[Comparative studies of treatments with cefepime and ceftazidime in patients with pneumonia].
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Cefepime↗
Biomedical subjects
S Huang
Publications and source records attributed to S Huang.
[The effects of smoking on pulmonary IgA and immune response to antigen in young smokers].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of smoking on pulmonary immune function. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers, of them 5 smokers and another 7 nonsmokers, underwent right middle lobe bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial instillation of KLH into lingula. Dimeric and monomeric IgA, albumin and cellular differential count in BALF were measured. Serum anti-KLH IgA was tested at various days after instillation of antigen. RESULTS: The level of monomeric IgA, counts of neutrophils and pulmonary macrophages in BALF of smokers were significantly higher than nonsmokers. Positive correlations were found between mIgA, and albumin and neutrophils counts. Serum anti-KLH IgA level in smokers increased slower and decreased earlier than in nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking causes inflammatory responses in lung and injures pulmonary immune response to antigen in young smokers.
Adult↗
[A study on the relationship between viral infections and asthma in adults].
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between viral infections and asthma in adults, and the mechanism that viruses lead asthma. METHODS: The sera from 130 adults of asthma and 20 normal controls are both tested for specific IgG and IgM of RSV, ADV3, ADV7, PIVI, PIVIII and CMV by an indirect ELISA, then the result is compared by chi 2 test. The RSV-IgM positive patients obtained from above and normal controls are both tested for RSV-IgE by the indirect ELISA and for titres of interferon(IFN) by microcytopathic-inhibiting-test, the results are both compared by t test. RESULTS: Almost all the patients have one or more viral infections, the highest infective rate is RSV, the total positive rates of IgG and IgM are 78%, compared with controls, chi 2 = 47.6, P < 0.00001. The acute infection can enhance asthma. From 17 patients of RSV-IgM positive, the sera titres of RSV-IgE are higher than controls apparently (t = 2.45, P < 0.05), IFN levels are lower than controls significantly (t = 2.83, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: That asthma breaks out or becomes heavier in adults has close relationship with respiratory viruses infections, especially with RSV. Its mechanism is relative to the immune injury of viruses, hypersensitivity-type I and lower titres of immune regulating factor of IFN.
Adult↗
[Effect of Jiunaoning injection on overload of intracellular free calcium of cerebral cortex induced by glutamic acid or 5-hydroxytryptamine in fetal rats].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Jiunaoning Injection (JNNI) on overload of intracellular free calcium of cerebral cortex induced by glutamic acid or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in fetal rats. METHODS: Double wavelength spectrofluorometer with Fura-2/AM as the fluorescence indicator for intracellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) was used to measure the changes of [Ca2+]i in instantly separated cortical nerve cells of newborn rats affected by glutamic acid or 5-HT, as well as the interference of JNNI on it. RESULTS: Glutamic acid or 5-HT could elevate the intracellular [Ca2+]i dose-dependently and induce [Ca2+]i overload. JNNI could restrain the elevation markedly so as to protect the neurocytes from injury of glutamic acid and 5-HT. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of JNNI in treating apoplexy is related with its action in suppressing the toxic substances as glutamic acid and 5-HT, restraining the opening of receptor dependent calcium channel, reducing the external cellular calcium influx and preventing the calcium overload effectively.
Animals↗
[Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on cortical bone of ovariectomized rats].
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of recombinant human growth hormone on cortical bone of middle femur and vertebra of variectomized rats. METHODS: Forty 6 month-old SD rats received low or high dose of growth hormone subcutaneously 3 months after ovariectomy for 8 weeks. Bone density and biomechanical strength of the femur were measured, and the thickness of cortical bone of the middle femur and L(2) vertebra was observed. The results were compared with those in estrogen group. RESULTS: Growth hormone increased the thickness of cortical bone and biomechanical strength and bone density. Estrogen therapy showed no effects on bone density and biomechanical strength of cortical bone. CONCLUSION: Recombinant human growth hormone can prevent bone loss from cortical bone of ovariectomized rat.
Animals↗
[Control genes of chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritic articular cartilage].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of bax and bcl-2 in normal human articular chondrocytes and in osteoarthritic articular cartilage. METHODS: The samples of articular cartilage were obtained from 9 patients and 6 normal subjects. Bax and bcl-2 mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and their expression proteins were analyzed immunohistochemically. TUNEL technique was used to study apoptosis in situ. RESULTS: Bax and bcl-2 mRNA was detectable in chondrocytes of both osteoarthritic and normal cartilage. Bax mRNA of chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) was overexpressed compared with the normal controls (P < 0.01), and OA cartilage chondrocyte also expressed more bcl-2 mRNA than the controls (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of bax/bcl-2 between the two groups. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the same level of bax and bcl-2 proteins as their mRNA. A greater proportion of apoptotic chondrocytes were found in the OA cartilage than that in normal controls (4% - 14% versus 0 - 2%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that chondrocyte apoptosis was co-regulated by both bax and bcl-2. The ratio of bax to bcl-2 may contribute not only to the lower percentage of apoptotic chondrocytes, but also to the chronic pathologic process in OA.
Adult↗
[Lymph node metastasis and the extent of lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: report of 326 cases].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pattern of lymph node metastasis and the extent of lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. METHODS: 326 patients with gastric cancer admitted from 1990 to 1999 were analyzed retrospectively after D(2), D(3) or D(3) plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy (D(3) + PAL). RESULTS: The total incidence of lymph node metastasis was 69.9%; node involvement was 15.4% and 77.4% respectively for early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer. Depth of invasion, tumor size and histology affected lymph node metastasis significantly (P < 0.05). For T(1) patients, node involvement was mainly confined to N(1) and one patient had N(2) metastasis; 8.1% of T(2) patients and 28.7% of T(3), T(4) patients had N(3), M(1) lymph node metastasis. Among 107 patients who received D(3) + PAL, 16a2b1 lymph node metastasis was found in 15.0%. The patients who had 16a2b1 node involvement were all suffered from advanced gastric cancer and N(1)-N(2) node metastasis. In the patients with serosal invasion-positive tumors or tumors size over 5 cm, the incidence of 16a2b1 metastasis was high, and that of entire stomach cancer was up to 38.5%. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates for D(3) + PAL group were 60.7% and 50.0% respectively. After D(3) + PAL, the 1-and 2-year survival rate, of patients with 16a2b1 metastasis were 60.0%, 50.0% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: D(2) lymphadenectomy should be taken for patients with early gastric cancer and D(3) lymphadenectomy for those with relatively early' advanced gastric cancer. For advanced gastric cancer with suspect or confirmed N(1)-N(2) node metastasis, tumor size over 5 cm and/or serosa invasion, D(3) plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy appears to be a necessary surgical procedure.
Adult↗
[The epidemiological study of HIV infection among paid blood donors in one county of China].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the prevalence of HIV infection among paid blood donors and risk factors. METHODS: Selected the residents between 18 to 50 years old from two villages in one county of China in 1997. We observed the prevalence of HIV infection and keep following them to 2000. RESULTS: Nine hundred sixty-three residents were investigated and the prevalence of HIV was 1.8% (17/963). There were 88 paid blood donors among 963 interviewed subjects, the HIV prevalence was significantly higher (17.0% or 15/88) than those who didn't have the experiences of paid blood donations (0.2% or 2/875). Only one person out of 668 who were followed from 1997 to 2000 has converted to sero-positive, the incidence of HIV infection is 0.06 per 100 person-years. Nearly half of sero-negative and sero-positive people have the experiences of muscle injection. Among those with HIV-positive spouse, we found no one converted to sero-positive. The CD(4) count of those sero-positive people declined every year. HIV subtype and C2-V3 region sequence analysis were made for five HIV-positive people in 1998, the result indicated that all of them were infected with HIV-1 subtype B' and the genetic divergence rate was 2.4%. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of HIV among paid blood donors in some regions, and paid blood (plasma) donations were the main risk factor for HIV infection. Although no evidence suggests that during the follow-up period the epidemic of HIV infection has spread locally, it still shall take measurements to prevent further transmission of HIV through paid blood donors.
Adolescent↗
[Molecular diagnosis in a Korean family with thalassemia intermedia due to co-inheritance of triplicated alpha-globin genes (alphaalpha/alphaalphaalpha(anti 3.7)) and beta-thalassemia trait (IVS-II-1 G-->A)].
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the molecular abnormalities of beta-thalassemia intermedia in a Korean family with thalassemia intermedia. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot hybridization and double strand DNA cycle sequencing were used to analyse alpha, beta and gamma globin gene organization. RESULTS: In the Korean family the interaction between a triplicated alpha-globin locus and a heterozygous beta-thalassemia gave rise to a clinical phenotype of thalassemia. The molecular defect was a heterozygosity for a single beta-thalassemia mutation (beta IVS-II-1 G-->A) and a triplicated alpha-globin gene (alphaalpha/alphaalphaalpha(anti 3.7)). CONCLUSION: Beta-thalassemia heterozygotes conjuncted with alpha-globin gene triplication was the major cause of the beta-thalassemia intermedia in this Korean family.
Adult↗
[Protection of hematopoietic stem cells by MIP-1alpha and PF4 against the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents].
OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), alone and in combination, on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells against the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS: Bone marrow and cord blood mononuclear cells (BMMNC and CBMNC) and HL-60 cells were pretreated with MIP-1alpha, PF4, MIP-1alpha + PF4, and PBS respectively for 48 hours, and then incubated with DNR for an additional 24 hours. Cell viability, cell cycle, CD(34)(+) CD(38)(-) cells, colony forming units (CFU) and protein expression of p16, p27 gene were measured. RESULTS: (1) Cell viability, the number of CD(34)(+) CD(38)(-) cells and CFU yields of BMMNC and CBMNC in MIP-1alpha and PF4 groups were significantly higher than that in control groups (P < 0.05). (2) Cells in S + G(2) phase in MIP-1alpha and PF4 groups were significantly fewer than that in control groups (P < 0.05). (3) MIP-1alpha upregulated the expression of p16 gene of stem/progenitor cells. PF4 showed no effects on expression of both p16 and p27 genes. (4) Hematopoietic protection of MIP-1alpha was stronger than that of PF4. No cooperative effect could be seen in combination of the two agents. (5) Cell viability, cell cycle and expression of p16 and p27 gene of HL-60 cells were not affected by either MIP-1alpha or PF4. CONCLUSION: MIP-1alpha and PF4 can reversibly and selectively protect hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells against cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. MIP-1alpha can suppress cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of p16 gene and block the cell cycle at G(0) phase, resulting in the elevation of cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
[Study on the inhibitory activity, in vitro, of baicalein and baicalin against skin fungi and bacteria].
In this paper, we concentrated in examining, in vitro, the antiseptic activity of the baicalein and baicalin upon the seventeen pathogenic skin fungal and sixteen skin bacterial strains, these two flavonic compounds were known principally as the biosubstances of a traditional Chinese medicinal plant: Scutellaria baicalensis. In agar media, the baicalein possessed potent specific activity against the pathogenic yeasts with MICs of 70-100 micrograms/ml; But in the same condition, no inhibitory effect was observed upon dermatophytes and filamentous imperfect fungi for baicalein, and upon all used strains for baicalin. According to the antibacterial test of baicalein, a high efficacy was achieved against certain causative specie of axillary and foot's odour such as Micrococcus sedentarius, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. hominis and C. xerosis with a MICs inferior to 250 micrograms/ml. The good inhibitory activity of baicalein could be linked to the group hydroxyl (-OH) in position seven of the molecule.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
Gene rearrangement analysis of orbital lymphoid infiltrating disorders.
PURPOSE: To determine whether the use of polymerase chain reaction for B-cell gene rearrangement in patients with orbital lymphoid infiltrate disorders could be useful in the diagnosis of lymphoma, especially, in differentiating benign lesion from malignant one. METHODS: In addition to clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations, 48 cases of orbital lymphoid infiltrate disorders were examined for immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) gene rearrangement by means of PCR to amplify the FR3 region with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS: Gene rearrangement in the third frame-work of the IgH region was detected in specimens obtained from 15 cases of malignant lymphoma, 4 of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and 3 of orbital pseudotumor. All of these patients showed a discrete band (100 bp) which reflected monoclonal proliferation of B lymphocytes. 5 cases of malignant lymphoma, 6 of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and 15 of orbital pseudotumor did not show a discrete band on PCR. CONCLUSIONS: The FR3 region gene rearrangement of Ig heavy in patients with orbital lymphoid infiltrate disorders may be an additional diagnostic tool in differentiating benign from malignant lymphoid diseases and in offering a useful adjunct for diagnosis in difficult or unclear cases. It is a reliable and practical method of gene diagnosis in orbital lymphoid infiltrate disorders and helps to identify the molecular mechanism of malignant lymphoma.
Carrier Proteins↗
[The clinical application of different brightness and different saturation D-15 tests].
PURPOSE: To compare the clinical application of different brightness and different saturation D-15 tests. METHODS: Eighteen normal subjects (30 eyes), 19 cases (38 eyes) of congenital color vision defects and 36 cases (59 eyes) of eye diseases were tested with Panel D-15 test, Hann's double D-15 test, middle and low saturation CAS-PI (Psychological Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences) D-15 tests. RESULTS: A few of the normal eyes made minor errors in the low saturation D-15 tests. All of the protanopes and deuteranopes could be detected correctly. Protanomalias and deuteranomalias showed normal arrange or some type of abnormal arranges in all of the 5 sets of D-15 tests. In sick eyes, the abnormal rates were the highest in the low saturation D-15 tests and the lowest in Panel D-15 test. CONCLUSION: The five sets of different brightness and different saturation D-15 tests had similar efficiencies of detecting congenital color vision defects. The abnormal rates of CAS-PI(4/5)D-15 tests and the CAS-PI(2/5)D-15 tests were similar to those of Panel D-15 test and Hann's Double D-15 test. Both tests can be used in the clinical setting.
Adolescent↗
[A simplified six-item checklist for screening of fragile X syndrome].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a simplified six-item checklist could be developed to improve the screening fragile X syndrome test result. METHODS: Nine clinical characteristics were selected from patient records of 190 male and 18 female pediatrics for fragile X screening test were analyzed. The characteristics included mental retardation, family history of mental retardation, elongated face, large or prominent ears, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autistic-like behavior, simian crease, macroorchidism, and hyperextensible joints. RESULTS: Seven cases were diagnosed with fragile X syndrome by Southern analysis on PCR product. Among the nine characteristics, simian crease, macroorchidism, and hyperextensible joints were eliminated, because of low frequency and statistical insignificance. Using remaining six-item clinical checklist, if a score of 6 or more was used as the criteria for screening fragile X test, about 60% of this test in our cases could have been eliminated clinically without missing any positive cases. Thereby the proportion of case with positive results improved 8.8%. CONCLUSIONS: With our simplified six-item clinical checklist, 60% of testing could have been eliminated clinically, thereby improving the effectiveness of fragile X screening test and promoting the proportion of cases with positive results in two groups.
Adolescent↗
[Pharmacological action and health protection function of Pheretima].
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Amino Acids, Essential↗
[High temperature Raman spectra and micro-structure study of lithium metaborate and its melt].
Lithium metaborate (LiBO2) is studied by high temperature Raman spectroscopy from room temperature up to 1,673 K, and spectra drawing in different temperature are got. By analyzing, it focus on the phase transition, it is that the endless chains of BO3 triangles transform into rings of (B3O6)3- at about 1,123 K, and then the different kind of phase balance's motion occurs after 1,273 K which implies that both endless chain and ring have changed to CRN. In the drawing, the variation of peak's area rate implies the micro-structure information, and shows the process from order to disorder.
English Abstract↗
[Fluoride-oxide glass for high efficiency upconversion from IR to green].
In this paper, the fluoride-oxide glass doped with Er3+ for upconversion from IR to green was report. The component of sample in experiment is 60TeO2-8PbF2-10AlF3-10BaF2-10NaF-2ErO3/2, and the prepared method is obtained. The absorption spectrum was measured at room temperature. Intense green upconversion emissions from Er3+ doped the sample were observed under 808 nm and 970 nm excitation, and the upconversion emissions spectra under 808 nm and 970 nm LD excitation were measured at room temperature. The upconversion mechanics was discussed. The relationship between working currents of LD and intensity of upconversion emissions has been studied. The results was improved that needs of two photons for upconversion process under 808 nm and 970 nm excitation respectively.
English Abstract↗
Identification of a cytochrome b-type NAD(P)H oxidoreductase ubiquitously expressed in human cells.
Cytochrome b-type NAD(P)H oxidoreductases are involved in many physiological processes, including iron uptake in yeast, the respiratory burst, and perhaps oxygen sensing in mammals. We have identified a cytosolic cytochrome b-type NAD(P)H oxidoreductase in mammals, a flavohemoprotein (b5+b5R) containing cytochrome b5 (b5) and b5 reductase (b5R) domains. A genetic approach, using BLAST searches against DBEST for FAD-, NAD(P)H-binding sequences followed by reverse transcription-PCR, was used to clone the complete cDNA sequence of human b5+b5R from the hepatoma cell line Hep 3B. Compared with the classical single-domain b5 and b5R proteins localized on endoplasmic reticulum membrane, b5+b5R also has binding motifs for heme, FAD, and NAD(P)H prosthetic groups but no membrane anchor. The human b5+b5R transcript was expressed at similar levels in all tissues and cell lines that were tested. The two functional domains b5* and b5R* are linked by an approximately 100-aa-long hinge bearing no sequence homology to any known proteins. When human b5+b5R was expressed as c-myc adduct in COS-7 cells, confocal microscopy revealed a cytosolic localization at the perinuclear space. The recombinant b5+b5R protein can be reduced by NAD(P)H, generating spectrum typical of reduced cytochrome b with alpha, beta, and Soret peaks at 557, 527, and 425 nm, respectively. Human b5+b5R flavohemoprotein is a NAD(P)H oxidoreductase, demonstrated by superoxide production in the presence of air and excess NAD(P)H and by cytochrome c reduction in vitro. The properties of this protein make it a plausible candidate oxygen sensor.
Amino Acid Sequence↗