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Biomedical subjects

S Hirose

Publications and source records attributed to S Hirose.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Infectious transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus to rabbits.

A rabbit lymphoid cell line (Ra-1) was established by co-cultivation with a human T-cell line (MT-2) carrying human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV). The Ra-1 cell line is chromosomally male and is persistently infected with HTLV. Ra-1 cells, with or without mitomycin C treatment, were inoculated intravenously (i.v.) into 3 female rabbits. All 3 animals responded with the production of antibodies to HTLV antigens. Lymphocytes from one of these seroconverters were cultured in the presence of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and HTLV particles were detected in the TCGF-grown lymphocytes which were chromosomally female. Co-cultivation of lymphocytes from the 2 other seroconverters with lymphocytes from 2 anti-HTLV-negative healthy men gave rise to the establishment of an HTLV-producing T-cell line derived from each individual. Blood transfusion from one of the HTLV-infected rabbits into 2 female rabbits also resulted in the seroconversion of both recipients. An HTLV-carrying lymphoid cell line (Ra-2) was established from one of the transfusion-related seroconverters. The Ra-2 cell line was initially TCGF-dependent but later became TCGF-independent. There results indicate that HTLV can be transmitted to rabbits. These animals may provide a suitable model system for studying the mode of transmission and pathogenicity of HTLV.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

HLA-Bw54 and glaucomatocyclitic crisis.

Twenty-two Japanese patients with glaucomatocyclitic crisis were typed for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C antigens to detect the immunogenetic factors in this disease. It was shown that HLA-Bw54 was present in nine (41%) of 22 patients, a significant increase even after correcting the P value for the number of antigens studied. The haplotype frequency of HLA-Bw54-Cw1 showed a significant association, and it was not due to linkage disequilibrium in the Japanese. Our results suggest that immunogenetic factors closely associated with the major histocompatibility complex may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatocyclitic crisis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Bilateral gastric venous decompression by a modified Warren shunt.

A new modification of the Warren shunt by which the coronary and short gastric venous systems can be simultaneously decompressed was carried out on two patients with oesophagogastric varices due to liver cirrhosis. One was an elective and the other an emergency operation. The left gastric vein entering the splenic vein was also drained through a Gore-Tex graft between the splenic and left renal veins. The proximal end of the splenic vein was ligated at its junction to the superior mesenteric vein. Porta-azygos disconnection was achieved by ligating the right gastric and gastro-epiploic veins. The shunt was patent and its effect on the varices was immediate with good decompression in both patients. The patients have had no recurrent variceal haemorrhage or postshunt encephalopathy. This modification may be indicated for selected patients with portal hypertension for both elective and emergency operations.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Segmental and subsegmental resections of the cirrhotic liver under hepatic inflow and outflow occlusion.

Segmental and subsegmental resections of the cirrhotic liver were carried out on 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and three cases with regenerating liver nodules. Seventeen patients underwent hepatectomies without hepatic vascular arrest (Group 1). In Group 2 (19 occasions), the Pringle manoeuvre was used for 8-46 min during parenchymal dissection. Hepatic resections were performed during simultaneous occlusion of hepatic inflow and outflow for 20-47 min in 11 patients (Group 3). The estimated blood loss during surgery was 2924 ml in Group 1, 1239 in Group 2, and 765 in Group 3 (Group 1 versus Group 2; P less than 0.02, Group 1 versus Group 3; P less than 0.02). Haemorrhagic shock occurred in three patients of Group 1, one of Group 2, and none of Group 3. Life-threatening postoperative complications occurred in four patients in Group 1, two in Group 2, and none in Group 3. Hospital death rate was 23.5 per cent in Group 1, 10.5 per cent in Group 2, and nil in Group 3. The present results may indicate that in performing nonanatomical resection of cirrhotic livers temporary occlusion of both hepatic inflow and outflow can be achieved for at least 30 min and is useful in reducing postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A study of the phototoxicity of lemon oil.

Lemon oil contains furocoumarin derivatives and is known to cause phototoxicity. In this study, lemon oil was fractionated, and its phototoxic activity was measured by means of a biological assay. The substances producing phototoxicity were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as being oxypeucedanin and bergapten. The phototoxic potency of oxypeucedanin was only one-quarter of that of bergapten. However, the amounts of these two phototoxic compounds present in lemon oils produced in different regions of the world varied by a factor of more than 20 (bergapten, 4-87 ppm; oxypeucedanin, 26-728 ppm), and their ratio was not constant. The two compounds accounted for essentially all of the phototoxic activity of all lemon-oil samples. Among various other citrus-essential oils investigated, lime oil and bitter-orange oil also contained large amounts of oxypeucedanin. Oxypeucedanin was found to elicit photopigmentation on colored-guinea-pig skin without preceding visible erythema.

5-Methoxypsoralen↗
PubMed1985

Localization of hepatitis A virus in marmoset liver tissue during the acute phase of experimental infection.

Electron microscopic and virological studies of marmoset liver tissue with acute infection of hepatitis A virus (HAV), especially in the earlier stages of infection, were carried out to characterize the maturation process of HAV. Four marmosets were inoculated intravenously with HAV suspension and sacrificed 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after inoculation respectively. Hepatitis A antigen (HAAg) in 10% liver homogenates of marmosets was examined by radioimmunoassay and a large amount of HAAg was detected in the liver homogenate of two marmosets sacrificed 2 weeks and 3 weeks after inoculation respectively. The histodiagnosis of the marmoset sacrificed 2 weeks after HAV inoculation was normal. However, many clusters of virus-like particles about 27 nm in diameter, in both "solid" and "empty" forms were found, mainly in vesicles of Kupffer cells by electron microscopy. In the animal that developed mild hepatitis 3 weeks after inoculation HAV-like particles were found in vesicles of hepatocytes by electron microscopy. By immune electron microscopy using peroxidase-conjugated anti-hepatitis A antibody, HAAg was detected on the particles present within the cytoplasmic vesicles of Kupffer cells or hepatocytes and on the surrounding membrane of the vesicles which contained HAV-like particles.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1985

Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) elimination of polyamine effects on protein synthesis.

The effect of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), a structural analog of polyamines, on protein synthesis has been studied in the presence and absence of spermidine. The spermidine stimulation of polyphenylalanine- and MS2 RNA-directed RNA replicase synthesis in an Escherichia coli cell-free system and of globin synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system disappeared with the addition of MGBG. The spermidine reduction of misincorporation of leucine during polyphenylalanine synthesis in both E. coli and wheat germ cell-free systems was also disturbed by MGBG. MGBG noncompetitively interfered with polyamine stimulation of polyphenylalanine and globin synthesis, suggesting that MGBG could bind to both RNA and the complex of RNA and polyamine. MGBG was preferentially bound to ribosomal RNA among ribosomal RNA, poly(U), and calf thymus DNA, and strongly inhibited the amount of polyamine bound to ribosomal RNA. These results suggest that MGBG elimination of polyamine effects on protein synthesis may occur through the disturbance of polyamine binding to ribosomal RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Viral replication and immunologic responses in children naturally infected with varicella-zoster virus and in varicella vaccine recipients.

Replication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and immunologic responses to VZV were examined by a sensitive culture technique for viral isolation and standard immunologic assays in children after close exposure to wild-type VZV or after inoculation with strain Oka varicella vaccine. Naturally infected children who developed clinical varicella had viremia between five days before and one day after clinical onset of disease, with the highest isolation rate one and two days before onset, and seroconversion followed two days later. Virus was not isolated from blood 12 and 13 days after contact in subclinically infected children. In the vaccine recipients a positive skin test reaction to VZV was observed as early as four to five days after immunization, and antibody appeared later. Virus was not isolated from blood and throat of the vaccinees from three to 14 days after immunization.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Mycoplasma pulmonis arthritis in mice: microbiological and immunological features.

Mycoplasma pulmonis m53 was inoculated intraarticularly in the bilateral hind footpads and bilateral knee joints of BALB/c mice. Mycoplasmas were recovered from the affected joints over 20 weeks accompanying acute or subacute inflammation. Intensive deposition of immunoglobulins, a complement (C3) and mycoplasma cell antigens occurred in synovial and adjacent connective tissues. The histopathologically intact kidneys, brain, and lungs showed deposition of IgG and the complement on the endothelial cells of blood vessels. An IgG-rheumatoid factor like substance (RFLS) was detected in the serum of the mice by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Persistence of mycoplasma cells and immune complexes in the articular tissues might cause the prolongation of inflammatory responses in murine mycoplasmal arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Dietary fat and immune function. I. Antibody responses, lymphocyte and accessory cell function in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice.

The influence of dietary fat on autoimmunity in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice has been demonstrated. In defining further the effects of dietary lipid on the immune system of this strain, female weanling mice were placed on four diets differing in quantity and type of fat. Their immunologic response was then studied by a variety of tests at 4 and 7 mo of age. Few differences were seen among the four groups at 4 mo of age. At 7 mo of age, however, the mice receiving diets high in saturated and unsaturated fats had a reduced mitogenic response to T cell mitogens and an enhanced response to the B cell mitogen LPS. Immunoglobulin levels and delayed hypersensitivity responses did not show any consistent differences among the diet groups. At 7 mo, however, mice receiving diets high in unsaturated fat demonstrated hyperresponsiveness to injected sheep red blood cells as measured by the hemolytic plaque technique. In addition, peritoneal leukocytes from the same diet group exhibited an increased response to bromelain-treated autologous erythrocytes which was decreased after treatment with anti-Thy-1 antiserum and complement. Phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased in the animals fed high-fat diets, particular high saturated fat. Similarly, natural killer cell activity was markedly reduced in the mice with a high intake of saturated lipid, a finding which correlated with the in vitro production of interferon. These results indicate that diets high in fat influence immune responses and thus can affect the onset and severity of autoimmune disease. A low-fat diet can reduce the development of disease by maintaining normal immune responses. The data also suggest that unsaturated fat may influence T helper cell activity and therefore antibody production, whereas saturated fats may affect cellular immune responses which are dependent on membrane contact.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The change in C3b receptors on erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A deficiency of C3b receptors (CR1) on erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has already been reported and assumed to be one of the causes of the impaired immune complex clearing function found in these patients. In the present study, we developed a functional assay to quantify the amount of CR1 on human erythrocytes. Sample erythrocytes were reacted with tetanus toxoid-anti-tetanus toxoid immune complexes (IC) in the presence of complement. The amount of CR1 was expressed as the amount of IC bound to sample erythrocytes. Determination of CR1 showed a decrease in erythrocytes from patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases. The activity of CR1 in erythrocytes from patients with SLE changed in parallel with complement activity and also reflected the clinical status of two of three patients. These results imply that the reduction of CR1 found in SLE patients might be cause not only by hereditary factors but by unknown factors that influence the amount or function of CR1.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Genetic studies on the skin lupus band test in New Zealand mice.

We found that the lupus band test (LBT) is frequently positive in the tail skin in NZB and NZB X NZW (B/W) F1 hybrid mice. Genetic mode of development of this positivity was investigated in female NZB, NZW, B/W F1 hybrid and B/W F1 X NZW back-cross mice and the incidences were 60%, 0%, 100% and 42% by 12 months of age, respectively. It was found that B/W F1 hybrid mice showed not only a higher incidence but also an earlier onset of LBT positivity than did the parental NZB mice. These findings suggested that a single dominant locus in NZB strain determines the appearance of a positive LBT and that this trait is to a great degree intensified by the involvement of NZW gene(s) in B/W F1 hybrid mice. Linkage studies indicated that the NZB gene is to some extent linked to H-2 complex. In addition, there were significant associations between the LBT positivity and the appearances of anti-dsDNA antibodies and renal disease in B/W F1 X NZW back-cross mice. Thus, it is suggested that the NZB-LBT gene is the gene itself or closely linked, on chromosome 17, to that related in part to the occurrence of anti-DNA antibodies and renal disease. There was a lack of retroviral gp70 deposition at the dermo-epidermal junction in NZB and B/W F1 hybrid mice, in that the gp70 is the predominant antigen in the immune complexes deposited in the diseased renal glomeruli.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of selective shunts v.s. nonshunt procedures in the treatment of esophageal varices.

Results of selective shunts and nonshunt procedures in elective treatment of esophagogastric varices were retrospectively evaluated. There were 40 patients undergoing selective shunts; 31 distal splenorenal shunts and 9 left gastric vena caval shunts. Thirty-three patients underwent nonshunt procedures; 9 esophageal transections, 11 transections or resections of the cardia, and 13 Hassab procedures. Operative mortality rate (0.05 less than P less than 0.1) and incidence of recurrent variceal bleeding (0.1 less than P less than 0.2) tended to be higher in the nonshunt group than in the selective shunt group. Postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was seen in three patients of the selective and in one instance of the nonshunt groups. The late survival and rehabilitation status of the patients were similar in both groups. The present results, although not prospectively randomized, seem to indicate that selective shunts are preferred to nonshunt procedures in the elective treatment of esophagogastric varices.

Adolescent↗