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Biomedical subjects

S Hirata

Publications and source records attributed to S Hirata.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Surgical treatment of primary mediastinal tumors in children].

Twenty children with primary mediastinal tumor underwent surgical treatment. Ten patients had benign tumor and the other patients were malignant. Seven of ten patients with malignant tumor were neurogenic, and 3 patients were of germ cell tumor. In the clinical manifestation, 11 patients were asymptomatic. All of benign tumors were resected completely, but in a few patients with malignant tumors, the complete resection not possible. However, except for one patient with immature teratoma, all patients with malignant tumor have been surviving following postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Two infants with bronchogenic cyst were operated on their respiratory distress syndrome in emergency, and have been salvaged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Importance of oral and dental care in home medical care].

Recently, the importance of home medical care has been stressed. But patients, those assisting them and home care nurses do not attach much importance to oral and dental care in home medical care. When we visit patients who have asked for dental treatment through home care nurses, they appeared to have very poor oral hygiene; cavities were uncared for, dental plaque and dental calculus built up, and they used ill-fitting dentures. Through home dental care visits, it was not just the dental treatment but advice on dental hygiene management and diet that helped patients regain their appetite and bring back a smile to their face, while giving a rhythm to their life. This created a certain human feeling and brought about better patient quality of life (QOL), while at the same time helping to improve the QOL of the family as well.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1996

bcl-2 and p53 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancers: correlation with survival time.

Apoptosis-related genes have received increasing attention in carcinogenesis, drug sensitivity, radiation sensitivity, and patient survival. bcl-2 and mutated p53 genes have been reported to inhibit apoptosis. To determine bcl-2 and p53 protein expression and their impacts on survival time in lung cancers, we studied 99 surgically resected, paraffin-embedded non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens by immunohistochemical staining. The bcl-2 protein was expressed in 19.2% of NSCLCs. bcl-2-positive cases were found in 30. 4% of stages I and II carcinomas in 36.8% of squamous cell carcinomas. Patients with bcl-2 expression survived longer than those without. p53 protein was found in 44.4%; there was no significant difference in survival time between patients with and without p53 expression. Patients who were both bcl-2 positive and p53 negative survived significantly longer than those who were bcl-2 negative or p53 positive. These results suggest that bcl-2 protein expression can be histologically specific and stage dependent, and that the bcl-2 protein expression is potentially valuable for prognosis in NSCLC, particularly in the early stages, when bcl-2 protein expression is considered with mutant p53 protein expression.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Echo-planar diffusion spectroscopic imaging.

High-speed diffusion spectroscopic imaging based on an echo-planar technique is presented. A pair of diffusion gradients is applied prior to a rapidly oscillating magnetic field gradient which encodes both chemical shift and spatial information. By applying this technique to a phantom consisting of acetone and water, a diffusion spectroscopic image is obtained in about 15 min, about 64 times faster than the time required in the conventional method. The measured diffusion coefficients show good agreement with previously reported values. This kind of diffusion spectroscopic imaging is expected to provide a way to observe more specific metabolism.

Acetone↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of the expression and the first exon of aromatase mRNA in monkey brain.

To elucidate the mechanism of the region-specific expression of the aromatase in the primate brain, we investigated the distribution and level of the total aromatase mRNA and the aromatase mRNA with the exon 1-f, which was reported to be the brain-specific exon 1 of the human aromatase gene, in male Japanese monkeys. Total RNAs extracted from the hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA), amygdala (AMY), cerebellum, hippocampus, brainstem, five regions of cerebral cortex and four peripheral tissues: liver, kidney, adipose tissue and testis were subjected to a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-Southern blotting (RT-PCR-SB) assay. The levels of the total aromatase mRNA was high in the HPOA, AMY and testis with a low level of message in the other regions. These results roughly paralleled the distribution of aromatase activity of the monkey brain previously reported. The level of the aromatase mRNA with the exon 1-f was high in the HPOA and AMY, and low in the other regions of the brain and the testis with an undetectable level of the messenger in the other peripheral tissues. Furthermore, the ratio of the aromatase mRNA with the exon 1-f to the total aromatase mRNA was different among various regions of the monkey brain, for example, the ratio in the AMY was distinctly higher than that in the HPOA. These results indicated that the level of the aromatase mRNA mainly regulated the level of aromatase protein and aromatase activity in a region-specific manner, and that the exon 1-f was used in most of the monkey brain regions. Moreover, the ratio of the aromatase mRNA with the exon 1-f to the total aromatase mRNA varied in the brain regions. It was implied that the aromatase mRNA using the other first exons was also expressed in the brain and was involved in the region-specific expression of the brain aromatase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with cubitus varus deformity after a supracondylar fracture of the humerus: a report of four cases.

Four cases of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with a cubitus varus deformity of the elbow secondary to a supracondylar fracture of the humerus are presented. All patients had surgical management of their ulnar nerve palsy. In two patients, the ulnar nerve was entrapped by scar tissue at the abnormal position and the nerve developed a sharp V-shaped kink when the elbow was flexed. In one patient, the ulnar nerve displaced anteriorly with elbow flexion and spontaneously reduced into the ulnar nerve groove with elbow extension. In one patient, the ulnar nerve remained in the ulnar nerve groove; however, it was entrapped by fibrous bands arising from the flexor carpi ulnaris. It is speculated that malunion resulting in cubitus varus deformity will alter the anatomy at the elbow and that this can have a direct effect on the position and instability of the ulnar nerve. Incongruity of the elbow joint due to cubitus varus deformity also may cause osteoarthritis changes. As a result, ulnar neuropathy may develop from irritation to the ulnar nerve from the posttraumatic osteoarthritic changes at the elbow joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Monitoring reproductive status by fecal progesterone analysis in ruminants.

Characterization of the estrous cycle and the ability to detect pregnancy are essential for the development of efficient captive breeding programs in wild mammalian species and for their conservation. We assess here the feasibility of using fecal progesterone analysis as a non-invasive method of monitoring the ovarian function of the Shiba goat as an experimental model for ruminant species. Feces and blood samples were collected sequentially from 4 female goats throughout the estrous cycle and gestation period and from 2 ovariectomized goats which were subcutaneously implanted with progesterone. The recovery rate with ether extraction was about 70% for fecal progesterone. Fecal progesterone concentrations changed dramatically in accordance with plasma progesterone during the estrous cycle and the pregnancy. Moreover, implantation and removal of progesterone capsules resulted in matched elevation and decline in fecal and plasma progesterone. The present data suggest that measurement of progesterone in feces is a potential noninvasive method of assessing the reproductive status of ruminant species.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Presence of alternatively spliced-estrogen receptor mRNA variants in normal human uterine endometrium and endometrial cancer.

Presence of alternatively spliced-estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA variants has been revealed in the breast cancer tissues. The ER variants transcribed from these mRNA variants were supposed to cause changes in the estrogen responsiveness of breast cancer. Although uterine endometrial cancer also has an estrogen-dependent profile, these ER mRNA variants have not yet been reported in the tumor. In the present study, we attempted to detect the exon 7 deletion- (del.7-) and exon 5 deletion (del.5) ER mRNA variants in normal human uterine endometrium (hEM) and uterine endometrial cancer tissue (hEC) by the use of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-Southern blotting (RT-PCR-SB) with the PCR primers: hE4 (forward), hE6 (reverse), and hE8 (reverse), which were located in exons 4, 6, and 8, respectively. Two major products were generated from RNAs of both hEM and hEC with primers hE4 and hE8. The nucleotide sequence of the longer product was identical to exon 4-8 of human ER cDNA, whereas that of the shorter one completely deleted exon 7. Moreover, when the RT-PCR was done with the primers hE4 and hE6, the shorter product lacking exon 5 was detected with the longer one having the same sequence as exon 4-6 of human ER cDNA. Since the RT-PCR-SB with primers hE4 and hE8 produced a very low or undetectable level of the signals corresponding to del.5 ER mRNA variant, the level of del.7 ER mRNA variant seemed to be higher than that of del.5 ER mRNA variant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1995

[A case of solitary tuberculosis in lower lung field showing marked pleural indentation complicated with chronic renal failure with special reference to mechanism of of formation of pleural retraction].

A case of 62-year-old male patient with tuberculosis in the lower lung field of right side was reported. The case showed a solitary lesion in S8b of 2.5 x 2.0 cm in size and was detected by the mass survey. The case was complicated with chronic renal failure and was treated by lobectomy because of suspicion of lung cancer, as there was a marked pleural indentation on CT. By examining the resected specimen, the following findings were revealed. The solitary exudative tuberculous lesion located in the margin of the basal segment extended both to the costal and diaphragmatic pleura, and a small triangular shaped normal lung parenchyma located at the periphery of the lesion was isolated, and the air flow from the lower lobar bronchus was cut. As a result, hyperinflation of the isolated normal lung took place through collateral air leak and check-valve mechanism (The Culiner Theory), finally the pleural constriction was formed at the boundary between the lesion where the elasticity was lost and the hyperinflated parenchyma.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. Histologic examination for the etiology of the disease.

The etiology of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle remains obscure. The authors treated a 5-year-old boy with this rare disease. Clinical history and radiographs confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical treatment of resection of the pseudarthrosis, autologous bone graft, and internal fixation with a small AO plate led to successful bone union. Histologic analysis of the pseudarthrosis showed that there were cartilaginous caps on the proximal and distal bony ends. The appearance of the cartilaginous caps were equivalent to that of developing physes. They were adding new bone to the bony ends, which also was confirmed by preoperative tetracycline labeling. These observations support the hypothesis that the pseudarthrosis is caused by failure of 2 ossification centers to fuse, as was previously proposed by others.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

[The usefulness of monitoring hepatic venous saturation during open heart surgery for a patient with severe liver dysfunction].

We report the usefulness of monitoring hepatic venous saturation (ShVO2) during open heart surgery for a patient with severe liver dysfunction. The patient was a 55-year-old man who had been suffering from acute aortic regurgitation due to bacterial endocarditis. Indocyanine green retention test at 15 min was 55%. Serum GOT, GPT and T bilirubin were 56 U.l-1, 35 U.l-1 and 1.5 mg.dl-1 respectively. Aortic valve replacement was scheduled in spite of severe liver dysfunction because amelioration of congestive heart failure after the operation was expected to improve liver dysfunction to the previous chronic state. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by intermittent administration of diazepam and low dose of fentanyl with 100% oxygen. After induction, we inserted a balloon tipped pulmonary catheter with ultra-red beam into hepatic vein by fluoroscopy guidance and monitored ShVO2 as an index of hepatic oxygen supply/demand balance. During re-insertion of a thoracic catheter, we could detect the continued decrease in hepatic vein saturation even after the improvement of systemic circulatory state. Postoperatively, liver function became slightly worse for a short period and improved thereafter. These results suggest that ShVO2 monitoring is clinically useful in detecting hepatic oxygen supply/demand imbalance which circulatory monitoring could not uncover during open heart surgery.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1995

[DNA content analysis and expression of human leucocyte antigen on esophageal cancer].

To examine the usefulness of DNA analysis of cancer cells in estimating the prognosis of the patients with cancer, we measured the DNA content of cancer cells using flow cytometry in 82 patients bearing esophageal cancer. Although neither DNA content nor DNA ploidy alone was a prognostic factor, the aneuploid pattern with a DNA index greater than 1.3 was an indicator of poor prognosis. In addition, we studied the HLA class I expression in the same patient group using immunochemical staining (anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibody; w6/32). Forty-four cases (53.7%) were HLA class I positive and 38 (46.3%) were negative. Pathological lymph node metastasis was found more frequently in HLA class I negative patients than positive patients with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The tumors with positive HLA expression induced significantly more TILs around them (p < 0.05). The patients with the aneuploid pattern and negative HLA class I appeared to have the poorest prognosis from the survival curve study, although the difference was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that the expression of HLA class I on tumors is an important prognostic factor in patients with esophageal cancer.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1995

[Alteration of serum levels of endotoxin, polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase, and the molecular markers of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system in the patients with esophageal cancer and lung cancer before and following operation].

The serum levels of endotoxin, polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN-E), and the coagulation and fibrinolytic markers (D-dimer, TAT) were measured in the patients with esophageal cancer, lung cancer, and benign pulmonary tumors before and after the operation; on the day of operation, and the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative day. The biological responses of the patients under surgical stress were evaluated. In the patients without complications, the endotoxin levels measured by the Toxicolor method and the PMN-E levels did show any significant increase in the early postoperative period, and they returned to the normal levels by the 7th postoperative day. On the contrary, in the patients with postoperative complications, they continued to increase throughout the study period. The endotoxin levels measured by the Endospacy test did not show any significant changes postoperatively. The D-dimer and TAT levels showed their highest values on the first postoperative day. The serum levels of endotoxin, PMN-E, and molecular markers of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system in the patients under surgical stress may be useful factors in predicting the postoperative outcome.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Malignant mediastinal lesions with invasion to the superior vena cava].

Four patients underwent resection of mediastinal malignant tumors with invasion to the superior vena cava. Two patients had invasive thymoma, one seminoma, and one metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes of unknown origin. Prior to resection of the tumor, an ePTFE graft was anastomosed between the innominate vein and the right atrium to maintain the venous drainage from the brain and the upper extremities. In two patients, the superior vena cava was reconstructed by patch angioplasty after the tumor with a part of the vena cava was safely resected. One patient died of acute respiratory failure, but the other three are alive and well without any evidence of graft obstruction. This safe and useful method in order to prevent cerebral congestion during and after resection of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

T cell adherence and mucosal injury in ulcerative colitis: involvement of integrin-fibronectin interaction in situ.

The mechanism whereby mononuclear cells, including T lymphocytes, accumulate in the mucosal lesions of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is unknown. Although the role played by vascular adhesion molecules in the abnormal recruitment of leukocytes has been emphasized, it does appear that fibronectin (FN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, can play an important role in the persistence of active inflammation because of its effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of cells. beta 1-integrins (VLA proteins) mediate cell adhesion to ECM proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, and collagen. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL-T) showed increased expression of VLA proteins after activation, although the expression of VLA proteins by lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) is not known. In an in-vitro binding assay, PBL-T showed increased adherence to inflamed mucosa from patients with UC after stimulation with CD3 crosslinking. This adherence was partially inhibited by antibodies specific for plasma FN, VLA-4, VLA-5, and VLA-beta 1, and by the synthetic peptide RGDS. These findings suggest that infiltrating T cells derived from blood use FN receptors to anchor at inflammatory sites. It is conceivable that the inhibition of T cell adherence to ECM by antibodies or synthetic peptides could suppress inflammatory activity in UC.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗