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Biomedical subjects

S Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to S Ishida.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A curious histamine-sensitizing activity shown by the newly-developed Japanese acellular pertussis vaccine.

A new acellular pertussis vaccine, whose official name is "Precipitated Purified Pertussis Vaccine" (PPV), was prescribed in the Japanese Minimum Requirements for Biological Products in 1981. The PPV is composed of partially detoxified fractions of pertussis cells. The histamine-sensitizing (HS) activities of PPV vaccines are less than those of killed whole pertussis cell vaccines (WPV) produced in Japan until 1980, when the histamine challenge was carried out in mice on day four after injection. It was found that when the histamine challenge day was delayed that the HS activities of some lots of PPV gradually increased from those estimated on day four after injection of PPV and reached the maximum in about 12 days, while the activity of the reference whole cell pertussis vaccine reached the maximum several days after injection and then gradually decreased. Hereafter, HS activities of test materials estimated on days four and 12 after injection are referred to as early HS (EHS) and late HS (LHS) activities, respectively. Since LHS activity of the reference whole cell vaccine is lower than its EHS activity and the reverse is true with many lots of PPV, it is often observed that the EHS activity of PPV according to the Japanese requirement for PPV, ranges from 0.02 to 2.0 HSU whereas activities of some lots of PPV were estimated at 5.0 to 25.0 HSU. The relationship of the detoxifying process to EHS and LHS activities was studied with bulk materials, which were used for the purification procedure but prior to the detoxification process for the production of PPV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Determination of nicotinic acid in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A sensitive method for the determination of nicotinic acid in serum is described which employs high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Nicotinic acid and 2-chloronicotinic acid as an internal standard in deproteinized serum are reacted with N,N'-dicyclohexyl-O-(7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)methylisourea in acetone to give the corresponding fluorescent 4-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxycoumarin esters. The compounds are separated by reversed-phase chromatography on LiChrosorb RP-18 with isocratic elution using aqueous acetonitrile containing a small amount of sodium 1-hexanesulphonate as a mobile phase. The detection limit of nicotinic acid in serum was 0.2 nmol/ml. The method requires only 100 microliters of serum.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1984

Restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis of herpes simplex virus isolates obtained from three pairs of siblings.

Cleavage of herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cell DNA with restriction endonucleases showed that profiles of paired isolates obtained from three groups of siblings were essentially identical. This finding is different from that for profiles of other paired isolates that are epidemiologically unrelated. One set of paired isolates of the three had completely identical profiles. However, two other sets of paired isolates yielded minor heterogeneity in fragments derived from the regions spanning the unique repeat junction and repeated regions of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome. This suggests that the regions of the herpes simplex virus genome are variable during viral DNA replication. This finding also supports the hypothesis that the same variants tend to be transmitted and thereafter perpetuate within a family cluster.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Oncocytic adenocarcinoma of the ovary.

A case of ovarian adenocarcinoma mainly composed of oncocytes was studied by light and electron microscopy. Oncocytes, characterized by granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm by light microscopy possessed numerous mitochondria at the ultrastructural level. These oncocytes were classified into two types: typical and condensed oncocytes. Typical oncocytes seemed to be active, whereas condensed oncocytes were thought to be involved in a degenerative process. The two types of cells showed a close similarity to oncocytes in other organs (e.g., thyroid, parathyroid and salivary glands). This appears to be the first report of an ovarian oncocytic tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

The quantitative determination of the paw-swelling activity of pertussis vaccine with special reference to its responsible toxic components.

A method has been developed for quantitative determination of the early appearing mouse paw swelling activity of pertussis vaccine. Mice were inoculated with the vaccine into the left hind paws. The difference in the thicknesses between the inoculated and the uninoculated paws was taken as the swelling response in 16 hr after inoculation. It was transformed into logarithm as a response metameter. A linear log dose-log response regression line was obtained over a relatively wide range of doses of the vaccine. No deviation from parallelism was significant among the regression lines of different vaccines tested. The swelling activities relative to that of a reference vaccine of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus combined (DPT) vaccines recently produced in Japan were determined. The relative activities ranged from 0.6 to 2.5, being twice the mean width of the 95% confidence interval of the relative activity. Further experiments showed that the activity significantly correlated with endotoxin and histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) but not with lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF). In addition, the multiple regression analysis of such relationship suggested that the swelling activity is accounted for by the combined action of endotoxin and HSF. A model experiment with a mixture of the two toxins supported this conclusion.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

Cell differentiation in a temperature-sensitive stalkless mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum.

A temperature-sensitive aggregateless and stalkless mutant was isolated from Dictyostelium discoideum NC-4. The mutant cells cannot aggregate at 27 degrees C, but aggregate and form normal fruiting bodies at 21 degrees C. When the temperature was shifted to 27 degrees C after aggregation at 21 degrees C, almost all of the cells in the aggregate differentiated into spores. Neither stalk cells nor stalk tubes formed at 27 degrees C. Inhibition of stalk formation was not lifted by addition of cyclic AMP. Nevertheless, the proportion of prespore to total cells within the mutant slugs was normal, at both 21 degrees C and 27 degrees C. At 27 degrees C, a slug was transformed into a spherical cell mass at the end of migration, within which pre-existing prespore cells differentiated into spores. The remaining prestalk cells were then converted to prespore cells which later became spores. As the cell-type conversion continued, formation of a spore mass resulted. The development of the mutant is thus consistent with the idea that the presumptive cell differentiation is directly related to the terminal cell differentiation. During migration at 27 degrees C, the number of prestalk cells decreased in the anterior part of the slug but instead increased at the foot or the rear part, whereas the prestalk-prespore pattern remained normal at 21 degrees C. The fact that a normal proportion of prespore cells was maintained in spite of their deranged distribution at 27 degrees C indicates that the regulation of proportion is independent of the formation of pattern.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1982

Induction of immunological tolerance to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA.

Single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA were conjugated with the copolymers of d-glutamic acid and d-lysin (d-GL). Administration of ss-DNA-d-GL conjugates to C3H/H3 and NZB/W F1 mice could render the mice tolerant to both direct and indirect anti-ss-DNA antibody-forming cell responses, irrespective of their immune status. Repeated administration of ss-DNA- or ds-DNA-d-GL conjugates decreased the levels of anti-ss-DNA and anti-ds-DNA antibody titres and reduced the occurrence of ss-DNA and ds-DNA antibody-forming cells even in old female NZB/W F1 mice that had already developed an autoimmune state with lupus nephritis. The unresponsiveness was DNA-specific, and the state of tolerance was stable in vitro at the cellular level after the removal of the tolerogen. This tolerance model would be useful in analysing the regulatory mechanisms in anti-ss-DNA nd anti-ds-DNA antibody production, and application of this kind of therapy in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus is suggested.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetic studies of AD-810, a new antiepileptic compound. Phase I trials.

Pharmacokinetics of 3-sulfamoylmethyl-1,2-benzisoxazole (AD-810), a new possible antiepileptic compound, were evaluated in Phase I trials in nine healthy male volunteers. The subjects, divided into three groups, were given single oral dose of 200 mg (Group A), and oral doses of 200 mg/d (B) and 400 mg/d (C) for two d, respectively. AD-810 was well tolerated by all subjects. No neurologic side effects were observed. Evaluation of the laboratory screening profiles (hematological and biochemical examination) showed no clinically significant abnormalities. Mean peak plasma concentrations of AD-810 at 5.3-6.0 h after intake were 2.9, 5.1 and 13.0 micrograms/ml in Group A, B and C, respectively, and mean elimination half-life was about 60 h. Mean concentrations of AD-810 in erythrocytes were higher than those in plasma. The unchanged AD-810 and a major metabolite, the glucuronide of the N-O cleft compound, were excreted at 48.7% and 12.4% of the given dose in the urine for 2 weeks in Group C, respectively. The results suggest that AD-810 would induce no severe adverse effects in man at plasma concentrations over 10 micrograms/ml, the therapeutic concentrations predicted from animal experiments.

Adult↗