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Biomedical subjects

S Hu

Publications and source records attributed to S Hu.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Clinical analysis of 1539 cases undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical factors affecting the outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: 1539 patients were divided into the following two groups based on admission sequence: group I (n = 570), 1974-1994; group II (n = 969), 1995-1998. Comparison of clinical data and procedure between the two groups was made. RESULTS: After CABG, 1482 patients were alleviated from angina, 57 patients died within 30 days of operation, with an overall mortality rate of 3.7%. The mortality rates in group I and group II were 7.9% and 1.2%, respectively. Since 1995, the mortality rate has significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: CABG is a safe and effective therapy for coronary heart disease. Surgical technique is a key factor affecting the outcome of CABG in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Early results of 1,110 cases of coronary artery bypass].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce our experience with Coronary artery bypass. METHODS: From January 1996 to March 1999, coronary artery bypass was in 1110 patients at our hospital. They were 985 men and 125 women, aged 27 - 78 years (57 +/- 9). 500 patients were aged over 60 years. 670 patients had a history of myocardial infarction. 450 patients suffered from instable, and 460 from stable angina. 169 patients had stenosis of the left main trunk (>or= 50%). The heart function of 240 patients was over NYHA class III, the EF of 123 patients was less than 40%. 454 patients were associated with hypertension, 133 with diabetes, 131 with ventricular aneurysm, 48 with valvular disease, and 5 with rupture of ventricular septal. 1048 procedures were performed on hypothermia cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 60 on beating heart. Myocardial preservation was carried out by cold blood cardioplegia with potassium. The average time of CPB was 115 +/- 35 minutes, and that of aortic cross clamp was 72 +/- 24 minutes 110 cases received one graft, 145 cases two grafts, 415 cases three grafts, and 439 cases four and more than four grafts. Left internal mammary artery, great saphenous vein, and radial artery were used as coronary artery bypass conduits on 751, 877 and 101 patients, respectively. Total arterial myocardial revascularization was performed on 72 patients. Concomitant operation included ventricular aneurysmetomy (112 cases), plication (14), left ventriculoplasty (5), valvular procedures (48), repair ventricular septal rupture (5). RESULTS: 1 101 patients were discharged uneventfully. Early death occurred in 9 patients, (0.81%). Complication included low cardiac output (11 cases), introaortic balloon pump (7), perioperative myocardial infarction (2), complication of brain (3), and rethoractomy for bleeding (4). CONCLUSIONS: To identify adequate target vessel and completely revascularize ischemic myocardium are the key of coronary artery bypass. Perioperative treatment is important.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Retreatment after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of reoperation of residual myopia because of regression, undercorrection with or without coexisting severe corneal haze after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: A VISK 20/20 excimer laser was used to treat myopia of -1.00 to -16.50 diopters (spherical equivalent) at corneal plane. 35 patients (51 eyes) who had residual myopia because of regression, undercorrection with or without coexisting severe corneal haze after initial PRK were retreated by using PRK and phototherapeutic keratectomy. RESULTS: At 12 months after retreatment, the rates of uncorrected visual acuity more than or equal to 10/20 or 20/20 were 82.6% and 39.1% respectively, 100.0% and 50.0% in myopia up to -6.00 D, 73.3% and 33.3% in myopia of -6.25 to -16.50 D respectively. 86.3% of eyes were within +/- 1.00 diopters of desired emmetropia. Corneal haze after retreatment was not greater than that observed after initial procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The residual myopia because of regression, undercorrection with or without severe corneal haze after initial PRK can be successfully retreated. Although the therapeutic result of retreatment of PRK is less successful than that of the initial procedure, retreatment appears to enhance it.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Histopathology studies on 8,673 cases of ocular adnexal hyperplastic lesions and tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the histopathologic classification of ocular adnexal hyperplastic lesions and tumors according to the histogenesis and the anatomic sites. METHOD: To analyze retrospectively the pathologic specimens of 8,673 cases of ocular adnexal hyperplastic lesions and tumors between 1961 - 1997. RESULTS: There were 7,265 benign cases (83.77%), and 1,408 malignant cases (16.23%). Classification by anatomic sites: eye lid 5,313 cases (61.26%), orbit 1,484 cases (17.11%) and epibulbar 1,876 cases (21.63%). Classification by histogenesis: (1) Primary tumor 6,679 cases: epitheliogenic 2,481 cases (37.15%), mesenchymal 753 cases (11.27%), lympho-hematopoietic 102 cases (1.53%), neurogenic 1,542 cases (23.09%), congenital abnormal embryogenetic 1,767 cases (26.46%), uncertain resource tumor 34 cases (0.50%). (2) Secondary tumor 13 cases; (3) Metastatic tumor 9 cases; (4) Non-tumor lesion 1,972 cases. CONCLUSION: The classification is helpful to the histopathologic diagnosis and the study about the detailed distribution of common ocular adnexal hyperplastic lesions and rare tumors, and it also increases the pathologic diagnostic data in North China.

Eyelid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

[A study of anterior segment structures in primary infantile glaucoma eyes by ultrasound biomicroscopy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate anterior segment structures in primary infantile glaucoma (PIG) eyes by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in vivo. METHODS: UBM high frequency transducer (50 mHz) was used to measure and observe the anterior segment of 38 PIG cases (58 eyes). RESULTS: No matter the severity of the disease or the age at onset, the most significant characteristics of the diseased eyes are relative positional changes between scleral spur and angle apex. In three forth of the eyes, the scleral spur lay in the lateral or posterior-lateral site of the angle apex and in one forth of the eyes the site of the tip of scleral spur was parallel with the iris root insertion. The thickness and length of ciliary processes in the eyes of PIG were greater than that of the normal infantile eyes. The ciliary processes were anteriorly displaced, pulled towards the lens, and part of them got into contact with the iris. CONCLUSIONS: The relative positional changes between scleral spur and angle apex in diseased eyes indicate that the poor development of scleral spur and the iris anterior insertion are the basic pathogenesis in PIG.

Anterior Eye Segment↗
PubMed1999

[The role of the leukocytes in pathogenesis of secondary brain injury].

The levels of leukocyte count, neutrophil number, leukocyte adhesiveness, leukocyte releasing oxygen-free radical (O2.-) after phagocytosing bacteria and serum lipid peroxide MDA were determined in the peripheral blood of 40 patients with acute head injury within 48 hours and 22 normal adults. These levels of patients were significantly higher than those of the controls (P < 0.05), and increased with the severity of craniocerebral injury elevation. The leukocyte count and neutrophil number of those patients who died were significantly higher than these of those survived patients (P < 0.05). It suggested that leukocytes aggravated the secondary brain injury after craniocerebral injury by increasing of leukocyte adhesiveness, and generating and releasing oxygen-free radical, and measurement of leukocyte count and neutrophil number in the peripheral blood could evaluate the prognosis of the patient with craniocerebral injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Enhanced cytotoxicity of VM-26 in human malignant glioma cells by calcium channel blocker nicardipine in vitro].

Using the monolay tumor cell culture system and the method or MTT colorimetric analysis, the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug VM-26 and Nicardipine(NCDP) in human malignant glioma cell line U251 was studied. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of VM-26 in U251 was enhanced by NCDP at a low dose which did not show direct cytotoxicity. The authors considered that VM-26 combined with NCDP can heighten the intracellular anticancer drug concentration, reverse the drug resistance and heterogeneity in human malignant glioma cells. The mechanism of the enhanced effect was also discussed. These findings will provide an alternative chemotherapeutic clue to treat the postoperative malignant gliomas.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Efficacy of tianlong xifeng granule (TXG) in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction of ganyanghuafengzheng].

In this article 412 patients with acute cerebral infarction of ganyanghuafengzheng are analyzed in order to compare the efficacy between TXG and xixian tongshuan pill(XTP). The patients were randomly divided into two groups: 305 patients in Group I were treated with TXG, and 107 patients in Group II treated with XTP. The results showed that the curative rate in Group I was 69.84%, while in Group II 46.73%. It is indicated that the efficacy of TXG is superior to that of XTP. No toxicity and side effect were found in the above two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Preliminary study of a new concept for left ventricular assistance dynamic aortic valve].

Dynamic aortic valve, a novel design for left ventricular assistance is proposed. An impeller similar to the airscrew is placed in the position of aortic valve. The impeller is held by a pair of bearings in the center of a cylindrical supporting cage which is located in the lumen of the aorta ascendens. The supporting cage is attached to the valve annulus by a sewing ring of textile cuff around the outside of the cage. A rotor is fitted into the cage and connected to the impeller with a common shaft. The cage supports the aortic wall, thus prevents the rotor from founching the wall and allows the rotor to rotate freely. A stator, functioning as that of the electric motor, is located outside the aortic wall. When actuated, the magnetic field generated by the stator would drive the rotor to turning, and the axial flow of blood from ventricular to the aorta would be produced, resulting in the reduction of the ventricular load. We studied this concept in a simulating model. The result suggests that this design be reasonable. Further exploration of this concept is justified.

Heart Valve Prosthesis↗
PubMed1999

[Experimental studies of Chinese taihe chicken on effects of "Qi" reinforcing and "Yin" nourishing].

The "Qi" deficiency and "Yin" deficiency rats were fed with Chinese Taihe Chicken or common Chicken. The results showed: Chinese Taihe Chicken and common Chicken could all improve in part the "Qi" deficiency of rats caused by forced swimming, furthermore, the effect of Chinese Taihe Chicken was better than that of common Chicken. Chinese Taihe Chicken could obviously reduce the activity of adenosine triphosphatase of kidney tissue of "Yin" deficiency rats caused by injecting thyroxine. It suggested that Chinese Taihe Chicken could nourish the "Yin".

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1998

Unusual propargylic oxidations catalyzed by chloroperoxidase.

This paper describes a new chloroperoxidase oxidative activity, namely, propargylic oxidations. Under appropriate conditions, chloroperoxidase catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of 2-alkynes to aldehydes via alcohol intermediates. Both hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide can serve as terminal oxidants. The triple bond in the substrate is usually untouched. A free radical mechanism is proposed for the initial hydroxylation step in the overall reaction.

Alkynes↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of selenium status on the morbidity of interstitial pneumonia in rats infected with mycoplasma].

To investigate the effect of selenium(Se) status on morbidity and process of interstitial pneumonia, we used the Wistar rats as the animal model infected with Mycoplasma Pneumonia (MP). The rats were maintained on the based diets with different doses of Se, infected with MP and exposed to sodium selenite(1.5-2.0 ml/day, containing Se 2 micrograms/ml) or 0.9% NaCl (1.5-2.0 ml/d) by gavage for different time. The experimental rats were divided into five groups, group A, feeding with normal control diet and without infected MP, group B with adequate Se diet and infected MP, group C with Se deficiency diet infected MP and added Se at the same time, group D with Se deficiency diet and added Se after suffered with MP, and group E with Se deficiency diet and infected MP. The results showed that the MP morbidity of the rats fed with high Se diet was significantly lower than that of the rats fed with low Se diet. The pathological change was significant in the low Se group and relatively mild in the high Se group. After infected with MP, the supplementation of sodium selenite to the low Se rats might decrease the MP morbidity and shorten the disease course compared with the group without supplementing Se. The incidence of myocarditis in the infected group with normal Se level diet or in the infected group with Se supplement was lower than that in the group without Se supplementation. The concentrations of Se in plasma and glutathione peroxidase in plasma and white blood cells decreased to a certain level after infection. The present study indicated a positive influence of Se supplement on the morbidity, disease course, and state of interstitial pneumonia in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Caspase-14 is a novel developmentally regulated protease.

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases related to interleukin-1 converting enzyme (ICE) and represent the effector arm of the cell death pathway. The zymogen form of all caspases is composed of a prodomain plus large and small catalytic subunits. Herein we report the characterization of a novel caspase, MICE (for mini-ICE), also designated caspase-14, that possesses an unusually short prodomain and is highly expressed in embryonic tissues but absent from all adult tissues examined. In contrast to the other short prodomain caspases (caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-7), MICE preferentially associates with large prodomain caspases, including caspase-1, caspase-2, caspase-4, caspase-8, and caspase-10. Also unlike the other short prodomain caspases, MICE was not processed by multiple death stimuli including activation of members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and expression of proapoptotic members of the bcl-2 family. Surprisingly, however, overexpression of MICE itself induced apoptosis in MCF7 human breast cancer cells, which was attenuated by traditional caspase inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Macaques infected with cloned simian immunodeficiency virus show recurring nef gene alterations.

We compared nef gene sequences isolated by polymerase chain reaction from peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA of macaques that had been inoculated with either biologically (E11S) or molecularly (clone 8) cloned SIV/Mne. Two samples from each animal obtained either early (weeks 2-8) or late (weeks 21-137) after infection were analyzed. Three substitutions in the predicted Nef amino acid sequence were seen in all animals at the late time point, and two other substitutions were seen in all except one. Two of the common exchanges are located approximately 40 residues apart in the Nef core sequence but are juxtaposed on the tertiary structure as judged by computer modeling using the structure of the HIV Nef core protein as a guide. Most recurrent in vivo changes replaced a residue found in the cloned Nef sequence with one present in a consensus derived by aligning the Nef sequences of the SIV/Sm clade. Recombinant virus containing a macaque-adapted (MA nef) nef on the clone 8 backbone was 3-fold more infectious on SMAGI cells than the original virus. A lymphocyte line infected with SIV-clone 8-MAnef contained a large proportion of cells carrying provirus with defective nef genes. These findings suggest that the nef gene of the cloned SIV/Mne had undergone attenuating mutations during propagation in tissue culture that were "corrected" in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of selenium on children suffered from Mycoplasma pneumonia].

In order to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Selenium (Se) on Mycoplasma pneumonia, a clinical study was conducted in hospitalized patients using a double blind controlled method. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, the control patients received the routine treatment, and the supplemented group was given 1 mg sodium selenite one time only in addition to the routine treatment. The present study showed that concomitant of Se and routine treatment was superior to routine treatment alone in terms of improvement of clinical signs, time needed for relieving symptoms and signs (P < 0.05). The levels of Se and glutathione peroxidase in plasma and white blood cell were increased in Se supplemented group (P < 0.05). Higher proportion of patients in the treated group showed normalization of T cell subset parameters as compared with the control group. It can be concluded that supplementation of Se would be conducive to the improvement of the nutritional status and the increase of the ability of resisting-infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Kappa-opioid potentiation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced anti-HIV-1 activity in acutely infected human brain cell cultures.

Opioids have been postulated to play an immunomodulatory role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1. Synthetic kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) ligands have been found to inhibit HIV-1 expression in acutely infected microglial cell cultures. We recently found that interleukin(IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha have antiviral effects in acutely infected mixed glial/neuronal cell cultures. In the present study, we investigated whether selective KOR ligands would exert antiviral effects in acutely infected brain cell cultures. While the KOR ligand trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N[2-(1-pyrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]benze neaceamide methanesulfonate (U50,488) alone had little anti-HIV-1 activity, this opioid potentiated in a concentration-dependent manner the antiviral activity of TNF-alpha, but not of IL-1beta. The potentiating effect of U50,488 was detected after a 6-hr pretreatment and peaked at 24 hr. The KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine completely blocked the potentiating effect of U50,488, suggesting the involvement of a KOR-mediated mechanism. Antibodies to TNF-alpha completely blocked the potentiating effect of U50,488, suggesting a critical role for TNF-alpha. Antibodies to IL-1beta blocked the potentiating effect of U50,488, suggesting that IL-1beta was released following U50,488 treatment, which might contribute to the potentiating effect of U50,488. These in vitro findings support the notion that synthetic kappa-opioids could be considered as potential adjunctive therapeutic agents in HIV-1-related brain disease.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
PubMed1998

Kappa-opioid modulation of human microglial cell superoxide anion generation.

Opioids have been postulated to play an immunomodulatory role in the CNS. Recently, we found that priming microglia with interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha resulted in an enhanced production of superoxide anion, a reactive oxygen intermediate that may be pathogenic during brain inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N[2-(1-pyrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]benze neaceamide methanesulfonate (U50,488), a selective kappa-opioid ligand, on microglial cell superoxide production when cells were primed with cytokines or stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate. While treatment of microglial cells with U50,488 had little effect on nonstimulated or stimulated superoxide production, this opioid inhibited (by >70%) the priming effects of cytokines. Maximal inhibition of microglial cell superoxide generation by U50,488 was observed at 10 nM for the priming effect of interferon-gamma and at 1 microM for tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Pretreatment of microglial cell cultures for 30 min with an equal concentration of the selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) completely blocked the inhibitory effect of U50,488. The results of this study suggest that kappa-opioids may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases of the CNS involving reactive oxygen intermediates produced by activated microglia.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗