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Biomedical subjects

S Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to S Hoffman.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Dichotic CV recognition at various interaural temporal onset asynchronies: effect of age.

Dichotic CV recognition at interaural temporal onset asynchronies (lag times) of 0, 30, 60, and 90 ms was investigated in normal hearing young and elderly subjects. The results for the young group were consistent with those reported in previous studies (Studdert-Kennedy et al., 1970; Berlin et al., 1973a). The older group demonstrated a mean right ear advantage (REA) at simultaneity of 12.7%, which was not significantly different from that of the young group (12.4%). This suggests that the processes subserving the REA are not affected by age. However, there was a significant reduction in the total (right ear plus left ear) dichotic scores of the elderly group compared to the young; suggesting an age-associated reduction in the channel capacity of the aging auditory system. Further, there were striking aberrations of the dictotic lag effect in the elderly group compared to the young subjects, consistent with age-related changes in auditory temporal processing. The findings are discussed with respect to the aging auditory system and the nature of dichotic speech processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Acute demyelinating disease in a chimpanzee three years after inoculation of brain cells from a patient with MS.

Brain cells from a patient with classic multiple sclerosis were inoculated intracerebrally into the frontal lobe of a newborn chimpanzee. The animal developed acute quadriplegia three years, two months later and was killed four days after the onset of symptoms. Central nervous system lesions were primarily localized in the spinal cord at root entry zones; these were characterized by demyelination and regeneration of myelin by Schwann cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Scrotal reconstruction in Fournier syndrome.

The extent of the scrotal defect following debridement of Fournier gangrene ranges from relatively small areas of scrotal loss to complete denudation of the testes and cords. In our experience, denudation of the testis alone is best treated by split-thickness mesh grafts and total denudation of the testis and cord by burial of the testicle in a subcutaneous medial thigh pocket. Three cases are presented illustrating the spectrum of methods that can be used either singly or in combination to repair scrotal defects in Fournier gangrene.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The successful use of "high level" PEEP in near fatal Endrin poisoning.

The insecticide Endrin is a highly toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon which can cause severe CNS and respiratory derangement. Death usually follows intoxication within 24 hours. A 19-year-old male developed convulsions and gross pulmonary edema after the ingestion of Endrin. His trachea was intubated and constant positive pressure ventilation with PEEP of up to 28 cm H2O was instituted. The patient survived and recovery appeared to be complete. Severe pulmonary edema is not a common finding in patients who have Endrin poisoning. The use of PEEP above 15 cm H2O is a controversial issue; however, we believe that it contributed significantly to the survival of our patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Alternatives to subcutaneous mastectomy.

It is our belief that subcutaneous mastectomy often leads to complications, with poor results. In addition, because a considerable amount of breast tissue may be left behind, its value as a prophylactic operation must be questioned. Two alternatives are presented. In our experience, these lead to fewer complications with a more thorough removal of the mammary gland, and achieve a better appearance. The alternatives are (1) simple mastectomy with secondary reconstruction; (2) the type of mastectomy described by Spira--with primary reconstruction using a subpectoral silicone prosthesis covered by muscle and an inferiorly-based dermal flap.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1978

Defective glycoproteins in the plasma membrane of an aggregation minus mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum uith abnormal cellular interactions.

Experiments involving the co-incubation of wild type (A3) cells of Dictyostelium discoideum and a spontaneous aggregation-minus mutant (HW 2) suggested that the mutant was defective in cellular interactions. The inhibition of A3 development by HW 2 cells and the differentiation of a small fraction of HW 2 cells which is allowed by A3 cells, both depend on cell contact. Therefore, we compared cell surface molecules in vegetative A3 and HW 2 cells by a variety of techniques to determine whether defects in HW 2 could be found prior to the inhibition of development in vegetative amoebae. Antigenic defects, or differences in binding of concanavalin A, or both, were localized to three plasma membrane macromolecules using glutaraldehyde-fixed sodium dodecyl sulfate gels of plasma membranes. Two periodic acid-Schiff-positive glycoproteins, and one glycolipid also differed in HW 2. Three glycoproteins had an increased sensitivity to pronase in isolated plasma membranes suggesting an alteration in their topography. Glycoprotein E, the major glycoprotein of vegetative plasma membranes is abnormal in topography, altered as a concanavalin A receptor, and is antigenically abnormal.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1978

Reconstruction of a large chest wall defect using greater omentum.

A 56-year-old woman was admitted for treatment of a large carcinoma that involved the chest wall. Fourteen years earlier, she had undergone a radical mastectomy, which was followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The carcinoma was excised and the large anterior chest wall defect reconstructed using Marlex mesh, an omental pedicle flap, and a split-thickness skin graft.

Female↗
PubMed1978

A filing system for transparencies.

A system has been developed to facilitate filing of 2 inches X 2 inches Kodachrome slides. This is coordinated with a diagnostic and therapeutic index that allows for easy retrieval. Compact metal filing cabinets are used, eliminating the need for subsequent rearrangement of slides. The system also provides a method for recall of patients. Preoperative photographs are maintained in plastic folders and checked periodically until the postoperative photographs have been taken.

Filing↗
PubMed1978

Traumatic rupture of a left-sided liver and postoperative acute respiratory failure in a patient with Kartagener's syndrome.

A case is described of abdominal trauma and rupture of a left-sided liver in a patient with Kartagener's syndrome (situs inversus, bronchiectasis, sinusits). Exploratory laparotomy, left thoractomy, cholecystectomy and hepatic artery ligation were necessary to control hemorrhage. Special attention was paid to the patient's respiratory condition postoperatively via physiotherapy and analgesia. The importance of identifying this three-part syndrome and especially the bronchiectasis is emphasized.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

The role of the plasma membrane in the development of Dictyostelium discoideum. II. Developmental and topographic analysis of polypeptide and glycoprotein composition.

Previous workers have shown in a variety of ways that cell contact is required for the differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum. Because interactions between cells are probably mediated by molecules on their plasma membranes, we have characterized the polypeptide composition of the membrane of cells at different stages of development. At least 55 polypeptides are found in the plasma membrane of vegetative cells. The polypeptide composition of the plasma membranes changes considerably during development. Treatment of intact cells with pronase indicated that many of the altered components appear to be located on the external surface of the plasma membrane where they could participate in interactions between cells. Similar digestion of the isolated membranes destroys most of their polypeptides, indicating that the bulk of the proteins of the plasma membrane are not completely embedded in the membrane. Several polypeptides appear to change in sensitivity to pronase during development. There are several changes in glycoprotein composition which occur between log phase and aggregation phase. An almost complete change in glycoprotein species occurs between aggregation and pre-culmination. Unlike the polypeptides, the glycoproteins are very resistant to pronase treatment in intact cells. However, some are pronase sensitive in isolated membranes.

Animals↗