Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Ichiyama

Publications and source records attributed to S Ichiyama.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

AgNOR (nucleolar organizer regions) staining in malignant melanoma.

Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are loops of ribosomal DNA seen in nuclei, which are demonstrable as black dots (AgNOR) in tissue sections by silver (Ag) colloid staining. The number of such AgNORs is correlated with cellular activity and is an indicator of the degree of malignancy. In this study, 76 melanocytic lesions were analyzed by AgNOR staining, and the clinical and histopathological characteristics of malignant melanoma and melanocytic nevi were considered. Although the AgNOR counts for melanocytic nevi were significantly different from those in malignant melanoma, an obvious overlap between them was detected. The number of AgNORs in melanocytic nevi per cell was usually 1 or 2. On the other hand, the number of AgNORs per malignant melanoma cell was variable. Morphologically, malignant melanoma cells often showed dispersal of AgNORs throughout the nucleus as well as multiple nucleoli containing clustered AgNORs, whereas melanocytic nevus cells tended to have a regular nucleolus with tightly clustered AgNORs. The correlation between AgNOR count and pathological staging was uncertain, but a slight correlation between AgNOR count and thickness of the primary lesion was obtained. However, the AgNOR count in malignant melanoma was not a prognostic factor for the disease. Therefore, the AgNOR method is difficult to use for differential diagnosis between benign pigmented lesions and malignant melanoma. Nonetheless, an AgNOR count of more than two per cell favors a diagnosis of malignant melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Congenital malignant melanoma.

A case is reported of congenital malignant melanoma that occurred in the absence of maternal melanoma or a congenital giant naevus. The patient had the melanoma on the left thigh excised 54 days after birth, but later died at the age of 18 months with multiple metastases.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical features of enterococcal septicemia and antimicrobial susceptibilities for clinical isolates of enterococci in Nagoya University Hospital].

Enterococci are important causative organisms of nosocomial infections as well as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enterococcal bacteremia has been increased in Nagoya University Hospital from April 1983 to March 1990. We analyzed the clinical backgrounds, portal of entry and mortality for the patients with Enterococcal septicemia. Thirty-four cases with enterococcal septicemia (24 Enterococcus faecalis, 10 Enterococcus faecium) were subjected in this study. Twenty-seven cases were monomicrobial septicemia and 7 cases were polymicrobial septicemia. As to the portal of entry, intra-abdominal infections in 21 cases, urinary tract infections in 4 cases, respiratory tract infections or chest tubes in 2 cases, decbitus infection in 1 case, intravascular catheter in 1 case, and unknown sources in 5 cases. Total mortality of the septicemia was 44.1%. E. faecium and Enterococcus avium were much more resistant to antimicrobial agents than E. faecalis. Enterococci with high-level resistance to gentamicin (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than 2000 micrograms/ml) accounted for 35% of the 26 clinical isolates of enterococci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Bacterial survey of patients with bacteremia during the ten years (1978-1987) in Nagoya University Hospital].

We analyzed the changes of frequency of bacterial positive cases on the basis of blood cultures, clinical background and administrated antibiotics for the patients with bacteremia in Nagoya University Hospital from January 1978 to December 1987. During the ten years, the number of samples increased from 330 in 1978 to 1231 in 1987. Moreover, bacterial positive cases increased from 27 (8.2%) in 1978 to 152 (12.3%) in 1987. Organisms isolated consisted of 138 strains of coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS), 81 Staphylococcus aureus, 60 Candida sp., 58 Escherichia coli, 47 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other species. During the period of 1986-1987, of the 92 patients with bacteremia, 85 patients (92.4%) had underlying diseases including leukemia, solid tumor, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or other diseases. In addition, 67 patients (73.9%) underwent intravascular catheters, urethral catheters, postoperative drainages or other prosthetic insertions. Fourteen patients died of septicemia within a week after recovery of the organism in the blood culture. The recovery rate for gram positive cocci in blood culture increased in the 1980's. It may partly be due to the prevalent use of these prosthetic insertions, and the preferable use of second and third generation cephalosporin antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Genomic DNA fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as an epidemiological marker for study of nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

In this study, we have compared genomic DNA fingerprintings among isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Chromosomal fragments digested with SmaI were most suitable for the PFGE separation. SmaI cut genomic DNA into 15 to 20 fragments whose sizes ranged from about 30 to 1,500 kb. Thirty-one distinctive fragment patterns were identified in 111 infecting and colonizing MRSA isolates from six different hospitals in Japan. On the basis of the genomic typing by PFGE, we performed an epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of nosocomial MRSA infections among inpatients in Nagoya University Hospital. Ten types of chromosomal digestion were identified in the 20 strains isolated from 18 infected patients and 1 from colonized hospital personnel. According to the restriction patterns, we found that four types of these strains had caused epidemic infections among 13 patients in the outbreak. Two types (types 1 and 4) of the strains were involved in the death of five patients. The other infections were sporadic. The clarity and polymorphism of the chromosomal digestion patterns enabled us to discriminate between isolates which could not be differentiated by antibiogram or plasmid analysis. Classification of the genomic DNA fingerprinting patterns by PFGE is therefore proposed as a useful method for investigating the source, transmission, and spread of nosocomial MRSA infections.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) with extracorporeal photochemotherapy--preliminary report.

Since August of 1988, we have treated seven CTCL patients with extracorporeal photochemotherapy, including two with tumor-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) showing mucinous degeneration, two with plaque-stage MF, and two with erythrodermatous MF. One was withdrawn just after the first trial. For each patient, the phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry in terms of the percentages of OKT11, OKT3, OKT4, Leu9, OKT8, B1, Tac, OKT9, OKIa1, Leu7, Leu3a/4B4, and Leu3a/2H4 cells. These parameters were compared with the clinical responses according to skin score. The two patients with tumors died, but the five patients without tumors did not. Three of the 6 patients responded to the treatment. Side effects that are often associated with standard chemotherapy, such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal symptoms and hair loss, were not observed. One cardiovascular event (1 patient) occurred. No significant changes in T-cell subsets were seen during the course of therapy. These preliminary data suggest that extracorporeal photochemotherapy may be effective for CTCL other than tumor-stage MF.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Nosocomial infection by new quinolone resistant Enterobacter cloacae].

For the past two years, five strains of new quinolone resistant Enterobacter cloacae have been isolated from three patients in our hospital; strain A was isolated from patient A, strain B from patient B, and strains C1, C2, C3 from patient C. These five strains were resistant to new quinolones and other antimicrobial agents including ampicillin, piperacillin, methicillin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, kanamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, minocycline, and chloramphenicol. Plasmid DNA profiles on agarose gel indicated that strain B and C3 carried completely the same plasmid pattern, but strain A gave a different plasmid pattern. Furthermore chromosomal DNAs extracted from strains A, B and C3 were digested with restriction endonucleases EcoR I, BamH I and Sma I. They were separated by pulsefield gel electrophoresis. The banding profiles of strains B and C3 showed the same pattern. It is, therefore, highly suggested that strains B and C3 are the same E. cloacae strain, although isolated from different patients at different time. The possible route of nosocomial infection between these two patients who were hospitalized in the same room after an interval of 4 months was discussed.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1989

Carotenoid pigments of genus Rhodococcus.

A study of carotenoid pigments of the genus Rhodococcus was carried out. According to carotenes contained, Rhodococcus species were divided into three groups: the first group of Rhodococcus luteus, R. coprophilus, R. lentifragmentus, and R. maris, which formed beta-carotene; the second group of R. equi, R. rubropertinctus, R. aichiensis, R. sputi, R. chubuensis, R. obuensis, R. bronchialis, R. roseus, R. rhodochrous, R. rhodnii, and R. terrae, which formed gamma-carotene-like substance; and the third group of R. aurantiacus, which formed neither carotene. Other carotenoid pigments were different according to the species.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1989

A case of infantile digital fibromatosis showing spontaneous regression.

A case of infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) in a 3-year-old girl is reported. Two tumours were present on the left fourth toe and one over the lateral aspect of the left heel. Histological examination revealed that the tumor cells contained intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, characteristic for this condition. The tumours showed spontaneous regression without therapy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Superiority of enviomycin or streptomycin over ethambutol in initial treatment of lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.

The rate of sputum conversion (continuously negative cultures for six months or more) was compared among four regimens given to 83 patients with moderately advanced, cavitary lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex untreated previously. The regimens of rifampin + isoniazid + enviomycin and rifampin + isoniazid + streptomycin appeared to be superior to the regimen of rifampin + isoniazid + ethambutol. No statistically significant difference was observed between the regimens rifampin + isoniazid + enviomycin and rifampin + isoniazid + streptomycin.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in the aged].

We prospectively studied the clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in the aged from July 1988 to March 1989. Twenty-five of 101 tubercle-bacilli positive patients were 70 years old or more. In these aged patients, decrease of body weight and of serum albumin was predominant. These findings suggest that undernutrition is remarkable in aged patients with tuberculosis, and it may influence their cellular immunity. In fact, the tuberculin reaction was significantly attenuated in the aged patients compared with patients less than 70 years old. Twelve percent of the aged patients showed a negative tuberculin reaction. In clinical diagnosis, it should be kept in mind that tuberculin reaction is sometimes negative in active tuberculosis patients particularly in the aged. The time required for negative conversion of tubercle bacilli was not retarded in the aged patients due to the use of potent chemotherapy regimens containing isoniazid and rifampicin.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between mycobacterial species and their carotenoid pigments.

A study of the relationship between mycobacterial species and their carotenoid pigments was carried out. According to the carotenoid pigments contained, the mycobacterial species tested were divided into four groups: the first group of Mycobacterium kansasii and M. marinum, which formed principally only beta-carotene; the second group of M. gordonae, M. scrofulaceum, M. szulgai, M. xenopi, M. flavescens, M. phlei, M. rhodesiae, M. neoaurum, and M. aichiense, which formed beta-carotene and a zeaxanthin-like substance; the third group of M. aurum and M. obuense, which formed beta-carotene and an eschscholtzxanthin-like substance; and the fourth group of M. chubuense and M. tokaiense, which formed beta-carotene and zeaxanthin- and eschscholtzxanthin-like substances. The common carotenoid pigment throughout the genus Mycobacterium was beta-carotene and the hypophasic carotenoids differed according to the species.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1988

The isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex from soil, water, and dusts.

Previously, it was difficult to isolate the Mycobacterium avium complex from soil, water, and dusts, because rapidly growing mycobacteria always overgrew slowly growing ones. We used Ogawa egg medium containing both ethambutol and ofloxacin, which inhibit the nonpathogenic slowly growing mycobacteria and most rapidly growing mycobacteria, respectively, as an aid to screen for pathogenic slowly growing mycobacteria; we could thereby isolate a number of the M. avium complex and M. scrofulaceum strains from soil, water, and dusts in this country.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

Genetic control of delayed-type hypersensitivity to D-penicillamine antigen.

For determining the mechanism of genetic control of D-penicillamine free-base-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice, footpad swelling response was employed. Studies with various congenic and recombinant inbred strains of mice revealed that D-penicillamine free-base-specific DTH was controlled by the I-A subregion. The footpad swelling response showed a highly antigen-specific pattern, and revealed that D-penicillamine free base was not cross-reactive with D-penicillamine disulfide or L-penicillamine, but with D-penicillamine HCl. Treatment of immune lymphoid cells with monoclonal antibodies plus complement revealed that the cells responsible for DTH transfer were Lyt-1+2-, L3T4+ and Ia-T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of antituberculosis drug regimens for lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.

A total of 123 patients with moderately advanced, cavitary lung disease caused by Mycobacterium avium complex untreated previously received different regimens of antituberculosis agents. The rate of sputum conversion (continuously negative cultures for six months or more) was compared among the regimens. It was shown that the regimens of rifampin + isoniazid + streptomycin and rifampin + isoniazid + enviomycin were superior to the regimens of streptomycin + isoniazid + p-aminosalicylate, isoniazid alone or isoniazid + p-aminosalicylate. This finding demonstrated that the regimens including rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin or enviomycin were really effective in the initial treatment of lung disease caused by M avium complex.

Aminosalicylic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Diagnostic value of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) detected by monoclonal antibodies (115D8 and DF3) in exudative pleural effusions.

Pleural fluid levels of the cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) detected by monoclonal antibodies (115D8 and DF3) were determined in 40 patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions and in 41 patients with tuberculous pleural effusions. Using a cut off level of 16 U/ml, 15 of the 40 carcinomatous fluids but none of the 41 tuberculous fluids were positive. Pleural fluid levels of CA15-3 were not correlated with those of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Combined assay of CEA and CA15-3, or CA19-9 and CA15-3, increased the positive rate from 79 to 82% and from 67 to 73%, respectively. Measurement of pleural fluid CA15-3 levels are less useful in separating carcinomatous from tuberculous effusions than is measurement of CEA or CA19-9.

Adult↗