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Biomedical subjects

S Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to S Inoue.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effects of dietary protein type on oxidized cholesterol-induced alteration in age-related modulation of lipid metabolism and indices of immune function in rats.

Exogenous oxidized cholesterol disturbs both lipid metabolism and immune functions. Therefore, it may perturb these modulations with ageing. Effects of the dietary protein type on oxidized cholesterol-induced modulations of age-related changes in lipid metabolism and immune function was examined using differently aged (4 weeks versus 8 months) male Sprague-Dawley rats when casein, soybean protein or milk whey protein isolate (WPI) was the dietary protein source, respectively. The rats were given one of the three proteins in diet containing 0.2% oxidized cholesterols mixture. Soybean protein, as compared with the other two proteins, significantly lowered both the serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value and cholesterol, whereas it elevated the ratio of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol/cholesterol in young rats, but not in adult. Moreover, soybean protein, but not casein and WPI, suppressed the elevation of Delta6 desaturation indices of phospholipids in both liver and spleen, particularly in young. On the other hand, WPI, compared to the other two proteins, inhibited the leukotriene B4 production of spleen, irrespective of age. Soybean protein reduced the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cells in splenic lymphocytes. Therefore, the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgE and IgG in serum were lowered in rats given soybean protein in both age groups except for IgA in adult, although these observations were not shown in rats given other proteins. Thus, various perturbations of lipid metabolism and immune function caused by oxidized cholesterol were modified depending on the type of dietary protein. The moderation by soybean protein on the change of lipid metabolism seems to be susceptible in young rats whose homeostatic ability is immature. These observations may be exerted through both the promotion of oxidized cholesterol excretion to feces and the change of hormonal release, while WPI may suppress the disturbance of immune function by oxidized cholesterol in both ages. This alleviation may be associated with a large amount of lactoglobulin in WPI. These results thus showed a possibility that oxidized cholesterol-induced perturbations of age-related changes of lipid metabolism and immune function can be moderated by both the selection and combination of dietary protein.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Primary effusion lymphoma with B-cell phenotype.

We describe here a case of primary effusion lymphoma that occurred in a 78-year-old woman. She was successively treated with prednisolone but died 15 months after the diagnosis of primary effusion lymphoma. The immunohistochemistry revealed the neoplastic cells to be CD19(+), CD20(+), CD21(+), Sm-Ig(+), and HLA-DR(+). This patient exhibited clonal IgH and clonal kappa light chain gene rearrangement, indicating a B-cell origin. The present case was distinguished from the majority cases of HHV-8-positive primary effusion lymphoma. Here we present clinical details of response to therapy in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Bombelli's valgus-extension osteotomy for osteoarthritis due to acetabular dysplasia: results at 10 to 14 years.

Severe osteoarthritis due to acetabular dysplasia (n = 17) was treated with valgus-extension osteotomy, and the patients' clinical outcomes 10-14 years after operation were evaluated according to clinical factors (Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score; JOA score) and by roentgenography. The mean JOA score 10 years or later had improved by 22 points compared with the preoperative score. On roentgenography, joints which had preoperative roof osteophyte had better postoperative formation of roof osteophyte. The JOA score was higher in the 12 joints which had osteophyte 5 mm or longer than in those joints with osteophyte that was 5 mm or shorter. Postoperative joint space widening occurred in 15 joints (88.2%) 3-6 months postoperatively, and it reached the maximum at 3-5 years. In patients who had a large bone cyst in the femoral head preoperatively, the cyst collapsed, and deformation of femoral head occurred after operation, but remodeling of the joint surface occurred naturally and the congruity improved. In the 6 joints in which the preoperative acetabular head index was less than 60% and the acetabular angle was larger than 30 degrees, the JOA score at 10 years or later was lower than that of the other joints. Based on these findings, valgus-extension osteotomy was evaluated as a useful surgical method for advanced or terminal osteoarthritis in young or middle-aged patients. Predictive factors for long-term prognosis would be the preoperative length of roof osteophyte, joint space widening, and the degree of femoral head covering.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women.

The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Considering the high prevalence of osteoporosis in homocystinuria, abnormal homocysteine metabolism would contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. It is known that the polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), the enzyme catalyzing the reduction of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, correlates with hyperhomocysteinemia. In this study, we examined the association of this polymorphism with bone mineral density (BMD). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 307 postmenopausal women. MTHFR A/V polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We compared BMD, clinical characteristics, and bone metabolic markers among MTHFR groups (AA, AV, VV). The groups did not differ in terms of baseline data. The values of lumbar spine BMD and total body BMD were as follows: lumbar spine: AA, 0.91 +/- 0.18, AV, 0.88 +/- 0.16, VV, 0.84 +/- 0.14 g/cm(2); total body: AA, 0.97 +/- 0.11, AV, 0.96 +/- 0.11, VV, 0.93 +/- 0.09 g/cm(2). In the VV genotype, lumbar spine BMD values were significantly lower than those of the women with the AA genotype (P = 0.016) and total body BMD was significantly lower than those of the women with AA genotype (P = 0.03) and AV genotype (P = 0.04). This is the first report that suggests that the VV genotype of MTHFR is one of the genetic risk factors for low BMD.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Specialized basement membrane of monkey maturation stage ameloblasts mediates firm ameloblast-enamel association by its partial calcification.

A basement membrane-like structure associated with the maturation stage ameloblasts of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) tooth germ was examined with high resolution electron microscopy. The tissue was prepared either with or without demineralization. This structure was composed of a lamina lucida-like (lamina lucida) and lamina densa-like (lamina densa) structure. The latter was made up of a fine "cord" network, the major constituent of the basement membrane. It was closely associated with the third layer of a 200 nm wide looser cord network. In specimens without demineralization the third layer and a part of the lamina densa were calcified, and it formed the edge of the enamel. This particular area had a higher electron density, and the size, shape, and arrangement of mineral crystals were different from those of the rest of the enamel. Also, mineralization appeared to be proceeding along the cords. These observations indicate that this dense layer is a highly specialized basement membrane which mediates the firm association of maturation stage ameloblasts with the enamel by means of the mineralization of a part of this basement membrane itself which becomes integrated as a part of the enamel. Also, this highly specialized manner of association is favorable with the reported control of the loss of organic substances in the maturing enamel by maturation stage ameloblasts.

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed2000

Lack of integrative control of heat production and heat loss after capsaicin administration.

Body temperature is usually regulated by opposing controls of heat production and heat loss. However, systemic administration of capsaicin activates heat loss and heat production simultaneously. Because capsaicin receptors are located mainly on primary sensory neurons and body temperature is regulated by the central nervous system, we investigated the brain mechanisms involved in these capsaicin-induced thermal responses. For this purpose, we examined the effects of spinalization and decerebration on these responses in artificially ventilated, urethane-anesthetized rats. Cervical spinal transection largely attenuated both responses, showing the critical involvement of the brain. Colonic temperature (Tc) did not change after the capsaicin administration to the spinalized rats. Decerebration between the hypothalamus and midbrain prevented the capsaicin-induced heat loss and enhanced the capsaicin-induced heat production. Consequently, Tc increased without a hypothermic period. The results show that capsaicin activates brainstem-controlled heat production and forebrain-controlled heat loss separately.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Successful palliation of hypoactive delirium due to multi-organ failure by oral methylphenidate.

Delirium is frequently observed in terminally ill cancer patients, but complete remission is often difficult to achieve. Therefore, symptom palliation is of great importance to improve patients' quality of life. Although it has been suggested that psychostimulants would be beneficial to patients with hypoactive delirium, there have been very few empirical reports so far. We report on a terminally ill cancer patient with hypoactive delirium caused by multi-organ failure, in whom methylphenidate was effective in improving the ability to maintain communication. This case highlights the efficacy of methylphenidate for hypoactive delirium in terminally ill cancer patients.

Central Nervous System Stimulants↗
PubMed2000

Reexpansion pulmonary edema due to high-frequency jet ventilation: report of a case.

Barotrauma is well known to be a relatively common complication of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV); however, the occurrence of reexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE) is extremely rare. We report herein a case of REPE caused by difficulties encountered with anesthesia using HFJV during video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for a spontaneous pneumothorax. We believe the rapid increase in pressure in the lung after degassing for VATS resulted in REPE as well as typical barotrauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Encapsulated pericardial fat necrosis treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery: report of a case.

A 55-year-old moderately obese man who was admitted to a local hospital following a traffic accident reported having experienced an episode of sharp and sudden pleuritic pain in the left anterior lower chest 2 days earlier. A computed tomographic scan on admission demonstrated a nonhomogeneous mass in the anterior left side of the chest, abutting the left cardiac margin, and a left-sided pleural effusion. As a mediastinal tumor was suspected, he was referred to our hospital for investigation and treatment. An exploratory thoracotomy was performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) about 3 weeks later, which revealed a firm, yellowish mass on the oral side of the pericardial fat pad, adhering to the anterior chest wall. The mass was easily removed. The resected specimen consisted of a lobulated fragment of adipose tissue measuring 5.0 x 3.5 x 2.0 cm, and the final pathologic diagnosis was pericardial fat necrosis. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and has remained free of symptoms for 10 months since his operation. Pericardial fat necrosis remains a rare clinical entity. Surgical excision by VATS achieves symptomatic cure and probably continues to be the treatment of choice because of the need to exclude a neoplasm in the differential diagnosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

Identification of a novel polymorphism of estrogen receptor-alpha gene that is associated with calcium excretion in urine.

A novel variation of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). It is one base substitution in codon 325 (CCC [allele M] to CCG [allele m]) in exon 4 of the human ERalpha gene. This substitution did not cause an amino acid change. We categorized 306 unrelated Japanese postmenopausal women into three genotypes: MM, Mm, and mm; the frequency of each genotype was 26.5%, 43.1%, and 30.4%, respectively. Then, the association of this polymorphism with bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and bone-calcium metabolic markers was studied. There was no significant difference in BMD of the lumbar spine or most of the bone metabolic markers. However, the urinary calcium (Ca) excretion ratio (u-Ca/Cre) corrected by creatinine was significantly lower in the genotype mm group compared with the genotype MM group (MM vs mm, 0.247 +/-0.158 vs 0.200 +/- 0.105; P < 0.05). We examined the relationship of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) (PvuII, XbaI) in intron 1 and the polymorphism in exon 4. The frequency of genotype MM was higher in the genotype PPxx, which was reported to be associated with lower BMD in the same population of Japanese postmenopausal women. The ER polymorphism identified in this study might be related to some biological mechanisms that regulate calcium metabolism.

Bone Density↗
PubMed2000

A 10- to 13-year follow-up study of Harris-Galante type prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty.

Long-term clinical results of Harris-Galante type prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty (THA) were evaluated in 27 hip joints of 25 patients (2 men and 23 women). Seventeen joints also received bone grafting on the acetabulum. Mean follow-up period was 11 years and 3 months. Clinical out-come was evaluated using the hip score of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, and the score was good and stable during the monitoring period. Implant stability, bone changes around the implant, and the occupancy rate of the stem in the medullary space were radiologically examined. As a result of stem, there was subsidence in 3 joints and loosening in 6. There were no cases of cup loosening. A pedestal was found in 12 joints, and 4 of them which were associated with a radiopaque line had stem loosening. Among the 21 joints without loosening, 8 had a pedestal but they were not associated with a radiopaque line. The 2 joints which developed osteolysis did not have loosening. Stem loosening was related to the stem occupancy rate in the distal part of the medullary cavity. Postoperative stem occupancy rate could be an important indicator for long-term clinical results. Stems for cementless THA should be designed to have a high occupancy rate in the distal part, and stems should also be carefully chosen to meet individual differences.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated with transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy combined with vascularized iliac bone grafting.

A 49-year-old Japanese man who had non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head with a wide necrotic lesion received transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy combined with vascularized iliac bone grafting. After the bone graft (6 x 1.5 cm) was collected, the femoral head was anteriorly rotated by 90 degrees. A bone tunnel of 1.2 cm in diameter was prepared on the necrotic lesion adjacent to the intact area from the anterior part of the femoral neck to inside the femoral head. The bone graft was trimmed to the size of this bone tunnel, and inserted up to immediately below the articular surface. In the monitoring using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the low signal-intensity area between the bone graft and intact area had disappeared, and a high signal-intensity area on the weight-bearing portion of the femoral head had extended. With modifications on the insertion point of the bone graft, transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy combined with vascularized iliac bone graft would be a useful means to preserve the femoral head in large non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2000

Histological findings of bone marrow edema pattern on MRI in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a 38-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus who had received corticosteroid and had developed non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The initial MR finding was a band lesion on the T1-weighted image, which had been present before the onset of symptoms. At the onset of symptoms, a diffuse bone marrow edema pattern, with a low signal intensity on T1 and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, was noted around the band lesion, extending to the femoral neck. Histopathologically, this region was found to consist of serous exudate, focal interstitial hemorrhage, and mild fibrosis, without any evidence of extension of osteonecrosis. It should be noted that extension of a low signal intensity area on MRI after the onset of hip pain may not be the result of the extension of osteonecrosis, but may represent concomitant edema due to collapse.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Association of estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene polymorphism with blood pressure.

We investigated the association between a dinucleotide (cytosine-adenine; CA) repeat polymorphism located in the flanking region of the human estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene and systemic blood pressure in 187 healthy postmenopausal Japanese women. The genotype was classified as "A" through "O" according to the number of these repeats from 18 to 32. When we separated the subjects into two groups-- bearing at least one "I" allele (26 CA repeats) and those who did not--we found that the former subjects had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than the latter (mean +/- SD, 146.0 +/- 25.0 vs 136.6 +/- 23.4; P = 0.032). These data suggest that genetic variation at the ESR2 locus may be associated with some determinants of blood pressure, and that there is a possible involvement of this polymorphism in causing hypertension in Japanese women.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Association of bone mineral density with a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the calcitonin (CT) locus.

Calcitonin (CT), a calcium-regulating hormone, lowers the calcium level in serum by inhibiting bone resorption. Because CT may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, genetic variations in or adjacent to the CT gene may be associated with variations in bone mineral density (BMD). The present study examined the correlation between a dinucleotide (cytosine-adenine; CA) repeat polymorphism at the CT locus and BMD in 311 Japanese postmenopausal women (mean age, 64.1 years). Seven alleles were present in this population; each allele contained 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 CA repeats. Thus, we designated the respective genotypes A10, A11, A16, A17, A18, A19, and A20. The A10 and A17 alleles were the predominant alleles in the population studied. Z scores (a parameter representing deviation from the age-specific weight-adjusted average BMD) were compared between individuals that possessed one or two alleles of each genotype and those that did not possess the allele. Subjects who possessed one or two A10 alleles had lower BMD Z scores than those who did not (lumbar 2-4 BMD Z score; -0.148 +/- 1.23 vs 0.182 +/- 1.54; P = 0.04). No significant relationships were observed between allelic status and background data or biochemical parameters. The significant association observed between BMD and genetic variations at the CT locus implies that polymorphism at this locus may be a useful marker for the genetic study of osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

JTT-501, a new oral hypoglycemic agent, reverses hypertriglyceridemia in Zucker fatty and ventromedial hypothalamus-lesioned obese rats.

JTT-501 is a new oral hypoglycemic agent that is reported to be effective in insulin-resistant diabetic animal models by improving insulin resistance. It also improves hypertriglyceridemia. We investigated the mechanism of the reversal of hypertriglyceridemia in two types of obese animals using JTT-501. In Zucker fatty obese rats, an animal model of genetic obesity, fasting plasma triglyceride and glucose significantly decreased after a single daily oral dose of JTT-501 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days. In ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned obese rats, an animal model of nongenetic obesity, fasting plasma triglycerides significantly decreased but fasting plasma glucose levels remained unchanged after treatment with this agent. In Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, fasting plasma triglyceride and glucose levels remained unchanged. The JTT-501-treated Zucker fatty and VMH-lesioned obese rats showed a decrease in insulin, but it was not significant, while the treated SD rats showed a significant decrease in insulin. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased significantly in treated Zucker fatty obese and SD rats, but did not change in VMH-lesioned obese rats. The hepatic triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) did not change in any species treated with JTT-501. There was a negative correlation between postheparin plasma LPL and plasma triglyceride levels in Zucker fatty obese rats, while no such correlation was observed in VMH-lesioned obese or SD rats. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) for plasma triglyceride was increased significantly by JTT-501 in both Zucker fatty and VMH-lesioned obese rats. These results suggest that JTT-501 decreases plasma triglycerides mainly by increasing postheparin plasma LPL in Zucker fatty obese rats, while it ameliorates an impairment in the ability of adipose tissue to remove triglyceride from the circulation in VMH-lesioned obese rats.

Animals↗