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Biomedical subjects

S I Mellgren

Publications and source records attributed to S I Mellgren.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Research on mental retardation in Norway 1970-1980: a review.

The present paper reviews most of the research on mental retardation in Norway, published in 1970-1980. An important part of this work is represented by Hole's reports of experimental phenylketonuria (PKU) in the rat and studies on peptides and protein-associated peptide complexes in mental disturbances, including experimental studies of effects on brain function and behavior of a peptide fraction (factor 3 b 2). Among studies on diseases with mental retardation, are determinations of arylsulphatase A in cultured amniotic fluid cells and in amniotic fluid as measures of prenatal diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy, reports on screening disorders of tyrosine metabolism and the occurrence of positive dye test in blind children and patients with physical and mental handicaps. Further, studies on the effects of antiepileptics on immunoglobulins are reported. In the fields of social medicine, psychology and psychiatry, only few studies have been published in international journals. Brief reports on Norwegian articles comprise studies on work and disability, social and psychological handicaps in special school pupils, psychosis in mental retardation, and some efforts to design psychological treatment programs for the mentally retarded. The majority of research on mental retardation or with relevance to this field in Norway, has either been supported by the Norwegian Council for Research on Mental Retardation, or the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities. Based on annual reports of these councils, and correspondence to centers involved in such research, we have collected reports published in the period 1970 to 1980. We have also received unpublished reports, but have chosen not to include most of them in this review, because of the difficulties for the readers to obtain these reports. The institutional and noninstitutional services for the mentally retarded in Norway have no formal connection with university or other research institutes. Nevertheless, most of the research papers have been submitted from such institutes. Most of the reports traced are in the fields of basic neurobiology, medicine, and psychology, and will be dealt with under these headings.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Primitive reflexes in Down's syndrome.

The clinical value and prevalences of three primitive reflexes, i.e. the palmomental, the snout, and the corneomandibular, were examined in 30 institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome and the results were compared with those in a control group. The prevalence of palmomental reflex was clearly higher, i.e. 47% (31,63) in DS as compared to 7% (2,16) in controls (confidence limits, P = 0.9, is given in the parenthesis) (P = 0.0001). The prevalences of the snout reflex in the DS and control group were estimated to be 14% (5,29) and 0% (0,6) respectively (P = 0.02). The corneomandibular reflex was found unreliable in DS, mainly because of lack of cooperation. Neither the palmomental nor the snout reflex correlated well with the degree of mental retardation. No correlation of reflex incidence with age was demonstrated for the palmomental reflex. The prevalence of the snout reflex in DS patients less than 35 years was estimated to be 0% (0,18). This is significantly (P less than 0.05) less than the prevalence of 29% (10,54), found in the group older than 35 years of age. The possible value of the snout reflex as a sign of dementia in Down's syndrome is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Report of a family with predominant upper limb pareses and late onset.

Familial occurrence of neuromuscular disease similar to sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been reported from several countries. A Norwegian family with muscular wasting in men and women of three generations is described. The propositus and his father's sister were examined, as well as a second cousin of the propositus. The disease was characterized by late onset, predominantly upper limb peripheral pareses, and "pyramidal" signs in the lower extremities. Although peripheral neuromuscular affection in the lower limbs tended to be subclinical, chonchotome biopsies from the tibialis anterior muscle showed neurogenic atrophy in all three cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Malignant glioma and sensorimotor neuropathy.

A case of sensorimotor neuropathy in a male with malignant glioma is reported. The symptoms of peripheral motor and sensory disturbances preceeded those of the intracranial tumor. The history, clinical findings, electrophysiological and histopathological results are presented, as well as immunological data. A possible causal relationship between glioma and peripheral neuropathy is discussed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Unusual type of neural muscular atrophy with a possible X-chromosomal inheritance pattern.

In a large family five affected males belonging to four different kinships exhibited a muscle wasting of varying degree and with a predominantly proximal distribution. The index case had a facio-scapulo-humeral and peroneal muscular atrophy, whereas one of his cousins suffered a more generalized involvement starting in infancy and similar to Werdnig-Hoffman disease. The other affected family members had only slight changes. The index case and his affected brother had a positive Babinski sign. In enzyme histochemical preparations, specimens from the index case showed small group atrophy of type 2 fibers along with pseudomyopathic changes (whorled and coiled fibers, splitting) of type 1 fibers. Similar findings were observed in his cousin. Ultrastructural investigation gave no further information. Since all patients were males and the offspring of unaffected sisters, an X-chromosomal mode of transmission is proposed for this illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Some enzyme histochemical characteristics of the human hippocampus.

The histochemical distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) was studied in the area dentata and hippocampus proper of the human brain. Although differences did exist, there were many features in common with the distribution of these two enzymes in the rat and guinea pig. The laminar chemoarchitectonic picture was not as distinct in the human brain as in the rat and guinea pig. Most of the AChE reaction products were confined to the neuropil, with the strongest staining intensity in supra- and infrapyramidal zones. The layer of mossy fibres (stratum lucidum), was characteristically pale. On the other hand, AChE-positive cell bodies were observed in the hilus of the area dentata and a few scattered cells in the hippocampus proper. The AChE reaction products were sparse in the pyramidal cells, conforming similar observations in the rat and guinea pig. Based on our previous description of the AChE-positive cell bodies and fibres in the human septum and a considerable body of experimental material obtained in the rat, it is suggested that most of the AChE in the dentate area and the hippocampus proper is confined to terminals of cholinergic septal efferents in both man and other species. alpha-GPDH was particularly reactive in the cell layers, hilus fasciae dentatae and the layer of mossy fibers. These observations are similar to those described for the rat and guinea pig. They indicate, furthermore, a particular metabolic property common to the archicortex of man and other species.

Acetylcholinesterase↗