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Biomedical subjects

S Holm

Publications and source records attributed to S Holm.

280 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Product names, proper claims? More ethical issues in the marketing of drugs.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the explicit or implicit claims embodied in the proprietary names of pharmaceutical products. DESIGN: Linguistic and ethical analysis of proprietary names of pharmaceutical products marketed in the UK and in Denmark. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A number of drugs have names that allude to their indication or actions. Such names may be problematic, however, because they often promise more than the drug can deliver. Taking into account, firstly, the type of allusion and its degree of sophistication, and, secondly, the seriousness of the indication may help in identifying the most problematic drug names.

Denmark↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Placental alkaline phosphatase types and transplacental IgG transport.

Recently, results have been presented which suggest that placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is an IgG receptor, and that the transplacental transport of IgG from mother to fetus is dependent on the fetal PLAP genotype. In order to confirm the relationship between the PLAP types and transplacental IgG transport, we studied fetal (cord serum) IgG levels in relation to PLAP types, quantitative variations in PLAP activity, maternal IgG levels and gestation length. Fetal IgG levels and the fetal/maternal IgG ratio showed no significant correlation with PLAP types and PLAP activity. Thus differences between PLAP types with respect to transplacental IgG transport are unlikely to play a selective role in the maintenance of the PLAP polymorphism. In accordance with results from previous studies, significant correlations were found with maternal IgG levels and gestation length. Perusal of the literature suggests that PLAP is mainly an IgG1 receptor.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue binding kinetics of tobramycin. An experimental study in the mouse inner ear in vitro.

The tissue-binding capacity of tritiated tobramycin (TM) was analysed in an organ culture system in the embryonic inner ear of the mouse. A rapid and probably irreversible binding of TM occurs within 10 min, showing about 100 micrograms TM per gram protein in the vestibular half and about 75 micrograms TM per gram protein in the cochlear half of the labyrinth. A steady state is reached within 60 min. The TM uptake was then 390 micrograms TM per gram protein in the vestibular part and 270 micrograms in the cochlear part of the inner ear. A minor fraction of TM, of the same magnitude as initially bound, becomes irreversibly bound, whereas the slow accumulation which reaches the steady state level seems reversible.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HYOMEX: a miniature universal testing machine for in vivo biomechanical studies.

A miniaturized universal testing machine, HYOMEX, designed for biomechanically testing spinal structures of an anaesthetized research animal, such as a pig, is presented. A variety of mechanical applications such as static and dynamic tests, creep and relaxation tests, and fatigue tests with frequencies up to 20 Hz are possible. The system permits force control as well as displacement control. Continuous surveillance is made possible through interfacing the system to a computer. An application is presented where the viscoelastic behaviour in a porcine lumbar spine was measured.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of implant interdependency when evaluating success rates: a statistical analysis of multicenter results.

PURPOSE: When evaluating the outcome of oral implant treatment, a statistically important aspect to consider is whether any dependency exists among implants placed within the same patient/jaw. If one implant fails, will the risk of subsequent failures increase, i.e., will any of the remaining implants also fail? In an attempt to study this question, the aims of the present study were to statistically determine if the suggested hypothesis was valid, i.e., whether dependency exists among implants in the same patient/jaw, and to determine how failure lifetable analysis should be calculated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, multicenter trial material consisting of 1.738 oral implants in 487 patients from 4 separate studies was used. First, any dependency among implants within the same patient/jaw was determined; thereafter, cumulative success rates were calculated for one implant per patient (chosen randomly), and the range of variations in the randomized success rates was also calculated. This was then compared with the cumulative success rates based on the entire material. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed that a dependency among the implants existed prior to their functional loading, i.e., the risk for an implant failure among the remaining implants in the same patient/jaw increased after the first failure had occurred. CONCLUSION: Both study design and statistical analysis are of importance when comparing success rates from various investigations, since dependency among implants in the same patient/jaw does exist and may influence the success rates. Consequently, it is suggested that only one randomly selected implant from each patient should be considered when calculating implant success rates.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of antimicrobial drugs on the cytotoxicity of epirubicin, bleomycin, estramustine and cisplatin.

The effect of concomitant treatment with different antibiotics on the cytotoxicity of epirubicin, bleomycin, estramustine and cisplatin was studied in vitro on fibroblasts (V79) and two cancer cell lines (colon cancer HT29 and lung cancer P31). The cell lines were propagated under standard tissue culture conditions and evaluated as the number of surviving cell clones in comparison to untreated controls. Fifteen commonly used antibiotics were tested and thirteen of these were found to modify the cytotoxic effect in one or several of the combinations tested. One antibiotic agent could affect the toxicity of different cytostatics in opposite directions and there were marked differences between the cell lines tested. Only in one of the situations, the combination of bleomycin and ceftazidim, did the antibiotic cause opposite effects on the toxicity of a cytostatic when comparing fibroblasts and carcinoma cells. A most impressive observation was the pronounced increase in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity by amphotericin B. In conclusion, the results suggest that antibiotics can interact with the cytotoxicity of antitumoral drugs but that the feature of this interaction is seemingly an erratic phenomenon. Further studies are certainly justified, especially regarding the effects of amphotericin B and its mechanisms in enhancing the cytotoxicity of cisplatin.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutrition of the intervertebral disk. An in vivo study of solute transport.

The main mechanism for solute transport within the intervertebral disk is passive diffusion. The 2 routes for the exchange of solutes with the blood vessels outside the disk are via the periphery of the annulus, and through the end-plates. While the periphery of the annulus is completely permeable, the bone--disk interface is only partially so. In the region of the nucleus the effective area through which solute transport is taking place constitutes some 85% of the actual bone/disk interface; in the region of the inner annulus it is reduced to only 35% while the bone--disk interface at the outer annulus is almost completely impermeable. These figures, calculated from tracer diffusion experiments correlate very well with the qualitative observations of blood vessel contact. Apart from its dependence on the permeability of the endplate, solute diffusion is also determined by the nature of the solute. For example, a negatively charged solute such as the sulphate ion is considerably excluded from the nucleus, which limits its rate of penetration via the endplates. The sulphate uptake by the disk cells to produce glycosaminoglycans is low and comparable to that in articular cartilage.

Animals↗