Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Inouye

Publications and source records attributed to S Inouye.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Preliminary crystallographic data for protein S, a development-specific protein of Myxococcus xanthus.

Protein S, which is produced only during the developmental cycle of Myxococcus xanthus, has been crystallized using 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as a precipitating agent. The crystals were very stable in the x-ray beam for up to 150 h and diffracted to a resolution of 2.2 A. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 52.99 A, b = 60.10 A, and c = 102.16 A. Each asymmetric unit consists of two monomers of Protein S, each having a molecular weight of 23,000.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1980

Development of Stigmatella aurantiaca: effects of light and gene expression.

Stigmatella aurantiaca, a gliding, gram-negative bacterium, exhibits complex developmental changes upon starvation. In the light the cells aggregate and develop multicellular fruiting bodies with stalks and sporangia within 20 h. Between 23 and 27 h, sonication-resistant myxospores are synchronously formed inside the sporangia. On the other hand, in the dark, the cells aggregate and differentiate into myxospores between 13 and 27 h without forming stalks and sporangia. The pattern of protein synthesis during development in the light as well as in the dark was investigated. Three periods of synthesis, characterized by sharp increases and decreases in the rate of isotope incorporation into certain proteins, were distinguished. In the light these periods corresponded approximately to an early stage before the formation of aggregates, a middle period during which aggregates appeared and developed into fruiting bodies, and a late stage that corresponded to the appearance of myxospores. The pattern of protein synthesis in the dark could also be divided into three stages, but the middle stage was considerably shorter than in the light and showed diminished synthesis of certain proteins that were actively synthesized in the light. In particular, the synthesis of one protein was detected only in samples that developed in the light.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1980

Physical and functional mapping of RP4-TOL plasmid recombinants: analysis of insertion and deletion mutants.

Cleavage sites for the restriction endonucleases XhoI, BamHI, HindIII, and EcoRI were mapped on the pTN2 plasmid, a recombinant of TOL and RP4, which specifies the toluene-degrading enzymes in the same way as the wild-type TOL plasmid. The pTN2 plasmid, purified from a strain of Escherichia coli, contained the entire length of the RP4 plasmid (about 54 kilobase pairs [kb]) and the TOL segment (about 56 kb). The TOL segment is inserted at about 12 and 5 kb away from the EcoRI and BamHI cleavage sites of RP4, respectively. Cleavage sites for XhoI, BamHI, HindIII, and EcoRI were also mapped on an insertion mutant, pTN1, and two deletion mutants, pTN81 and pTN9. Analysis of pTN81 and pTN9 allowed estimation of the region of the gene cluster for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, as well as the region required for toluate oxygenase activity. Induction of TOL enzymes directed by pTN1 suggested the location and orientation of transcription of the gene cluster for catechol 2,3-oxygenase, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase. Analysis of strains carrying both pTN9 and a xylR mutant of the TOL plasmid demonstrated that xylR+ is trans dominant over xylR.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1980

Patterns of protein production in Myxococcus xanthus during spore formation induced by glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and phenethyl alcohol.

Spore formation of Myxococcus xanthus can occur not only on agar plates during fruiting body formation, but also in a liquid culture by simply adding glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or phenethyl alcohol to the culture. This chemically-induced spore formation occurs synchronously and much faster than that occurring during fruiting body formation. Dramatic changes in patterns of protein synthesis were observed during chemically-induced spore formation, as had previously been observed during fruiting body formation (Inouye et al., Dev. Biol. 68:579-591, 1979). However, the production of protein S, one of the major development-specific proteins during fruiting body formation, was not detected at all, although protein U, another development-specific protein, was produced in a late stage of spore formation as in the case of fruiting body formation. This indicates that the control of the gene expression during chemically-induced spore formation is significantly different from that during fruiting body formation. It was also found that during spore formation, every cell seems to have a potential to form a spore regardless of its age, since smaller cells as well as larger cells separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation could equally form spores upon the addition of glycerol. Patterns of protein synthesis were almost identical for all the three chemicals. However, the final yield of spores was significantly different depending upon the chemicals used. When phenethyl alcohol was added with glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide, the final yields were determined by the multiple effect of the two chemicals added. This suggests that although these chemicals are able to induce the gene functions required for spore formation, they may have inhibitory effects on some of the gene functions or the processes of spore formation.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1980

SF-1771, a new antibiotic related to bleomycin.

A new antibiotic, substance SF-1771, has been isolated for the fermentation broth of Streptomyces toyocaensis SF-1771. The antibiotic is highly active against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and effective against sarcoma 180 cells of ascites type in mice. It belonged to the phleomycin-bleomycin group antibiotics, but has been differentiated from the known antibiotics by the physiochemical properties, chromatographic behaviors and amino acid analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

SF-1961, a new antibiotic related to bleomycin.

A new type of bleomycin group antibiotic, SF-1961 was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces species. SF-1961 possessed beta-amino-beta-(4-amino-6-carboxypyrimidin-2-yl)-propionic acid instead of its 5-methyl derivative which was a common component of bleomycins and phleomycins.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

gamma-Chloronorvaline, a leucine analog from Streptomyces.

gamma-Chloronorvaline (AL-719) and gamma-hydroxynorvalinelactone (AL-719Y) were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces griseosporeus AL-719. Physico-chemical studies led to the structure elucidation of AL-719 and 719Y, with there respective configurations of (2S, 4S) and (2S, 4R). AL-719 shows antibacterial activity on a synthetic agar, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was reversed by L-leucine. The producing strain AL-719 was characterized.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Modifications of a macrolide antibiotic midecamycin. II. Reaction of midecamycin and 9-acetylmidecamycin with dimethylsulfoxide and acetic anhydride.

Treatment of 9,2'-diacetylmidecamycin (2) with DMSO and acetic anhydride afforded 3''-methylthiomethyl derivative (3) preferably in the presence of pyridine. Reaction of midecamycin (1) with DMSO and acetic anhydride gave 2'-acetyl-9-dehydro-3''-methylthiomethyl derivative (9) indicating that the three hydroxyl groups reacted in a different way to the reagent. When compound 2 was reacted with DMSO and acetic anhydride in the presence of CCl4, 3''-acetoxymethyl derivative (13) was a major product, which was formed via 3 through the Pummerer rearrangement. The structures of 3, 9 and 13 were confirmed by examining NMR and mass spectra of these compounds and their deuterio analogue. They showed antimicrobial spectra similar to 1 but superior in vivo activity.

Acetic Anhydrides↗
PubMed1980

Studies on a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, dactimicin. I. Producing organism and fermentation.

The producing organism of a new antibiotic, dactimicin, is described. The presence of finger-shaped sporangia bearing motile spores, the absence of aerial mycelium and its cell wall of type II, ascribe this organism to the genus Dactylosporangium. The cultural and physiological features distinguish this organism from all the described Dactylosporangium species. Therefore, it is considered to be a new species for which the name Dactylosporangium matsuzakiense sp. nov. is proposed. Fermentation of dactimicin is also described.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1979

Biosynthesis and self-assembly of protein S, a development-specific protein of Myxococcus xanthus.

Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative bacterium that has a complex life cycle including a temporal sequence of cellular aggregation, mound formation, and myxosporulation. During development, protein S (molecuar weight 23,000) is induced and accumulates in very large amounts. Protein S was found in the soluble fraction of early developmental extracts and in the insoluble fraction in later extracts. This insoluble form of protein S can be solubilized by the addition of 1 M NaCl at 0 degrees C to extracts from aggregated cells (mound stage) or by the addition of 1 M NaCl at 30 degrees C to mature spores. Salt extraction (1 M NaCl) of protein S from mature spores was partially inhibited by the addition of Mg(2+) and almost completely inhibited by the addition of Ca(2+). The viability of spores was not changed by a salt extraction that removed their protein S. Examination of thin sections of mature spores and extracted spores by electron microscopy suggested that the protein S-deficient spores lacked a spore surface coat about 300 A thick. Purified protein S will spontaneously self-assemble onto protein S-deficient spores after removal of the NaCl by dialysis or by addition of 10 mM Ca(2+) to undialyzed samples. Glycerol-induced spores did not contain protein S and did not serve as primers for assembly of protein S. Quantitation of the self-assembly process showed almost stoichiometric binding of protein S to the protein S-deficient spores until saturation at 3.3 x 10(6) molecules per spore, a value 1.35 times higher than the normal level of proteins S found in mature spores. Protein S in the "reconstituted" spores was as protease resistant and sonication resistant as the protein S of native spores. Electron microscopy of the reconstituted spores revealed the assembly of new material on the spore surface. Adjacent spores were sometimes observed to be fused to each other through a common protein S layer. These results suggest that protein S serves a function in spore-spore interaction in the fruiting body.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Antigenicity and polypeptide composition of native and heated echovirus type 7 procapsids.

The native procapsid (naturally occurring empty capsid) of echovirus type 7 (E7) possesses N-antigenicity, which is as highly strain-specific as the native virion. When the native procapsid is heated, its antigenicity is converted to H-antigenicity which is common among strains of E7 and thus type-specific. However, no difference was detected in the sedimentation rate (80S) and polypeptide composition (VP0, 1 and 3) of the native and heated procapsids.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Complement-fixing immunoglobulin M antibody response in patients with infantile gastroenteritis.

Complement-fixing immunoglobulin M antibody to infantile gastroenteritis virus (a rotavirus) was detected with highest sensitivity when the antibody-antigen-complement mixture was incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h prior to the addition of sensitized sheep erythrocytes. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of sera collected sequentially from four patients after infection detected 19S complement-fixing antibody up to 5 weeks, with highest titers at 1 week, after the onset of illness. Treatment of the whole sera with 2-mercaptoethanol decreased complement-fixing titers only up to 2 weeks after onset of illness.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Studies on Actinomycetales producing antibiotics only on agar culture. I. Screening, taxonomy and morphology-productivity relationship of Streptomyces halstedii, strain SF-1993.

Soil Actinomycetales that produce antibiotics during growth on agar but not in submerged culture were searched for and about 25 strains were obtained. One of these, Streptomyces halstedii, strain SF-1993, which produces an antibiotic designated SF-1993 was studied taxonomically and morphologically. The antibiotic-productivity of strain SF-1993 was correlated with mycelial morphology. The vegetative mycelium was filamentous in antibiotic-producing agar cultures, but fragmented in non-producing submerged cultures. By maintaining submerged cells filamentous, production of antibiotic in the submerged fermentations was accomplished. Filamentation was maintained by the use of diluted media or non-fragmented mutant substrains.

Agar↗