukocytes increased by treatment of G-CSF with its dose dependency. This effect was not observed in urinary leukocytes. This increased function was well preserved even in higher osmotic atmosphere when previously treated by the G-CSF. Therefore, urinary leukocyte activated by G-CSF and migrating from the blood through the tissue may still have its function and work in the patients with UTI.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor↗
Serum tumor necrosis factor in mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis with macroscopic hematuria in children.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (INF)-gamma levels were measured in the sera obtained from 29 patients with IgA glomerulonephritis (IgA GN), 8 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and 12 patients with upper respiratory tract infection (URI) without renal diseases in children. The serum TNF-alpha level of IgA GN was 123.0 +/- 175.4 pg/ml, MCNS was 4.9 +/- 4.0 pg/ml and URI was 10.5 +/- 4.5 pg/ml respectively. The serum TNF-alpha level of IgA GN was significantly higher than those of MCNS and URI. The serum TNF-alpha level of URI was on the high trend compared with that of MCNS, but was not statistically significant. Although the TNF-alpha level was related to mesangial cell proliferation in patients with IgA GN, it was unrelated to the grade of mesangial matrix expansion and magnitude of proteinuria. In 17 patients with IgA GN having macroscopic hematuria, the serum TNF-alpha level was 190.5 +/- 201.6 pg/ml, and in other IgA GN patients with microscopic hematuria it was 37.4 +/- 75.7 pg/ml. The serum TNF-alpha level of IgA GN with macroscopic hematuria was significantly higher than that with microscopic hematuria. In 6 patients with IgA GN with macroscopic hematuria, the serum TNF-alpha level was significantly decreased after macroscopic hematuria disappeared. The mean serum IFN-gamma level of IgA GN was 0.3 +/- 0.6 IU/ml, and MCNS was not detectable. Although the serum IFN-gamma level was related to mesangial cell proliferation in patients with IgA GN, it was unrelated to magnitude of proteinuria, the grade of mesangial matrix expansion and also the presence or absence of macroscopic hematuria. We suggest that macroscopic hematuria of IgA GN was closely related to the serum TNF-alpha level.
Adolescent↗
The production of arthritis in beagles by an immunological reaction to bovine serum albumin.
Arthritis was produced in beagles by the immunological reaction to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Dogs immunized with BSA showed the development of delayed type-hypersensitivity response to BSA and the significant increase in the titer of serum anti-BSA antibodies. The development of arthritis and the increase in a number of nucleated cells in synovial fluid were observed by the injection with BSA into the knee joints of immunized dogs. The synovial membrane of BSA-injected joints revealed a remarkable villous hyperplasia of membrane, and an infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells around vessels, resulting in a lymphoid nodule-like formation. The depositions of IgG and C3 on the surface of the synovial membrane were also observed in BSA-injected joints. Histopathological and immunopathological findings indicated that the immune response to BSA in the knee joints could induce a rheumatoid arthritis like chronic synovitis in dogs.
Animals↗
[Hypersensitivity in the pupil dilation response to a cholinergic antagonist in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome].
In 1994, Scinto et al. reported hypersensitivity in the pupil-dilation response to topical application of a cholinergic antagonist, tropicamide, in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia. Similar tests on Japanese subjects showed significant differences in pupil response between subjects with Alzheimer-type dementia (under age 70 years) and age-matched controls. The present study included 24 patients with early-onset Alzheimer-type dementia, 29 patients with late-onset Alzheimer-type dementia, 15 healthy controls (all spouse of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia), 9 patients with vascular dementia and 5 patients with Down's syndrome. After adapting to semi-darkness (10 lux), a solution of tropicamide (Midrin-P, Santen Co, Ltd) was instilled into the right eye. Pupil diameters were measured every 5 to 10 min, and the maximum pupil diameter for each eye was used in the data analysis. The solution was diluted until the tropicamide concentration reached 0.01%. Pupil diameters were measured, and differences between baseline and maximum pupil diameter were computed. Among 18 patients with early-onset Alzheimer-type dementia (mean age 63.9 years) the pupils dilated by 1.12 +/- 0.52 mm (mean +/- SD) as compared with 0.20 +/- 0.75 mm in 7 age-matched controls (mean age 57.8 years); this difference was significant (T-test, p < 0.05). Correlations between the degrees of pupillary dilation and the scores on the revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale were not significant. These data suggest that in subjects under 70 years of age, the diagnostic methods described by Scinto et al. can be used to distinguish those with Alzheimer-type dementia from those without dementia, but those methods may not be effective in subjects over 70 years of age.
Adult↗
[Leiomyosarcoma of the scrotum: a case report].
A case of leiomyosarcoma of the scrotum is reported. A 44-year-old man referred to our hospital with the complaint of swelling of the left scrotal contents. The lesion was about 3 cm in diameter, isolated from testis, epididymis and spermatic cord. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic and slightly heterogenic area in the lesion. Surgical resection was easily done. Histological examination showed leiomyosarcoma. Adjuvant therapy was not performed. Three years after the resection, he is alive without any sign of recurrence or metastasis.
Adult↗
[Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney in an adult: report of a case].
A case of unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney in a 52-year-old woman is reported. Two abnormal round-like calcifications in left upper quadrant abdomen were found on upper gastrointestinal roentgengraphy for health screening. The computerized tomographic (CT) scan revealed a very small left kidney which was not enhanced and the ring and diffuse calcifications in it. It was not visualized by drip infusion pyelography. Left nephrectomy was performed. The kidney, which was very small, had two cysts the walls of which were calcified. The left ureter and renal vessels were absent. Histological appearance shows typical multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK). Literature is reviewed. However, the therapy for MCDK is still controversial.
Calcinosis↗