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Biomedical subjects

S I Cho

Publications and source records attributed to S I Cho.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Reproducibility of nasal peak inspiratory flow among healthy adults: assessment of epidemiologic utility.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility of nasal peak inspiratory flow (PIFn). PARTICIPANTS: Twelve healthy nonsmoking volunteers were studied. METHODS: Repeated measurements of PIFn and oral (PIFm) peak inspiratory flow were performed for 5 consecutive days. Two methods of inhalation were compared. In the residual volume (RV) method, the forced maximal inspiratory maneuver was initiated from the end of a maximal expiration, while in the functional residual capacity (FRC) method, the maneuver was from the end of a tidal breath. Reproducibility was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Time trend for the 5 days was assessed by random effect models adjusting for different baseline for each subject. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of PIFn was 0.89 (lower limit of one-sided 95% confidence interval is 0.80) by the RV method and 0.78 (95% lower limit is 0.63) by the FRC method, suggesting that both methods have good reproducibility. These were similar to the ICCs of PIFm by each method. The FRC method did not show a significant time trend for PIFn. The RV method had a small, but significant, decreasing time trend of a magnitude considered inconsequential for the purpose of epidemiologic study. CONCLUSION: PIFn, measured from either RV or from FRC, showed good reproducibility and can be employed in epidemiologic studies investigating the upper airways' response to air pollutant exposure. Further studies of the relationships between PIFn and signs and symptoms of rhinitis are needed to evaluate the utility of this test for clinical and epidemiologic use.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Esophagorespiratory fistulae due to esophageal carcinoma: palliation with a covered Gianturco stent.

PURPOSE: To evaluate therapeutic effects and complications of a covered Gianturco stent for esophagorespiratory fistulae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 95 patients with esophageal carcinomas, 10 had esophagorespiratory fistulae and were treated with a silicone-covered Gianturco stent. The authors retrospectively assessed patients' food intake capacity and delayed problem of the stent. RESULTS: All fistulae were occluded without immediate complications. Two patients could swallow all foods; four, most foods; three soft foods; and one, only liquids. Clinical problems occurred between 1 and 24 weeks in four patients: reopened fistula (n = 1), recurrent fistula (n = 1) (both patients were successfully treated with another esophageal stent), and dyspnea (n = 2) due to tracheal compression by stent and tracheal invasion by tumor (one patient was treated with a tracheal stent). CONCLUSION: A silicone-covered modified Gianturco stent is effective for palliation of esophagorespiratory fistulae caused by esophageal cancer. Simultaneous use of a tracheal stent is recommended for extrinsic tracheal narrowing by the proximal tip of the stent and invasion by tumor.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1995

Magnetic resonance angiography in the evaluation of living-related renal donors.

Live-donor kidney donation requires an accurate determination of renal arterial anatomy. Traditionally, conventional angiography has supplied this information. The present study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) compared with conventional angiography (CA) in the evaluation of potential living renal donors. Fifteen potential living renal donors underwent both conventional angiography (midstream aortic injection) and three-dimensional phase contrast MRA. Two overlapping volumes of 64 slices (slice thickness 1.5 mm) were obtained in the axial plane to allow coverage from the celiac trunk to the aortic bifurcation. Conventional angiography demonstrated single renal arteries in 24 kidneys and multiple renal arteries in 6 kidneys. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated multiple renal arteries in 5 of the 6 kidneys. The sensitivity of MRA in determining kidneys with multiple renal arteries was 83% (5/6). One kidney with an accessory 2-mm polar artery was incorrectly identified as having a single renal artery by MRA. The overall accuracy of MRA in identifying the number of renal arteries was 97% (29/30). Fibromuscular dysplasia was demonstrated in 2 patients by CA, but was not visualized prospectively by MRA. Based on standard physician and hospital fees for each procedure, use of MRA alone would represent a cost savings of approximately $1900 over CA. Despite its minimally invasive and economic attractions, MRA does not achieve the level of accuracy required to replace CA in the evaluation of potential living kidney donors.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Differential effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and malonylginsenoside Rb1 on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of rats.

Ginseng saponins are known to have various pharmacological actions on the central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) and malonylginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1-m) on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus using anesthetized rats. Injection (i.c.v.) of GRb1 did not affect the basal synaptic responses evoked by low-frequency test stimulation, but significantly attenuated the magnitude of LTP induced by strong tetanus (100 pulses at 100 Hz). The inhibitory effect of GRb1 depended on its doses (0.5-50 nmol, i.c.v.). On the other hand, GRb1-m did not affect the LTP induced by the strong tetanus, but facilitated the generation of LTP by the weak tetanus (20 pulses at 60 Hz) that produced only short-lasting potentiation in normal condition. The LTP-facilitating effect of GRb1-m was seen maximally at a dose of 5 nmol (i.c.v.) and diminished at a higher dose (50 nmol, i.c.v.). Since another ginseng saponin ginsenoside Rg1 did not affect the induction of LTP at all, the inhibition and facilitation of LTP induction are probably specific actions of GRb1 and GRb1-m, respectively. This is the first report providing direct evidence that ginseng saponins affect the activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the brain.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1994

The pentafraction of hydroxyethyl starch inhibits ischemia-induced compartment syndrome.

Pentafraction (PF), a solution of biodegradable hydroxyethyl starch macromolecules with molecular weights of 10 to 100 x 10(4) daltons, has been shown to minimize tissue edema by sealing interendothelial clefts at the capillary level. The effect of PF on ischemia-reperfusion-induced compartment syndrome was studied. Ten rabbits underwent bilateral femoral artery occlusion following ligation of branches from the terminal aorta to the popliteal artery. After 7 hours of ischemia, reperfusion was established with heparinized polyethylene shunts. Experimental animals (n = 5) received PF and control animals (n = 5) received normal saline (NS) as an intravenous infusion (30 mL/kg) for 1 hour, beginning 10 minutes after shunt placement. During reperfusion, anterior compartment pressure was continuously monitored in the left lower extremity. To quantitate oxidative metabolism, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction (micrograms of TTC per milligram of protein) of tibialis anterior muscle from the right lower extremity was measured at femoral artery occlusion, 7 hours of ischemia, and 2 hours of reperfusion. In the NS group, anterior compartment pressure significantly increased from the end of the ischemic interval, 10.8 +/- 4.14 to 36.4 +/- 9.9 mmHg and 44.6 +/- 15.4 mmHg, after 1 and 2 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.007) compared with the PF group, which did not change significantly, 10.6 +/- 2.6 to 11.4 +/- 12.9 mmHg and 7.4 +/- 2.8 mmHg, after 1 and 2 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.67).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Malonylginsenoside Rb1 potentiates nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth of cultured chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia.

Effects of malonylginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1-m) isolated from dried root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) on neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth were compared with those of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) using organ culture of chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and cell culture of DRG neurons. In the organ culture, nerve growth factor (NGF) showed neurite outgrowth promoting effect. GRb1-m (30 microM) significantly potentiated this NGF-induced neurite outgrowth with similar potency to that of GRb1 (30 microM). Low density cell culture of DRG neurons was employed to minimize the contribution of contaminating non-neuronal cells. NGF (10 ng/ml) prolonged duration of neuronal survival. Neither GRb1-m nor GRb1 (1-30 microM) changed the prolongation effect of NGF, nor did NGF show a significant effect on the neurite elongation and re-elongation after axotomy by laser beam irradiation. However, GRb1-m (10 microM) potentiated initial neurite elongation when co-treated with NGF. In the process of re-elongation of neurites, GRb1-m (1, 30 microM) also promoted it in the presence of NGF. These results suggest, first, that GRb1-m potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth of chick embryonic DRGs and DRG neurons, but behaves in a slightly different manner from GRb1, and, second, that the effects of the two saponins may work primarily on neurons causing the potentiation of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Trial of intravesical versus extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in renal transplant recipients.

We carried out a trial to evaluate the complication rate of intravesical (LP) versus extravesical (Lich) ureteroneocystostomy in recipients of renal transplantation. Ureteric stenosis was the predominant complication in the LP technique, which was more difficult to correct. Complications by the Lich technique were urinary leaks, which were managed successfully by prolonged bladder drainage. We conclude that the Lich technique is simpler to perform and avoids the complication of ureteric stenosis, and should therefore be the procedure of choice for ureteric implantation in recipients of renal transplants.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Deoxyspergualin--a novel immunosuppressant.

DSG appears to have a unique, although as yet undefined, mechanism of action and may be a useful immunosuppressive agent. Because DSG is effective in reducing preformed antibodies in the xenograft situation, it may have a significant advantage in ABO-incompatible grafts in transplant recipients with high panel-reactive antibodies. Most important, DSG may have a definitive role in immunosuppressive therapy for pancreatic grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Successful renal transplantation in a patient with systemic sarcoidosis and renal failure due to focal glomerulosclerosis.

In 1987, a patient presented with pulmonary sarcoidosis and progressive renal failure. Percutaneous renal biopsy showed focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS). Over the subsequent 4-year period, her renal failure progressed to require hemodialysis. During this time, her pulmonary sarcoidosis was treated with daily corticosteroid therapy and she remained in clinical remission. The patient received a one-haplotype-identical living-related renal transplant from her mother. The patient is now 25 months posttransplant with a serum creatinine of 106 mumol/L (1.2 mg/dL). Her sarcoidosis continues to be in clinical remission. In this report, we review the rare association of a primary glomerular lesion causing renal failure in patients with sarcoidosis. In addition, we detail the first successful renal transplant in such a patient.

Adult↗