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Biomedical subjects

S Hummel

Publications and source records attributed to S Hummel.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Physiologic sucking performance and the shape of the oral cavity in infants and young children with respect to the design of nipples for nursing bottles and pacifiers].

Empirical data for functional measurements of the infant oral cavity under stimulated sucking conditions are presented. The data may serve as a basis for the design of nourishing and nipple-shaped pacifiers. Casts of the oral cavity during sucking show a sagittal flattening. The length of the nipple-head influences sucking capacity.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1989

[Several linguistic observations on the Mongol anthropological problem].

The origin and migratory ways of Mongols during the neolithic period are hitherto unsettled. This paper remembers any facts of comparative linguistics which demonstrate remnants of a Protomongolian substratum in olden and living languages of Central Asia, the Near Orient, Europe, and the Canary Islands.

Anthropology↗
PubMed1988

High-dose carboplatin with diethyldithiocarbamate chemoprotection in treatment of women with relapsed ovarian cancer.

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) has been found to protect the bone marrow, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract from the toxic effects of cisplatin and carboplatin (CBDCA) in animal models. In an attempt to minimize the toxic effects of high-dose CBDCA (800 mg/m2), a pilot study was undertaken in which women with relapsed or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer were treated with high-dose CBDCA, which was followed 3 hours later with DDTC (4 g/m2). There were four partial responses and no complete response in 21 patients who could be evaluated (overall response rate, 19%). Significant toxic effects, including three treatment-related deaths, were associated with the regimen. This study suggests that while high-dose CBDCA plus DDTC may be active in relapsed or refractory ovarian cancer, it is associated with clinically significant hematologic and autonomic toxic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Drug-induced bronchial asthma].

In any case of acute bronchoconstriction the possibility of an adverse reaction to a drug should be considered. In many of such side reactions no allergic mechanism can be detected. Therefore, they are included into the category of pseudoallergic reactions (PAR). The clinically most important form of drug-induced bronchial asthma, analgesics asthma, belongs to this PAR group. A further risk for asthmatics are intravenous applications of contrast-media for roentgenography which in about 15% induce a severe, sometimes life-threatening pseudo-allergic adverse reaction. In asthmatics, the application of any beta-receptor blocking agents and also the use of parasympathicotonic eye drops for treatment of glaucoma are contraindicated. Paradoxical bronchial constriction following application of antiasthmatics are preponderantly caused by locally irritative actions, less frequently by genuine allergic phenomena or additive intolerance. The most reliable prophylaxis against drug-induced bronchial asthma consists in strong avoidance of all derivatives possibly capable to trigger any intolerance. A respective warning should entered into the emergency passport.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1988

Atrial natriuretic peptide counteracts angiotensin-II-induced impairment of renal function.

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on angiotensin II (AT II)-induced impairment of renal function. Female Sprague Dawley were used in this study. After anesthesia and surgical procedure, animals were infused with AT II at two different doses (group I, 15 micrograms/kg BW/min and group II, 15 ng/kg BW/min) into the left renal artery. Subsequently, alpha-ANP was infused intrarenally (left kidney, LK) at 2 micrograms/kg BW/min. Controls received isotonic saline only. In all cases the right and noninfused kidney (RK) served as control organ. In all animals, AT II led to a dose-dependent compromise of kidney function of the LK. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had decreased to 0.16 +/- 0.06 ml/min and 0.41 +/- 0.12 ml/min in group I and II, respectively. Subsequent ANP infusion induced a significant increase of GFR to 0.83 +/- 0.23 (p less than 0.01) and 0.99 +/- 0.20 (p less than 0.05) ml/min in group I and II, respectively. Urinary volume (V) exhibited a slight but not significant increase following AT II infusion. ANP infusion led to a highly significant increase of V in both groups. A less pronounced, but significant increase of absolute sodium excretion of the LK was observed in both groups after AT II infusion. Absolute potassium excretion did not change in this phase of the experiment. ANP infusion induced a significant increase in both parameters. Isotonic saline had no effect on all parameters measured. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) had increased dose dependent following AT II infusion. After ANP infusion, a significant diminution of MAP to basal values was obtained from both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1988

[Therapy of asthma with theophylline preparations].

Theophylline, 1.3-dimethylpurindione-(2.6), is a common component as well of the basic treatment of obstructive lung disease as of the emergency therapy of asthma. Until now, the mode of action of the bronchodilating effect is not elucidated. Probably, the antagonistic action upon adenosine plays a central role. The clearance of theophylline is decisive for the serum level. It varies inter- and intraindividually, depending upon different factors, e. g. simultaneous application of other drugs, coexisting diseases, and circadian rhythms. Slow-release preparations are a progress in the basic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Among other items, they are especially advantageous in the treatment of bronchial obstructions during night-time. Theophylline-ethylendiamine (aminophylline) can be given intravenously and thus is the drug of choice in severe attacks of asthma. For optimal therapeutic effects, serum levels between 8 and 20 micrograms/ml are necessary. Side effects are observed mainly with serum levels above 15 micrograms/ml, concerning gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Mild side effects are frequent. The most serious adverse reaction are epileptiform reactions. In perspective, by differentiation of adenosine-receptor-subtypes, the development of new xanthine-derivatives with most favourable action could be feasible.

Asthma↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical use of theophylline retard Oranienburg].

Theophylline retard "Oranienburg" has been applied in mild and intermediate forms of bronchial asthma as monotherapy (n = 40), and in severe forms of the disease in combination with other antiasthmatics (n = 21). With a dose of 560 mg twice daily the drug showed effective antiasthmatic activity which was especially evident from the possible reduction of corticosteroid requirement. The relative high rate of side effects from the drug can be lowered by stepwise increase and individual adjustment of the dose. In general, treatment should start with 2 tablets per day, given with 12 hours interval. To preserve the slow-release action, tablets should not be cut in half. In individual cases, determination of serum level of the drug may be required. The narrow therapeutic margin and the influence of numerous factors upon the clearance of theophylline require a thorough dosage and observation of the patients. Thus, the favourable properties of the preparation (lasting serum levels, improved compliance by patients) can be fully used.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1988

[Some remarks on the Ural-Altaic substrate in Old Canary and Etruscan languages as a contribution to linguistic neolithic anthropology in Eurasia and North Africa].

The suffixes of the nominal declension in the Old Canary and Etruscan languages are very similar to the corresponding elements of the Sumerian and Ural-Altaic tongues. Also many words of funeral and generally cultic provenance are derived from common roots in these languages. So one may assume that the Indoeuropean tongues of (West) Europe overlaid a common substratum of Ural-Altaic type which was alive still in the time of Megalithicum.

Africa, Northern↗
PubMed1987

[Glucocorticosteroid therapy in bronchial asthma with special reference to the prevention of life-threatening bronchial obstruction in high-risk asthma].

The treatment of bronchial asthma with glucocorticosteroids requires consideration of unequivocal principles which include strong indication, considering the individual risk-benefit-relation. Glucocorticosteroids should be fitted in a medicamentous-therapeutic hierarchy. Inhalable glucocorticosteroids hardly cause systemic side effects, so they are very suitable for the continuous treatment, if the need in glucocorticosteroids is low. The indication for systemic application of glucocorticosteroid, their side effects, relative contraindications and pharmacological interactions are given. Careful analyses of cases of death, caused by bronchial asthma in accordance show that an inadequate glucocorticosteroid-therapy was the most important avoidable factor. The attention of the clinicians must be directed on a small group of patients characterised by high risk of death ("high-risk-asthma"). These patients, having certain clinical signs, need not only special intensive care, but also experienced, early and sufficient treatment with glucocorticosteroids to prevent life threatening situations.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

[Comparison of variability in wall thickness for sex determination of cremated cadavers].

The amount of information provided by cremations is primarily determined by the general state of preservation. Consequently the possibilities of sex determination by means of morphognostic methods are limited due to a mostly poor representation of fragments which can be of diagnostic value. Therefore an improval of methods has to focus on those skeletal elements that occur in every or almost every batch. These are in particular fragments of the diaphyses and the cranial vault. Wall thicknesses are measured and the values of those individuals that cannot be sexed by conventional methods are compared to an intragroup reference. Following the principle of the morphognostic series about 25% of previously not sexable individuals can now be assigned.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The significance of paraaortic node status in carcinoma of the cervix and endometrium.

Survival in 115 women with cervical carcinoma and 55 patients with carcinoma of the endometrium was correlated with the status of paraaortic lymph nodes and the clinical stage of disease. The survival probability at 48 months for patients with cervical cancer who had negative paraaortic lymph nodes was 86% for stage IB in comparison to 67% for those with advanced disease (clinical stages II, III, and IV). The difference of 19% between these two groups was not statistically significant nor was there a statistical difference in survival between early and advanced disease groups when paraaortic nodes contained tumor (37 vs 20%). For all stages of cervical cancer, survival was 80% with negative nodes and 20% with positive nodes at 48 months. In patients with endometrial carcinoma and negative paraaortic lymph nodes, projected survival at 48 months was 72% for stage I and 77% for stages II and III. When paraaortic lymph nodes demonstrated metastatic disease, survival uniformly decreased to 27% of patients with stage I cancer and 25% of those with stage II and III disease. For all stages of endometrial cancer, survival was 76% with negative nodes and 26% with positive nodes at 48 months. The presence or absence of metastatic disease in the paraaortic lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor that appears to be more useful in predicting survival than clinical stage of disease in patients with cervical and endometrial cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Protease inhibitor prevents bronchoconstriction in man.

In order to assess the potential role of protease inhibitors in airways regulation in asthma, we have studied the effects of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA) in 74 patients with various forms of bronchial asthma. The effects were assessed in challenge tests by changes in PEF or FEV1 following oral administration of analgesics, exercise or allergen inhalation. PAMBA was used in a single blind manner with lactose as placebo. PAMBA administered orally (1.0 g) was found to reduce significantly the maximal change in FEV1, PEF following challenge in patients with analgesic-induced asthma (n = 30; p less than or equal to 0.01), exercise-induced asthma (n = 37; p less than or equal to 0.01) or allergen-induced asthma (n = 7; p less than or equal to 0.05). We suggest that PAMBA reduces the accumulation of bronchoconstrictory metabolites of arachidonic acid via inhibition of phospholipase A2.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗