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Biomedical subjects

S Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to S Inoue.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Inhibitory effects of polyethers on human immunodeficiency virus replication.

We examined the inhibitory activities of 10 polyether antibiotics on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. These compounds caused concentration-dependent inhibition of HIV replication in primary infected cultures of human T-lymphoblastoid H9 cells. The ratio of 50% effective concentrations for cellular cytotoxicity (MTT assay) to antiviral activity (reverse transcriptase assay) was over 5. Anti-HIV activity was also observed in cultures of monocytic lineage U937 cells chronically infected with HIV.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment with percutaneous ethanol injection and transcatheter arterial embolization.

The therapeutic effectiveness of a new combination therapy--pretreatment with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and subsequent percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)--for solitary large (> 3.0 cm in diameter) primary hepatocellular carcinoma lesions was compared with that of TAE alone. With TAE alone, a partial response of the tumor was seen in only 10% of the patients, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were calculated to be 68%, 37%, and 0%, respectively. Histologic examination of specimens obtained at hepatectomy showed that TAE alone caused complete necrosis in only 20% of the tumors. In contrast, PEI combined with TAE significantly (P < .05) increased the partial response rate (45%) and significantly (P < .01) prolonged the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates (100%, 85%, and 85%, respectively). Combination therapy caused complete histologic necrosis in 83% of the tumors. It also was significantly (P < .05) better than TAE alone in terms of rate of primary tumor recurrence during follow-up.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Role of vagus nerve in increased DNA synthesis after hypothalamic ventromedial lesions in rat liver.

We recently reported that ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions produced an increase in DNA content in rat liver. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of increased hepatic DNA content produced by VMH lesions. Hepatic DNA content began to increase 3 days after VMH lesioning and continued to increase until 7 days after the lesioning. Hepatic DNA synthesis increased and reached maximum 3 days after the lesioning and then decreased to the initial level 7 days after lesioning. The increased DNA content and synthesis after VMH lesioning were completely inhibited by vagotomy (hepatic vagotomy or bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy) and largely inhibited by the administration of atropine but not by administration of anti-insulin antibody. These results suggest that vagus firing produced by VMH lesions stimulates DNA synthesis in rat liver mainly through cholinergic receptor mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Superoxide production by liver macrophages in a septic rat model--relation to arterial ketone body ratio.

The relationship between superoxide production by liver macrophages and arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR), which reflects the oxidation-reduction state in the mitochondrial compartment of hepatocytes, was studied in rats with lethal and sublethal septicemia induced by intravenous injection of live Escherichia coli 014. In the sublethal model, AKBR decreased transiently (p < 0.01) and superoxide production by isolated liver macrophages increased significantly after opsonized zymosan (OZ) stimulation (p < 0.05). On the other hand, in the lethal model, AKBR decreased markedly (p < 0.01) to below 0.4 without recovery, and superoxide production was not activated by OZ stimulation. Thus, when AKBR decreases to an irreversible level, below about 0.4, superoxide production by liver macrophages is impaired, while as long as AKBR remains reversible, more than about 0.4, it is enhanced. It is suggested that superoxide production by the Kupffer cells is related to the intrahepatic oxidation-reduction state in the septic model.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1992

Acute transverse myelitis in a 15-month-old girl: report of a case with MRI findings.

A 15-month-old girl demonstrated progressive weakness in all limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on admission revealed (1) diffuse and symmetric cervical cord swelling, (2) diffuse decrease and increase in signal intensity within the affected cord on T1- and T2-weighted images, respectively, (3) preserved anatomic structure of gray and white matter of the cord, and (4) lack of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhancing effect. She showed rapid clinical improvement in response to steroid therapy, and repeat MRI showed marked reduction in the degree of cord swelling and abnormal signal intensity. Based on the above clinical and MRI findings, the diagnosis of acute transverse myelitis was made. Although various pathologic conditions also could produce similar cord swelling and abnormal signal intensity on MRI, the third and fourth findings mentioned above suggested that the lesion was inflammatory rather than neoplastic. Our case indicates that MRI may be informative in differentiating acute transverse myelitis from other intramedullary disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycan in basement membrane by side chain staining with cuprolinic blue as compared with core protein labeling with immunogold.

We localized heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in the basement membranes of ciliary epithelium and plantar epidermis, using Cuprolinic blue to stain its side chains and an immunogold procedure to detect its core protein. In accord with most of the literature, staining with Cuprolinic blue in glutaraldehyde fixative yielded three to five times as many reaction products along the two surfaces than along the center of the lamina densa, whereas immunogold labeling for the core protein after formaldehyde fixation yielded about twice as many gold particles over the center than along the surfaces of the lamina densa. It therefore appeared that HSPG side chains predominated outside, and the core protein within, the lamina densa. To find out whether the discrepancy was true or was an artifact caused by differences in processing, we attempted to combine the two approaches on the same material. This was found possible when Cuprolinic blue was used in formaldehyde fixative, embedding was in LR White, and immunogold labeling was performed on thin sections as usual. Under these conditions, both Cuprolinic blue reaction products and immunogold particles predominated over the lamina densa in the two basement membranes under study. Moreover, evidence was present that reaction products and immunogold particles either overlapped each other or were closely associated. The lens capsule (a thick basement membrane) also showed their co-localization. The discrepancy initially observed between side chains and core protein location was attributed to differences in processing, since Cuprolinic blue staining had been carried out in the course of glutaraldehyde fixation whereas immunogold labeling was done after formaldehyde fixation. The results lead to two conclusions. First, processing differences may alter the localization of HSPG and possibly other proteoglycans. Second, both HSPG side chains and core protein are localized in the same sites within basement membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Increasing aromatase cytochrome P-450 level in human placenta during pregnancy: studied by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450arom) using a specific polyclonal antiserum (PAb R-8-2). We compared catalytic activity, as detected by the tritiated water assay, and tissue levels of P-450arom, as detected by the specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in placental samples from early pregnancy to term. Immunostaining and subsequent detection by light and electron microscopy demonstrated that P-450arom is localized in the microvilli and endoplasmic reticulum of the syncytiotrophoblasts of the chorionic villi, but is not present in the mitochondria, nuclei, or cytotrophoblasts at any time during gestation. The P-450arom concentration and aromatase activity were greater in the microsomal fraction than in the mitochondrial fraction or total homogenate at each gestational stage and increased linearly as pregnancy progressed. However, the specific activity of P-450arom was comparable among subcellular fractions in each gestational period. These results suggest that the nature and localization of P-450arom are unchangeable, and the P-450arom concentration increases during pregnancy. It appears that the aromatase detected in the mitochondrial fraction is a contamination of microsomal aromatase, and the increase in aromatase activity can be attributed to an increase in the number of P-450arom molecules rather than an increase in the catalytic ability of each molecule.

Aromatase↗
PubMed1992

Dihydrotestosterone accumulation in genital skin fibroblasts derived from elderly men with prostatic hyperplasia.

The conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5 alpha-reductase and the interconversion between DHT and 5 alpha-Androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) by 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3 alpha-HSOR) were studied in fibroblasts derived from the genital skin of 15 prepubertal boys (2-10 yr), 17 young men (20-40 yr), 13 elderly men (60-78 yr) without clinically evident prostatic pathology, and 17 elderly men (61-88 yr) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Respective DHT formations from testosterone (5 alpha-reduction) and 3 alpha-diol (3 alpha-HSOR oxidation) were not different among genital skin fibroblasts of the 4 groups. However, DHT degradation to 3 alpha-diol (3 alpha-HSOR reduction) was significantly lower in fibroblasts from elderly men with BPH than in those from the prepubertal boys (P less than 0.01), the young men (P less than 0.01), and the elderly men without BPH (P less than 0.05). 3 beta-HSOR reduction in fibroblasts of the BPH group was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in those of the elderly men without BPH; however, it did not differ from values for the prepubertal boys and the young men. (3 alpha + 3 beta)-HSOR reduction was also significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the BPH group than respective values of the three other groups. These results indicate that DHT accumulation may occur in genital skin fibroblasts from elderly men with BPH, resulting from a shift in the overall balance of androgen metabolism, which favors the net formation of DHT.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of Listeria (spp.) in wild rats captured in the Kanto area of Japan.

In the Kanto area a total of 245 wild rats were captured. All rats captured in Ikebukuro (110 rats) and 9 out of 41 rats in Yokohama were Rattus rattus, and all other 126 rats were Rattus norvegicus. In Kashima and Ikebukuro, listeria was isolated from 28 rats (77.8%) and 27 rats (24.5%), respectively, but in the other 4 areas listeria was isolated from 0-7% rats. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 12 rats (10.9%) captured in Ikebukuro and 2 rats in Kashima and Numazu. The frequent isolation of L. monocytogenes in buildings suggests the possibility of R. rattus as a reservoir of L. monocytogenes and the continual environmental contamination in buildings by L. monocytogenes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Color Doppler sonography of hepatocellular carcinoma before and after treatment by transcatheter arterial embolization.

Color Doppler sonographic findings on 38 lesions in 31 patients who had primary hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated before and after transcatheter arterial embolization and compared with dynamic CT and hepatic arteriographic findings. All lesions that were observed with dynamic CT or arteriography were correctly identified on color Doppler sonography. Peritumoral pulsatile flow was the predominant color Doppler flow seen in all lesions. Mixed pulsatile and continuous flow were noted in larger tumors and in tumors with a higher degree of vascularity, as determined by arteriography. Two weeks after treatment, color Doppler flow was still identified in 18 lesions (47%), corresponding to dynamic CT or arteriographic findings documenting residual tumor. Histopathologic examination, performed in 10 other lesions, showed that the tumor was completely necrotic in five. These five necrotic tumors were not visible on color Doppler flow images after treatment. Viable tumor was observed in the five remaining lesions, all of which were shown on color Doppler flow images after treatment. During the 6- to 16-month follow-up period, color Doppler flow images showed recurrence of 13 (50%) of 26 lesions, corresponding to tumor recurrence as shown by CT and arteriography. We conclude that color Doppler sonography is useful for imaging hepatocellular carcinoma, for evaluating residual tumor after treatment, and for imaging tumor recurrence during follow-up.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Quality of the life in hypertensive outpatients].

In order to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in hypertensive outpatients, we selected 78 patients with hypertension of various degrees of severity (WHO Classification I: 29 cases, II: 15, III: 34), 59 not ill healthy persons (N1) and 22 normotensive outpatients (N2) aged at 50 years and over, using the self-completed questionnaire (QUIK) which we developed. QUIK covers four domains including physical functioning (20 questions), emotional adjustment (10), interpersonal relationships (10) and attitudes toward life (10) totaling 50 questions. In this study the internal consistency of QUIK was alpha = 0.95 by the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 and it's repeatability was r = 0.89 by the Spearman-Brown formula. The QOL in hypertensive outpatients was definitely worse in terms of total score (N1 5.1 +/- 4.4 vs WHO II 9.3 +/- 7.2 and III 12.1 +/- 5.6, p < 0.05), for physical functioning (N1 2.5 +/- 2.1 vs WHO I 3.7 +/- 2.8, II 4.7 +/- 3.8, III 5.4 +/- 2.8 p < 0.05), for emotional adjustment (N1 1.2 +/- 1.4 vs WHO III 2.3 +/- 1.7, p < 0.01), for interpersonal relationships (N1 0.8 +/- 1.3 vs WHO III 1.6 +/- 1.5, p < 0.01) and for attitudes toward life (N1 0.7 +/- 1.2 vs WHO III 2.7 +/- 2.0 p < 0.01). The total QUIK score increased according to the severity of symptoms (WHO I 5.8 +/- 4.4, WHO II 9.3 +/- 7.2 and WHO III 12.1 +/- 5.6), respectively. The total score of WHO I was significantly lower compared with that of WHO III (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra].

A rare case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra is presented. A 70-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of dysuria and pollakisuria on January 26, 1990. In spite of medication of cholinergic agents, urinary retention developed on April 6, 1990. Cystoscopy revealed elevation of the urethra and bladder neck. Physical examinations disclosed a child-head-sized tumor in the lower abdomen, which persisted following catheterization. Excretory urogram showed a large retrovesical mass. Chain urethrocystogram revealed anterior dislocation of the bladder neck and the proximal portion of the urethra. CT scan and MRI demonstrated a fluid-filled pelvic mass, which positioned above the vagina and compressed the urinary bladder anteriorly. Total hysterectomy was performed on August 6, 1990. Pathological diagnosis was tuberculous endometritis. Urinary symptoms disappeared immediately after the operation. Postoperative chain urethrocystography revealed complete cure of the dislocation of the bladder neck and urethra. We collected 34 cases of urinary retention due to gynecological disease in Japan, and 110 cases in English literature. Among the frequent diseases were retroverted gravid uterus, prolapse uteri, uterine leiomyomas, ovarian cyst, imperforated hymen and vaginal atresia. The mechanisms of urinary retention in gynecological disease are discussed. No case of urinary retention due to tuberculous pyometra was found in the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Possible pathogenesis of giant negative T and negative U waves in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of two cases].

Giant negative T (GNT) and negative U (NU) waves are electrocardiographic findings which have been frequently observed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Here we report 2 cases. For the first patient, electrocardiographic and left ventriculographic studies before and after the development of GNT and NU waves and left ventricular high voltage during the follow-up period were performed. For the second patient, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings were obtained before and after onset of posterior myocardial infarction. In the first patient, posterior papillary muscle hypertrophy was evident on left ventriculography after appearance of GNT and NU waves. In the second patient, both GNT and NU waves disappeared after posterior myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiograms demonstrated akinesis in the posterior wall, including the posterior papillary muscle, after 8 weeks of posterior infarction. Therefore, we suggest that apical hypertrophy, especially of the posterior papillary muscle, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of GNT and NU waves in HCM.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[New reconstruction method for defect of chest wall using composite graft].

In the case of a 64-year-old man squamous cell carcinoma in the left lung with metastasis to the rib, we excised the affected portion of the chest wall and used a composite graft, a combination hydroxyapatite (HAP) filler, for reconstruction with good results. HAP filler is a ceramic that combines the calcium phosphate apatite hydroxide with 3-calcium phosphate. The Dacron fabric used was made of polyethylene terephthalate fiber. Two layers of Dacron fabric were laid together, stitched to the rib with nylon thread, and the resulting tubular cavity packed with HAP filler to create an artificial rib. The intercostal muscle was sandwiched between the layers of Dacron fabric and the ends of the natural rib laid across those of the artificial one. We used the periosteum and intercostal muscle to integrate the graft and complete reconstruction. Postoperative recovery was good, and there was no visible sign of deformation at the graft site. Even in palpation we were unable to tell that the rib was artificial.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1992

Successful pancreatojejunal anastomosis for pancreatoduodenectomy.

A series of 100 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (36 patients), the bile duct (19 patients), the gallbladder (14 patients), the papilla of Vater (13 patients), the duodenum (seven patients), the stomach (seven patients) or the colon (one patient), or for chronic pancreatitis (two patients) and adenomyoma of the bile duct (one patient) between October 1983 and December 1990. The operative morbidity and mortality rates were 27 and 6 percent, respectively, and failure of the pancreatojejunal anastomosis was the most common post-operative complication (16 patients). Anastomotic leakage correlated significantly with the quality of the pancreatic remnant and the preoperative technique used (p < 0.01). The leakage rate in 34 patients with fibrotic pancreatic tissue was 5.8 percent (two of 34) and was significantly less than that in 66 patients with a normal pancreatic remnant (21.2 percent). Forty-seven patients underwent direct anastomosis between the main pancreatic duct and the jejunum, using mucosa to mucosa sutures and a pancreatic duct drain tube as well as a single layer of sutures between the pancreatic tissue and the jejunum. Only two patients had a pancreatic fistula (4.2 percent) and the incidence was significantly less than that in 53 patients who received the usual technique of double-layer sutures between the pancreatic remnant and the jejunum without a direct anastomosis to the main pancreatic duct (26.4 percent, p < 0.01).

Adult↗