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Biomedical subjects

S Honma

Publications and source records attributed to S Honma.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Therapeutic effectiveness of prednisolone in Mycoplasma pulmonis-infected pneumonia in mice].

The present investigation was designed to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of prednisolone in the development of pulmonary lesions in Mycoplasma pulmonis-infected mice. Mice were treated every day from day 3 to day 9 after M. pulmonis inoculation with minocycline (group M), prednisolone (group P), or with minocycline and prednisolone (group MP) and a control group was left untreated. Mice from each group were sacrificed at days 7, 14, and 21. The macroscopic lung lesion scores of group MP at days 7, 14, 21, and of group M at day 7 were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. Pathological findings in group M and MP showed reduction of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte response in the alveoli compared with the controls. However, infiltration of lymphocytes around the bronchioles and blood vessels of group M was not less than that in group MP. The titer of CF antibody in group MP was the lowest of the four groups. Among the four groups, M. pulmonis was cultured in the joints of group P. These results suggest that combination therapy with minocycline and prednisolone was effective because the mice of group MP had a more marked reduction of infiltration of lymphocytes around the bronchioles and blood vessels as compared with group M. Simultaneously, with prednisolone alone therapy, a risk of dissemination of the mycoplasma organism and diminution of antibody production were suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cloning of a cDNA encoding a DNA-binding protein TAXREB302 that is specific for the tax-responsive enhancer of HTLV-I.

The transcriptional activator, Tax, of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) has been considered to interact with cellular proteins to act on target enhancer motifs. Using oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing the tax-responsive element (TAXRE) of the HTLV-I enhancer, we have cloned multiple cDNAs coding for TAXRE-binding proteins (TAXREB), and determined the cDNA and the deduced 200-amino-acid sequences for TAXREB302. The recombinant protein binds to the enhancer DNA by specific interaction to the CRE-like sequence. A single 1.8-kb species of mRNA was detected in cultured cells, as well as in normal human tissues, especially brain and skeletal muscle. The 22-kDa native protein was detected in the cultured-cell lysate by immunoblotting analysis. TAXREB302 does not have structural features common to the CRE-binding protein or activating transcription factor (CREB/ATF) family, but has homology to chicken erythroid transcription factor (Eryf1 or GATA-1), suggesting a possible protein-protein interaction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Interleukin 6-producing malignant mesothelioma.

Systemic amyloidosis of the amyloid A (AA) type, is occasionally associated with various neoplasms, but the cause is still unclear. We obtained interleukin 6 (IL-6)-producing cells designated YO from a primary culture of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma of epithelial type obtained from a 62-year-old woman. Post mortem examination revealed that the patient had systemic amyloidosis of the AA type. The supernatant media of YO cells, as well as recombinant human IL-6, successfully induced nonneoplastic liver cells to produce serum AA (SAA). Our data suggest that IL-6 produced by the tumor cells may have played an important role in the paraneoplastic syndrome of AA amyloidosis in this patient.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1993

[Biliary metabolites of levonorgestrel in rats].

The metabolism of levonorgestrel (LNG) in the bile following oral administration of the drug was examined in female rat. 1) Within 48 h after administration of 14C-labelled LNG (LNG-14C), 67-82% of the radioactivity was excreted into the bile. 2) Almost all the metabolites in the bile were conjugated with glucuronic acid or sulfuric acid and only a small amount of the unchanged compound was found. 3) After treatment of these metabolites in the bile with beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase, more than ten aglycones were detected on TLC. Three main aglycones, M1, M2 and M3, were isolated. They accounted for 68.0, 0.8 and 11.5% of the radioactivity excreted into the bile, respectively. 4) The structures of M1 and M2 were assumed to be 13-ethyl-18,19-dinor-5 alpha,17 beta-pregn-20-yne-3 alpha,17- diol and 13-ethyl-18,19-dinor-5 beta,17 beta-pregn-20-yne-3 alpha,17-diol, respectively, by NMR and LC/MS analyses, and confirmed by direct comparison with respective authentic samples. M3 was assigned to be 13-ethyl-18,19-dinor-5 alpha,17 beta-pregn-20-yne-3 alpha,16 beta,17-triol by NMR, LC/MS and GC/MS analyses and acetonide derivation. 5) Isolation of the glucuronide metabolite, M4, from the bile, was achieved by column chromatography using Amberlite XAD-2 and Sephadex LH-20. Hydrolysis of this compound with beta-glucuronidase released M1 and glucuronic acid. After M4 was converted to an acetylated-methyl ester derivative, the definite structural assignment of M4 was established to be M1-3-O-yl glucuronic acid by NMR analysis. The NOE effect and the value of the corresponding coupling constant of the anomeric proton showed that the glucoside moiety was in the beta configuration. These findings suggested that LNG was predominantly converted to 5 alpha-reduced metabolites and that the 5 beta-metabolite accounted for less than 1% of the total metabolites in female rats. These metabolites were excreted as glucuronides into the bile.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Endolotherapy of massive bleeding from the small intestinal angiodysplasia in 80-year-old patient].

Angiodysplasia is one cause of chronic gastrointestinal tract bleeding that can not be difficult to detect. In particular, angiodysplasia in the small intestine is very rare and has seldom been reported. An 80-year-old man complained of hematochezia and was admitted to other hospital on October 1991. However, no bleeding sites in the gastrointestinal tract could be revealed by radiographic and endoscopic examinations. After 8 months, he was admitted to our hospital with the same symptom on June 1992. He suffered hemorrhagic shock due to continuous bleeding. Hypotension and anemia progressed in spite of immediate blood transfusion. Emergency angiography revealed extravasation from a peripheral branch of the jejunal artery, in addition tortuous and dilated ileal arteries. Embolization was performed with the catheter inserted superselectively into the nearest arcade of the segmental branch of the vasa recta. After embolization, no complications were occurred. He was discharged and is being followed up as an outpatient.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical features of measles pneumonia in adults: usefulness of computed tomography].

The clinical features, chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) images were evaluated in 11 cases with serologically proved adult measles complicated with pneumonia (10 were previously healthy and one had sarcoidosis). Pneumonia appeared during the rash period in all cases. Respiratory symptoms were cough (9/11), dyspnea (3/11), and hypoxemia (10/11). Pneumonia manifestations were detected in only 4 cases by chest radiograph; on the other hand, they were seen in all cases by CT scan and consisted of ground-glass opacities (73%), nodular opacities (64%) and consolidation (27%). CT seems to be a useful method to detect measles pneumonia if it is suspected. Measles pneumonia in previously healthy patients had a good prognosis, as the hypoxemia disappeared within 6 days in all cases. The sarcoidosis patient showed prolonged pneumonic shadows and period of hypoxemia. Measles pneumonia occurring in a host with cellular immunodeficiency may have a severe clinical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Lethal arrhythmias in a patient with coarctation of the aorta and severe heart failure: their control by combination of low dose amiodarone with procainamide for 3 years].

In 1970, a 19 year-old man was diagnosed as having coarctation of the aorta (CoA). But the patient and his family rejected further examination for CoA and high blood pressure was treated after that time. When the patient was 37 years old, he was admitted to our hospital because of congestive heart failure. During the 2nd admission for determining the operability of CoA in December, 1988, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia was detected. Immediately, intravenous administration of lidocaine or/and mexiletine were started. However, cardiac arrest occurred. After his recovery, lethal ventricular arrhythmias were still observed frequently despite administration of class Ia or Ib antiarrhythmic drugs. Oral amiodarone administration (600 mg) with procainamide (1000 mg) was started on 1st of May, 1989. Axillo-femoral bypass graft was performed during the 2nd admission because curable operation was abandoned because of severely impaired cardiac function. Subsequently, the patient was admitted 5 times due to exacerbated congestive heart failure. However, lethal arrhythmias were able to be controlled by the combination of low dose amiodarone (100-200 mg) with procainamide until he died of congestive heart failure on 9th of May, 1992. We reported a rare adult case with CoA and severe heart failure. Lethal arrhythmias in this case were well controlled by the combined administration of low dose amiodarone with procainamide regardless of severely impaired cardiac function.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[High dose steroid inhalation therapy using a large spacer: laboratory and clinical study on usefulness of the 4-puffs/inhalation method].

We investigated whether or not the inhalation method of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) influences patient compliance and the clinical effects of therapy in chronic bronchial asthma, together with a basic study on the lung deposition of BDP using a twin Impinger when various numbers of puffs were discharged into three different spacers (Volumatic, InspirEase, Aerochamber). It was clearly shown that only the spacer, Volumatic maintained a high deposition rate of BDP in the lung model with a dose of 4-puffs/inhalation. Eighteen chronic asthmatic patients were studied. The patients inhaled BDP (800-1600 micrograms/day) by 1-puff/inhalation using a large spacer, Volumatic, for 12 weeks, and they then inhaled the same dose of BDP as given in the previous period by 4-puffs/inhalation using the spacer for 16 weeks. We compared the compliance of BDP, attack score, %PEFR and frequency of beta-agonist inhalation between these two periods. The compliance of BDP was markedly improved after changing from 1-puff/inhalation (92.8%) to 4-puffs/inhalation (99.8%). In the 4-puffs/inhalation period, attack score and %PEFR were significantly improved as compared to the 1-puff/inhalation period. The frequency of beta-agonist inhalation use in the 4-puffs/inhalation period was significantly lower than that in the 1-puff/inhalation period. These results indicate that when high dose steroid inhalation is given with a large spacer in chronic asthmatic patients, we should advice them of the appropriate inhalation method in order to obtain good compliance and clinical effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Light suppression of nocturnal pineal and plasma melatonin in rats depends on wavelength and time of day.

Effects of light on the pineal and plasma melatonin were examined in Wistar and Long-Evans rats at two different times in the dark phase (light off from 18.00 h to 06.00 h) using lights of two different monochromatic wavelengths but with the same irradiance. The green light pulse (520 nm) given at 24.00 h suppressed the pineal and plasma melatonin to the day-time level for at least 2 h, while the red light (660 nm) pulse given at the same time of the day suppressed pineal melatonin only transiently and did not suppress the plasma melatonin at all. Both green and red lights given at 4.00 h suppressed the pineal and plasma melatonin to a similar extent. The results demonstrated that the suppression of melatonin by light depends on the wavelength of light and the circadian phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of vitamin B12 on plasma melatonin rhythm in humans: increased light sensitivity phase-advances the circadian clock?

Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) was administered orally (3 mg/day) to 9 healthy subjects for 4 weeks. Nocturnal melatonin levels after exposure to bright light (ca. 2500 lx) were determined, as well as the levels of plasma melatonin over 24 h. The timing of sleep was also recorded. Vitamin B12 was given blind to the subjects and crossed over with placebo. We found that the 24-h melatonin rhythm was significantly phase-advanced (1.1 h) in the vitamin B12 trial as compared with that in the placebo trial. In addition, the 24-h mean of plasma melatonin level was much lower in the vitamin B12 trial than with the placebo. Furthermore, the nocturnal melatonin levels during bright light exposure were significantly lower in the vitamin B12 trial than with the placebo. On the other hand, vitamin B12 did not affect the timing of sleep. These findings raise the possibility that vitamin B12 phase-advances the human circadian rhythm by increasing the light sensitivity of the circadian clock.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1992

Locomotor rhythms induced by methylphenidate in suprachiasmatic nuclei-lesioned rats.

A robust locomotor activity rhythm with a circadian period appeared by chronic treatment with methylphenidate or methamphetamine in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)-lesioned rats whose circadian rhythms had been abolished. The appearance of the rhythmicity was accompanied by an increase in the activity level. However, significant circadian periods were detected only in rats whose locomotor activity increased more than 200% of the pretreatment levels. An increase in the activity level is necessary to generate and/or express the circadian locomotor rhythm in SCN-lesioned rats and there seems to be a threshold.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Seasonality in human sleep.

The timing of sleep and sleep EEG parameters in 10 healthy male subjects were investigated in four seasons under controlled conditions. The phase of nocturnal sleep was delayed about one and a half hours in winter as compared to that in summer. The duration of stage 4 sleep decreased and REM sleep increased significantly in winter compared with summer. The seasonality in the timing of sleep can be explained by photoperiodic time cues, but the changes in sleep EEG parameters are difficult to explain in terms of photoperiod.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 5 alpha-reductase activity by antiandrogens and indomethacin in the rat prostate.

We studied the effects of antiandrogens in vitro on inhibition of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3 alpha-HSOR) and 5 alpha-reductase activities in the rat prostate. Kinetic and inhibition experiments were analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Cyproterone acetate (CA), chlormadinone acetate (CMA), and TZP-4238 (TZP), which is more potent than other antiandrogens, were used as inhibitors and were compared with indomethacin IND, which is a recognized 3 alpha-HSOR inhibitor. The IC50S of CA, CMA, IND, and TZP for 3 alpha-HSOR reductase in cytosol were about 5, 10, 10, and 100 microM, respectively, and inhibition was competitive. The IC50 of IND for 3 alpha-HSOR reductase in microsomes was 20 microM. The IC50S of other inhibitors were > 100 microM, and inhibition was noncompetitive. The IC50S of CA, CMA, IND, and TZP for 3 alpha-HSOR oxidase in cytosol were > 100 microM, and inhibition was competitive or noncompetitive. Inhibition of 3 alpha-HSOR oxidation was not observed in microsomes. The difference between these inhibition patterns suggests that there may be 4 isoenzymes in rat prostatic tissue. The IC50S of MK-906, CMA, and TZP for 5 alpha-reductase in prostate homogenate were about 0.01, 200, and 200 microM, respectively.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1992

Effects of the new steroidal antiandrogen TZP-4238 on hormone-induced canine prostatic hyperplasia.

The effects of the new steroidal antiandrogen TZP-4238 on hormone-induced canine prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were studied in comparison with those of chlormadinone acetate (CMA), a steroidal antiandrogen used in Japan. One- to 2-year-old beagle dogs were castrated and administered 75 mg/week of androstanediol (A-diol) plus 0.75 mg/week of estradiol (E2) for 25 weeks. These dogs were treated orally with placebo, 0.5 mg/kg/day of TZP-4238, 0.1 mg/kg/day of TZP-4238, and 2.5 mg/kg/day of CMA, respectively, for 21 weeks after 4 weeks treatment with A-diol plus E2. Treatment with 0.5 mg/kg/day of TZP-4238 or 2.5 mg/kg/day of CMA suppressed prostatic growth, and treatment with 0.1 mg/kg/day of TZP-4238 suppressed prostatic growth slightly. Treatment with 0.5 mg/kg/day of TZP-4238 decreased 5 alpha-reductase activity, DHT content, and nuclear androgen receptor (AR) content in the prostate, and treatment with 0.1 mg/kg/day of TZP-4238 or 2.5 mg/kg/day of CMA also decreased or tended to decrease these parameters. In conclusion, TZP-4238 and CMA were effective in inhibiting the growth of hormone-induced canine BPH, and TZP-4238 was at least 5 times more potent than CMA. TZP-4238 inhibited prostatic growth by decreasing prostatic androgen content and the androgen-AR complex. TZP-4238 decreased 5 alpha-reductase activity by prevention of the androgen action described above.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1992

Entrainment of methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity rhythm to feeding cycles in SCN-lesioned rats.

Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)-lesioned rats, showing a locomotor activity rhythm with a circadian period by chronic methamphetamine treatment, were subjected to the periodic food restriction (RF) of 4 h per every 27 h and 24 h. All rats were phase set by the feeding schedule of both 24-h and 27-h periods. Phase angle differences between the activity onset and food presentation were more positive under the RF with a period of 27 h than that of 24 h. Methamphetamine-induced locomotor rhythm showed a stable entrainment to RF of the 27-h period in all rats. Under the RF of the 24-h period, on the other hand, some rats showed circabidian rhythms, i.e., an activity band appeared at every second food presentation. After the termination of feeding schedule, the locomotor rhythm started to free-run from the phase set by the previous feeding schedule in all rats examined. Methamphetamine-induced locomotor rhythm was shown to be entrained by the RF with a predictable manner of an oscillation theory.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Differential expression of the platelet-derived growth factor-A and -B genes during maturation of monocytes to macrophages.

1. Regulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and -B gene expression was studied using resting monocytes, in vitro matured monocytes and alveolar macrophages. 2. Resting monocytes constitutively transcribed both PDGF-A and -B genes. When monocytes matured to macrophages in vitro, the transcription rates of both genes increased markedly. 3. Consistent with the transcription rates, resting monocytes constitutively expressed both PDGF-A and -B mRNAs. Interestingly, the PDGF-B mRNA levels increased markedly after the maturation, whereas the PDGF-A mRNA did not change. 4. Alveolar macrophages constitutively transcribed both PDGF-A and -B genes at almost the same rates. However, these cells contained 5-fold more PDGF-B mRNA than PDGF-A mRNA. 5. Immunohistochemical study using anti-PDGF-AA and anti-PDGF-BB antibodies suggested that PDGF-BB homodimers were more abundant than -AA homodimers or -AB heterodimers in alveolar macrophages and in vitro matured monocytes. 6. Together these observations indicate that in vitro matured monocytes and alveolar macrophages preferentially express PDGF-B mRNA and produce PDGF-BB homodimers, despite the equal transcription rates for both PDGF-A and -B genes.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1992

Inhibitory influence of a new steroidal anti-androgen, TZP-4238, on prostatic hyperplasia in the beagle dog.

The effect of a synthetic steroidal anti-androgen, TZP-4238, on spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in dogs was investigated. Old male beagle dogs (5-9 years old) were divided into three experimental groups. Group 1 consisted of BPH controls. Groups 2 and 3 received TZP-4238 0.1 mg/kg/day and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) 0.3 mg/kg/day p.o., respectively, for 5 months. In group 1, glandular hyperplasia of the prostate was clearly detected. In contrast, TZP-4238 (Group 2) or CMA (Group 3) produced marked atrophy of the glandular epithelium. In addition, a histopathological study showed that TZP-4238 or CMA medication for 5 months exerted no effect on the testes and the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) cells. Therefore, it is suggested that TZP-4238 (0.1 mg/kg) or CMA (0.3 mg/kg) causes regression of spontaneous canine BPH without any histopathological effects on the testes and pituitary LH cells. However, slightly decreased serum testosterone levels were found in TZP-4238-treated animals, due apparently to a direct and/or indirect effect on the testes. Thus, it is suggested that a marginal antigonadotrophic effect cannot be excluded. It is concluded that TZP-4238 is a potent anti-androgen for the treatment of spontaneous canine BPH, without any negative influence on the function of the testes and the pituitary LH cells.

Animals↗