Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to S Ishida.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[A survey of awareness among new patients at the department of oral diagnosis and general dentistry].

The purpose of this study is to know the outline of clinical statistics of new patients at the Clinic for Initial Diagnosis/Emergency, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. We examined 1,001 new patients who visited our hospital from 19 October to 8 December 1995. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Our subjects were 1,001 patients, males were 357(35.7%) and females 644(64.3%). The ratio of male to female was 1:1.8. 2. Concerning age distribution, the majorities were in their twenties and fifties in order. 3. 71.5% of patients said it took less than one hour for them to come to our hospital. 4. The rate of introduced patients was 5.5% of all the new patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A significant role of stromal fibroblasts in rapidly progressive dry eye in patients with chronic GVHD.

PURPOSE: To elucidate histopathologic features of the lacrimal gland in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Lacrimal gland specimens from five patients who had dry eye as part of the symptoms of chronic GVHD were examined by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Lacrimal gland specimens from five patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were used as control samples. RESULTS: Lymphocytes, predominantly T cells, were found primarily in the periductal areas of the lacrimal gland from patients with chronic GVHD, whereas B cells were the dominant infiltrating cells in the acinar areas of the lacrimal gland from patients with SS. Notable findings in the lacrimal gland from patients with chronic GVHD were marked fibrosis of the glandular interstitium and an increase in the number of CD34(+) stromal fibroblasts. These findings were more prominent in patients with severe dry eye than in those with mild dry eye. Electron microscopic observations of the lacrimal gland from patients with chronic GVHD revealed that stromal fibroblasts were attached to various inflammatory cells, especially T cells, through primitive or rudimentary contacts. In addition, the presence of a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum in the fibroblasts and newly synthesized collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix indicated an active production of extracellular matrix components. Electron micrographs revealed multilayered and thickened basal laminae of blood vessels, ducts, and lobules in the lacrimal gland of patients with chronic GVHD; however, these observations were infrequently observed in the lacrimal glands of patients with SS. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest substantial differences in the lacrimal gland histopathology of patients with chronic GVHD and SS. In addition, it is likely that stromal fibroblasts are actively involved in the pathogenic process of chronic GVHD in the lacrimal gland by producing excessive extracellular matrix components.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Paraformaldehyde protects of hepatitis C virus particles during ultracentrifugation.

Divergent buoyant densities of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been reported. If the destruction of HCV particles occurs during the ultracentrifugation process to separate fractions with different densities, an accurate evaluation of the HCV buoyant density is difficult. To examine this concern, changes were examined in HCV RNA titer of each density fraction after paraformaldehyde fixation of virus particles in the sera of 9 patients with chronic HCV infection. Serum was treated with 4% paraformaldehyde, and the density fractions were then separated by ultracentrifugation. The HCV RNA titer of each fraction was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and the results were compared with those obtained from the serum without paraformaldehyde fixation. After fixation, the HCV RNA titer was significantly increased in the 1.11-1.14 g/mL fraction (P=0.0018), and decreased in the 1.14-1.17 and 1.17-1.20 g/mL fractions (P=0.0457 and 0.0003, respectively). Using immunogold electron microscopy, it was found that morphologically destroyed HCV particles are present mainly in the 1.17 g/mL fraction of paraformaldehyde-untreated samples, whereas the intact HCV virion particles are present in the 1.12 and 1.14 g/mL fractions of the paraformaldehyde-treated samples. These results suggest that the destruction of HCV virions occurs during the ultracentrifugation process and that paraformaldehyde treatment protects from destruction. It was also considered that the accurate buoyant density of the HCV virion is 1.11-1.14 g/mL. This study describes a useful method for the purification of HCV virions, and provides new insights for elucidating the physicochemical properties of HCV particles.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Differential diagnosis of homocystinuria by urease treatment, isotope dilution and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Homocystinuria types I, II and III are characterized by different etiologies, biochemical abnormalities and therapeutic measures. For this reason, differential diagnosis is critical for effective treatment. We describe here a rapid and simple procedure for establishing a differential diagnosis of the three types of homocystinuria by analyzing the urine of patients. This procedure, which consists of urease treatment, stable isotope dilution and GC-MS, enables a simultaneous quantification of methionine, homocystine, cystine, methylmalonate, orotate, uracil and creatinine. Analysis with this procedure showed that a case of homocystinuria type I, who progressed into transient megaloblastic anemia, secondarily excreted an increased concentration of orotate, which normalized after treatment with folate and vitamin B12. Therefore, the present diagnostic procedure not only enables rapid differential diagnosis of homocystinuria, but also should prove useful for monitoring the disease state and understanding the nutritional condition and therapeutic state of patients, which in turn can be used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Retinoic acid is a negative regulator for the differentiation of cord blood-derived human mast cell progenitors.

We examined the effects of retinoids on the human mast cell development using a serum-deprived culture system. When 10-week cultured mast cells derived from CD34(+) cord blood cells were used as target cells, both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis RA inhibited the progeny generation under stimulation with stem cell factor (SCF) in a dose-dependent manner (the number of progeny grown by SCF plus RA at 10(-7) mol/L was one tenth of the value obtained by SCF alone). The early steps in mast cell development appear to be less sensitive to RA according to the single CD34(+)c-kit(+) cord blood cell culture study. The optimal concentration of RAs also reduced the histamine concentration in the cultured mast cells (3.00 +/- 0.47 pg per cell in SCF alone, 1.44 +/- 0.18 pg per cell in SCF+ATRA, and 1.41 +/- 0.10 pg per cell in SCF+9-cis RA). RT-PCR analyses showed the expression of RARalpha, RARbeta, RXRalpha, and RXRbeta messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in 10-week cultured mast cells. The addition of an RAR-selective agonist at 10(-10) mol/L to 10(-7) mol/L decreased the number of mast cells grown in SCF, whereas an RXR-selective agonist at up to 10(-8) mol/L was inactive. Among RAR subtype selective retinoids used at 10(-9) mol/L to 10(-7) mol/L, only the RARalpha agonist was equivalent to ATRA at 10(-7) mol/L in its ability to inhibit mast cell growth. Conversely, the addition of excess concentrations of a RARalpha antagonist profoundly counteracted the retinoid-mediated suppressive effects. These results suggest that RA inhibits SCF-dependent differentiation of human mast cell progenitors through a specific receptor. (Blood. 2000;95:2821-2828)

Alitretinoin↗
PubMed2000

Ineffective interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C-associated porphyria cutanea tarda, but with a transient decrease in HCV RNA levels.

Many patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) have been reported to be hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers, suggesting that HCV infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of this type of porphyria. In this study, we report a patient with chronic hepatitis C-associated PCT. Therapy with interferon (IFN) transiently decreased HCV RNA levels, but levels of urinary porphyrins and serum transaminases and ferritin remained unchanged. Serum ferritin and urinary porphyrin levels improved after phlebotomy, but this therapy was not effective in improving serum transaminase levels. Although a physiopathological association between HCV infection and PCT has been suggested previously, IFN was not effective in this patient. The transient decrease in HCV RNA levels was a factor independent of porphyrin metabolism.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A new method for quantification of metamorphopsia in patients with epiretinal membrane

Purpose: We have developed a new method for quantification of metamorphopsia and applied it to study distorted vision resulting from epiretinal membrane (ERM).Patients and Methods: We prepared a modified Amsler chart, which was a square grid formed by black lines on a white background with 12 cm on a side and divided into 2-cm quadrants. The patients were asked to trace any straight lines on the chart which appeared irregular or curved. The length of all lines traced by the patients was measured except for the outer frame. The total length of the chart itself was 1.200 mm, but it would appear longer in patients with metamorphopsia. In addition, the severity of metamorphopsia was scored subjectively as follows: 1, absent; 2, slight; 3, mild; 4, moderate; and 5, severe. The relationship of the length to the score and to the visual acuity were analysed. Sixty-three patients with unilateral ERM were examined.Results: The length of the line ranged from 1,200 to 1,259 mm (mean 1,223.3 mm) and was correlated significantly to the score. Conclusions: This method might be applied usefully in evaluating the severity of metamorphopsia and the surgical outcome of eyes with ERM.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Influence of autonomic tone on the filtered QRS duration from signal averaged electrocardiograms in healthy volunteers.

We recently reported that signal averaged electrocardiograms (SAECG) measurements possess a circadian rhythm and are closely related to heart rate or heart rate variability in healthy volunteers. This study determines the influence of autonomic tone on the filtered QRS (f-QRS) duration from SAECG by using pharmacologic autonomic blockade and exercise in healthy volunteers. Eleven healthy male volunteers were studied. Three protocols were designed to study the effects of exercise (Ex) under control conditions, beta adrenergic blockade or double blockade. SAECGs and heart rate variability (LF and HF: low and high frequency power, LF/HF ratio) were determined from Holter recordings. Ex significantly decreased the f-QRS duration and HF and significantly increased heart rate and LF/HF. Ex during beta adrenergic blockade significantly increased heart rate and decreased f-QRS duration and HF, but did not change LF/HF. Ex during double blockade did not affect the f-QRS duration, HF, or LF/HF. The changes in f-QRS duration induced during Ex, autonomic blockade, or both were inversely correlated with changes in heart rate and LF/HF and positively correlated with changes in HF. These data suggest that f-QRS duration in healthy subjects is shortened by Ex with increased sympathetic tone or decreased parasympathetic tone or the combination.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

Importance of OGTT for diagnosing diabetes mellitus based on prevalence and incidence of retinopathy.

Study was made on the necessity and importance of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosing diabetes mellitus based on prevalence and incidence of diabetic retinopathy. Subjects were 12208 persons undergoing OGTT between 1965 and 1997. The prevalence of retinopathy was significantly elevated with FPG>/=126 and 2-h PG>/=198 mg/dl. The incidence of retinopathy was 15-30/10000 person-years (PY) with FPG<125, but with FPG of 126-139 it was significantly higher (69/10000 PY) and at 140-199 mg/dl it was elevated to 139/10000 PY. Subjects were classified at initial test into FPG<110, 110-125, 126-139, and >/=140 and further into 2-h PG<200 and >/=200 mg/dl for comparison with the incidence of retinopathy. Even with the same FPG, the incidence was two- to threefold higher with 2-h PG>/=200 mg/dl, indicating that 2-h PG was highly associated with the incidence of retinopathy. As for IFG, the prevalence of diabetes as defined by 2-h PG>/=200 in the OGTT increased with elevated FPG, and 33.7% of IFG cases showed 2-h PG>/=200 mg/dl. Based on the prevalence and incidence of retinopathy, we conclude that 126 mg/dl FPG is an appropriate cut-off level, and the OGTT is important for diagnosing mild diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Correlation among fasting plasma glucose, two-hour plasma glucose levels in OGTT and HbA1c.

A study was made on the association among 2-h plasma glucose (PG) in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) using correlation and regression equation. Subjects were 13174 OGTT examinees tested between 1980 and 1998. Blood glucose was determined by the glucose oxidase method and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by the HPLC method. As for correlation between 2-h PG and FPG, regression equation of the <60 year group was y=57.1+0.336x (r=0.866, P<0.0001) and that of the >==60 year group was y=61.5+0.286x (r=0.814, P<0. 0001). FPG was calculated at 124.3 in the <60 year group and 118.7 mg/dl in the >==60 year group for 2-h PG of 200 mg/dl, 2-h PG were calculated at 199.5 and 210.7 mg/dl for FPG of 126 mg/dl, respectively. In the <60 year group, FPG were calculated at 121.7 and 124.4 mg/dl and 2-h PG at 193.2 and 199.3 mg/dl for HbA1c of 6.0 and 6.1%, respectively. As for associations between HbA1c and FPG or 2-h PG being high correlation, it is possible to estimate a prevalence of DM in a group using HbA1c>==6.1%. High correlations were demonstrated among all the three measures; FPG, 2-h PG, HbA1c. If 2-h PG is used in diagnosing diabetes mellitus, an FPG of 126 mg/dl proposed by ADA and World Health Organization (WHO) as a diagnostic level of FPG is an acceptable value for the Japanese.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Loss of E2F4 activity leads to abnormal development of multiple cellular lineages.

We have generated mice deficient in E2F4 activity, the major form of E2F in many cell types. Analysis of newborn pups deficient in E2F4 revealed abnormalities in hematopoietic lineage development as well as defects in the development of the gut epithelium. Specifically, we observed a deficiency of various mature hematopoietic cell types together with an increased number of immature cells in several lineages. This was associated with an increased frequency of apoptotic cells. We also found a substantial reduction in the thickness of the gut epithelium that normally gives rise to crypts as well as a reduction in the density of villi. These observations suggest a critical role for E2F4 activity in controlling the maturation of cells in a number of tissues.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2000

E2F4 and E2F5 play an essential role in pocket protein-mediated G1 control.

E2F transcription factors are major regulators of cell proliferation. The diversity of the E2F family suggests that individual members perform distinct functions in cell cycle control. E2F4 and E2F5 constitute a defined subset of the family. Until now, there has been little understanding of their individual biochemical and biological functions. Here, we report that simultaneous inactivation of E2F4 and E2F5 in mice results in neonatal lethality, suggesting that they perform overlapping functions during mouse development. Embryonic fibroblasts isolated from these mice proliferated normally and reentered from Go with normal kinetics compared to wild-type cells. However, they failed to arrest in G1 in response to p16INK4a. Thus, E2F4 and E2F5 are dispensable for cell cycle progression but necessary for pocket protein-mediated G1 arrest of cycling cells.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Inter-ictal and post-ictal psychoses in frontal lobe epilepsy: a retrospective comparison with psychoses in temporal lobe epilepsy.

There have been few studies of the psychopathology of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). The majority of studies of both inter-ictal and post-ictal psychoses have strongly suggested the influence of temporal lobe disturbance on psychoses. Patients with organic brain damage or schizophrenia, however, sometimes show frontal lobe dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to better understand the effect, if any, of frontal lobe disturbance and seizure on psychopathology. Patients were divided into four groups based on epilepsy type and preceding seizures; 8 with FLE/inter-ictal psychosis, 3 with FLE/post-ictal psychosis, 29 with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)/inter-ictal psychosis, and 8 with TLE/post-ictal psychosis. Psychopathologic symptoms were retrospectively reviewed based on case notes, using a modified brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). Psychomotor excitement, hostility, suspiciousness, and hallucinatory behaviour were prominent features in all four groups. Six orthogonal factors were derived by factor analysis from the original data based on the 18 BPRS items. FLE patients with inter-ictal psychosis showed marked hebephrenic characteristics (i.e. emotional withdrawal and blunted effect). Our findings suggest that patients with FLE can exhibit various psychiatric symptoms. However, their psychotic symptoms, hebephrenic symptoms in particular, may often be overlooked.

Adult↗