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Biomedical subjects

S Horiguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Horiguchi.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[A case of optic atrophy of a lead worker (author's transl)].

We found bilateral optic atrophy and visual field defects (paracentral scotoma and blind spot enlargement) in a worker who had been engaged in lead refining work in a lead refinery factory for 30 years. The worker is a 53-year-old Japanese male with no specific family and past histories. He complained of headache and vertigo after getting up in the morning for the past several years. He had several examinations in departments of psychiatry, otorhinopharyngolaryngology, neurosurgery and ophthalmology. Abnormal findings were not obtained by neurological examinations, electroencephalography, CT scanning for the head, Doppler test for jugular, vertebral and ophthalmic arteries, and equilibrium function (nystagmus) tests, except for labyrinthine deafness. Though the environmental conditions in this factory had been much improved recently, considerable high concentrations of lead were found till around 1965. Considering the results of hematological examinations for the past 30 years, it is clear that he had been affected by lead. We suspect that the causative relationship exists between lead exposure and optic atrophy and visual field defects.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of lead on intracellular water content of human red blood cells. Part 1. An experiment in vitro (author's transl)].

We observed in vitro experiment that lead increased osmotic resistance of normal human erythrocytes and decreased mean corpuscular volume and intracellular potassium. Though the mechanism of the increased osmotic resistance of erythrocytes caused by lead has not yet been completely clarified, the following hypothesis could be accepted. Lead causes leakage of water from erythrocytes, which means that more water can enter the cell before hemolysis occurs. But there has been no report of direct measurement of the intracellular water content of erythrocytes treated with lead. This paper tried to clarify the relationship between intracellular water and osmotic resistance of lead treated erythrocytes in vitro experiment. The results were: 0.05 mumol/ml of lead increases osmotic resistance, trapped water content and plasma water content of normal human blood and decreases intracellular water content after incubation for 2 hours at 37 degrees C.

Body Water↗
PubMed1981

[Studies on industrial styrene poisoning (part XII). Electron-microscopic observations on the mucosal membrane of respiratory tracts of rats exposed to styrene. (author's transl)].

The influences which are known to be caused by styrene on the human body are stimulation of the mucosal membrane and atrophy of the central nervous system. There are several clinical reports and animal experiments concerning the stimulation of the mucosal membrane, and styrene is presumed to stimulate the mucosal membrane of the nose. To the best of our knowledge, however, there have been no reports describing histological pathology of the mucosal membrane of the nose induced by exposure to styrene. Accordingly we made animal experiments using rats in order to see influences of styrene on the mucosal membrane of the upper and lower respiratory tracts including the mucosal membrane of the nose, and could confirm the following changes electron-microscopically: 1. Increases in the amount of mucous adhering to cilia, 2. Occasional formation of compound cilia, 3. Appearance of substances having a higher electron-microscopic density within the cytoplasm of various epithelial cells, 4. Degeneration of secretory granules of goblet cells--changes in electron-microscopic density, appearance of cores with a higher electron-microscopic density, 5. Nuclear pyknosis, 6. Vacuolization of various epithelial cells, and 7. Separation and falling-off of the epithelial cell layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Distribution, elimination and retention of styrene in rats.

In rats exposed to styrene for 4 hours, the rate constant of elimination and biological half life of styrene were 0.11 and about 6 hours for adipose tissue, and 0.3 to 0.4 and about 2 hours for the other tissues, respectively. The relative ratio of apparent distribution of styrene decreased in the order adipose tissue much greater than liver greater than brain greater than kidney greater than blood not equal to spleen greater than muscle. Almost the same results were obtained in the experiment by intraperitoneal injection of styrene. Repeated 4-hour exposures at about 700 ppm daily for five days caused the results similar to those in a single exposure. A trend of increase in concentration of styrene was observed in adipose tissue by 5 successive intraperitoneal injections every 6 hours at a dose of 350 mg/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Studies on the industrial styrene poisoning (Part X). Determination of styrene in biological materials by gas chromatography (author's transl)].

For monitoring solvents exposure, it is useful to determine not only metabolites of the solvents in urine but also the solvents themselves in blood and tissues. In a series of studies on the industrial styrene poisoning, we have been determining styrene in blood and other tissues as occasion calls. Our examination of the method is presented in this report. The outline on the method is as follows: Aliquots of 0.5g of tissues being added 5 ml of n-hexane are homogenized by a high-speed homogenizer (Polytoron) for 10 to 30 seconds and the filtrates containing extracts are analyzed for styrene by gas chromatography. The linearity was ascertained from the calibration curve obtained by adding the known quantities of styrene (4, 10, 20, 40, 100 ppm) to the blood, liver and adipose tissues of rats. Rates of recoveries of styrene from the above tissues were 92 to 101 per cent. Reproducibility of this method was examined by repeating determinations of styrene in the blood, liver and adipose tissues of rats exposed to 500 ppm styrene for 4 hours, the coefficients of variation being 2.8 to 14.0 per cent. There was an approximately linear relationship between the styrene concentration (0 to 1,000 ppm) of the exposed air and those in the blood of exposed rats. We conclude that our simple and rapid method is applicable to determination of solvents other than styrene in organs and tissues by combining suitable solvents for extraction and packings of gas chromatography.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fetal globoid cell leukodystrophy in one of twins.

Twins with high-risk globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) at the 6th gestational month were studied morphologically and enzymatically. One of them was affected and the other was probably the carrier of this disease. Central nervous system and other viscera developed normally for the gestational age in both fetuses. The lesions of GLD were found in the fetus with marked deficiency of galactocerebrosidase, but not in the probable carrier. The lesions were located only in the considerably myelinated areas viz., the brain stem and the spinal cord. Ultrastructurally, the globoid cells in the fetal GLD seemed to originate from glial cells, probably oligodendroglia.

Abortion, Legal↗