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Biomedical subjects

S Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to S Hofmann.

186 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphine and morphine glucuronides in serum of heroin consumers and in heroin-related deaths determined by HPLC with native fluorescence detection.

A simple, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of serum morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) based on native fluorescence detection is described. For the extraction of drugs and their metabolites, 200 microL serum was applied to 50 mg of a commercially available octylsilan phase. After isocratic separation in two steps (6.5 min) by reversed phase, the compounds were determined at an excitation wavelength of 245 nm and an emission wavelength of 345 nm (the limit of detection was approximately 5 micrograms/L for each compound). The concentrations of morphine, M6G (with respect to its potential analgesic activity), and M3G were investigated in 20 heroin addicts in police custody and in 10 heroin-associated deaths. The ratios between M6G or M3G and the morphine concentrations and between M6G and M3G are related to the morphine concentration and consequently depend on the time elapsed since the last administration of morphine or heroin. Consequently, the M6G values were found to be higher in cases of death than in the living addicts. By considering the M6G/morphine or M3G/morphine ratios, the narcotic effect of heroin as reflected by morphine and its metabolite concentrations in impaired addicts and cases of fatal poisoning can be better assessed than by use of the morphine concentration alone.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone marrow edema of the hip: MR findings after core decompression.

Magnetic resonance imaging is an extremely sensitive technique for evaluation of bone marrow changes at an early stage of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip. We therefore examined 11 painful hips whose clinical symptoms led us to suspect idiopathic AVN. The radiographs of all of these either were normal or demonstrated a minimal decrease in radiodensity. Magnetic resonance demonstrated diffuse signal loss of the bone marrow at short TR/TE images of the femoral head in all hips, with various extensions in the head, neck, and intertrochanteric area. These regions turned iso- to hyperintense on long TR/TE images compatible with bone marrow edema (BME). Focal abnormalities characteristic for AVN were not seen in any of the cases. Radionuclide studies performed in six cases were positive. All patients underwent core decompression treatment. Hydrostatic bone marrow pressure measurement and intraosseous venography were positive in five cases when measured. Histology available in eight cases confirmed the presence of BME. Furthermore, the bone changes corresponded to those of early AVN. Follow-up examinations after core decompression with MR showed normal signal intensity in all cases. Magnetic resonance represents a viable diagnostic tool for BME and can monitor the therapeutic success of core decompression. Whether BME of the femoral head constitutes a distinct transient syndrome or represents an early form of AVN is controversial at present. Our findings support those who believe that BME may represent an initial stage of idiopathic AVN.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased plasma fibronectin during starvation in man.

This study evaluated the effect of 5 days of starvation followed by 5 days of refeeding on immunoreactive plasma and serum fibronectin and associated opsonic activity as studied by peritoneal macrophage monolayer bioassay in 12 healthy women volunteers. The temporal alteration of fibronectin was compared with the serum albumin, total iron-binding capacity, and retinol-binding protein levels. Fibronectin concentration and opsonic activity were also determined in two cachectic patients who were 61 and 78% of their ideal body weight. Prior to starvation, plasma fibronectin was 292 +/- 20 micrograms/ml and serum fibronectin was 182 +/- 16 in all subjects. After 5 days of starvation, immunoreactive fibronectin decreased (p less than 0.05) by 20-25%. This decrease was not great enough to impair opsonic activity as tested by the in vitro macrophage assay. Starvation caused no decrease in serum albumin or total iron-binding capacity, although retinol-binding protein decreased by 35%. During refeeding, subjects were randomized to a diet with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) carbohydrate. After 5 days of refeeding, fibronectin levels were normalized on the carbohydrate-containing diet, but were still low (82% of normal) on the carbohydrate-free diet. Retinol-binding protein did not fully normalize after 5 days of refeeding. In the two cachectic patients, fibronectin levels prior to total parenteral nutrition were 25 and 75% of normal. Thus, starvation can lower fibronectin levels and this protein is rapidly restored with adequate nutrition.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Need and consent for stomatologic treatment in elderly citizens. A comparative analysis of elderly persons in their own home and residents of retirement and nursing homes in the Hildburghausen district].

An analysis of the situation of dental care, in consideration of aspects of social hygiene, took place in the Hildburghausen district in 1986, using the method of interview and oral examination of 249 old aged peoples - living in homes for the aged and 155 pensioners - living in their own residences.

Aged↗