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Biomedical subjects

S Hilton

Publications and source records attributed to S Hilton.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Abdominal lymphadenopathy in intravenous drug addicts: sonographic features and clinical significance.

The sonographic features of abdominal lymphadenopathy in 35 patients with history of intravenous drug addiction were analyzed to assess their clinical significance. Of the 28 proven cases, 15 were due to reactive hyperplasia, 10 to infections, and three to neoplasms. Sonography was helpful in assessing the pathologic nature of these nodes. Most nodes attributable to reactive hyperplasia were small (less than or equal to 1.5 cm diam) and showed a characteristic distribution in the porta hepatis, celiac axis, and peripancreatic regions. Hypoechoic nodes were always pathologic, due either to tuberculosis or to neoplasm. Nodes larger than 1.5 cm in diameter and primarily involving the lower retroperitoneum, splenic hilum, and mesentery are highly suspicious for pathologic nodes, and appropriate biopsies are indicated for diagnosis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Diffuse testicular disease: sonographic features and significance.

Sonographic findings in 26 patients with diffuse testicular disease were retrospectively analyzed for features to differentiate diffuse neoplasms from diffuse orchitis or infarct. Diffuse neoplasms were associated with moderate to marked enlargement, globular shape, lobulated contour, and heterogeneous texture of the testis; the epididymis and scrotal skin were normal. In diffuse inflammatory disease, the testis was mild to moderately enlarged, the oval shape and smooth contour were preserved, and the texture was generally homogeneous; the epididymis was often enlarged, and scrotal skin was almost always thickened.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1984

CT findings in acute renal infarction.

CT scans of 12 patients with renal infarcts were reviewed. CT findings along with the clinical presentation were diagnostic in 10 cases. Correlation with angiography (5 cases) and sonography (8 cases) was made. The diagnosis of renal infarction can usually be made on the basis of specific CT findings. Angiography is valuable in helping to establish the cause and direct treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Metastatic disease to the pancreas: evaluation by computed tomography.

Seven patients with one or more pancreatic masses due to metastases to the pancreatic parenchyma were studied by CT. Two patterns were observed. Three patients had multiple nodules studding the pancreatic surface. Four patients had a solitary focal mass indistinguishable from a primary pancreatic neoplasm. In patients with a solitary focal lesion surgical biopsy may be necessary to differentiate between metastasis and primary pancreatic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Hepatocellular carcinoma with venous invasion. Sonographic-angiographic correlation.

Ultrasound was correlated with angiography for assessment of tumor extension to the intrahepatic inferior vena cava, hepatic veins, and portal vein branches in 15 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 85 cases of hepatic metastases. Sonography revealed intraluminal tumor thrombus in 5 cases of HCC (33%), which were confirmed by angiography (sensitivity and specificity = 100%), and in 1 case of hepatic metastases (1%). Sonography was superior in depicting veins obscured or nonopacified on angiography, which in turn demonstrated arteriovenous shunting not appreciated on sonography. Used as the initial procedure for evaluation of venous extension of HCC, ultrasound can suggest the histology (though this must be confirmed by biopsy) and determine the feasibility of resection.

Angiography↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography of the diaphragm: peridiaphragmatic fluid localization.

Fifty-eight consecutive cases of peridiaphragmatic fluid collections were correctly localized by computed tomography. The key to accurate localization of peridiaphragmatic fluid is identification of the hemidiaphragms. Pulmonary consolidation and pleural fluid collections lie adjacent and peripheral to the convexity of the hemidiaphragms. Free pleural fluid distends the posterior pleural recesses, important anatomic landmarks beneath the bases of the lungs. Intra-abdominal fluid collections lie adjacent and central to the convexity of the hemidiaphragms. On the right side intraperitoneal fluid is restricted from contact with the bare area of the liver by the coronary ligaments. It is concluded that peridiaphragmatic fluid collections can generally be readily identified if one is familiar with normal cross-sectional anatomy.

Ascites↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasound analysis of solid-appearing abscesses.

A retrospective review of 96 abdominal abscesses yielded 11 cases (9%) that were diffusely echogenic on sonograms and that stimulated findings of solid lesions. Sonographic features of these abscesses were analyzed and compared with features of 78 cases of hepatic metastasis. An abscess was considered solid appearing when it contained diffuse internal echoes that were distributed over 90% of the abscess cavity. The visualized internal echoes were of low to medium amplitude, and were generally similar to the normal echogenicity of the parenchymal organs, such as the liver, spleen, or uterus. Distal acoustic enhancement was seen in 91% of the solid abscesses, and it was not seen in hepatic metastases. A distinct echogenic wall was present in 64% of the abscesses (subacute and chronic lesions), but this occurred in less than 4% of metastases. Thin peripheral halos inside or outside of and adjacent to the abscess wall were seen in 36% of abscesses. The peripheral halos seen in metastases were wider and not associated with an echogenic wall. The diagnosis of a diffusely echogenic abscess and differentiation from a neoplasm is possible when the sonographic findings of acoustic enhancement, thin peripheral halo, and echogenic abscess wall are present.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Sonography of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Sonograms of six patients with adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder were reviewed and correlated with oral cholecystographic and pathologic findings. The gallbladder was visualized in four of the six patients by oral cholecystography, which also revealed intramural diverticula. Five of the six patients showed sonographic evidence of diffuse or segmental thickening of the gallbladder wall and intramural diverticula, seen as anechoic or echogenic foci within the wall. Intramural diverticula containing bile appeared as anechoic spaces; those containing biliary sludge or gallstones appeared as echogenic foci with or without acoustic shadows or reverberation artifacts. There was good correlation between sonographic and pathologic findings in three patients. The authors conclude that adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder should be suspected when (a) there is diffuse or segmental thickening of the gallbladder wall and (b) intramural diverticula are seen as anechoic or echogenic foci with or without associated acoustic shadows or reverberation artifacts.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cystic renal disease in tuberous sclerosis.

The clinical and radiologic findings of tuberous sclerosis in three family members, which manifested as renal insufficiency due to extensive renal cystic disease, are described. The family was thought to have polycystic kidney disease until coexisting tiny angiomyolipomas were found among the cysts (by computed tomography in two patients and at autopsy in one). The radiologic and pathologic factors that establish the diagnosis of renal cystic disease associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hematosalpinx in tubal pregnancy: sonographic-pathologic correlation.

Review of sonograms in 84 patients with documented tubal pregnancies yielded 15 cases with discrete, diffusely echogenic, adnexal masses (18%). All these cases were proven at surgery to represent hematosalpinx containing clotted blood. The characteristic sonographic findings in these cases enabled an accurate preoperative diagnosis in 12 consecutive patients. Hematosalpinx containing clotted blood was seen as a diffusely echogenic adnexal mass accompanied in most cases by areas of high-intensity echoes. Pelvic hemoperitoneum (five cases) was diffusely echogenic due to clotted blood, and its recognition enabled evaluation of the upper abdomen for extension of hemorrhage. The echogenicity of the adnexal mass and pelvic hematoma was similar to that of the uterus, resulting in obscuration of its contour. The following sonographic features are characteristic of tubal pregnancy in the proper clinical setting: (1) absence of intrauterine gestation; (2) diffusely echogenic adnexal mass with areas of high-intensity echoes; and (3) diffusely echogenic hematoma in the pouch of Douglas.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1983

Subchorionic bleeding in threatened abortion: sonographic findings and significance.

Fifty-six patients with clinical threatened abortion were evaluated by sonography. In six patients, fetal cardiac activity was absent at or beyond 9 weeks of gestation, and fetal death was confirmed in all six cases. In the other 50 patients, fetal cardiac activity was present at or beyond 9 weeks of gestation. In 10 (20%) of these 50 patients, subchorionic bleeding was present in various degrees, appearing sonographically as an extrachorionic crescentic anechoic or complex collection. The final outcome in the 50 patients with fetal cardiac activity was as follows: In the absence of subchorionic bleeding, 100% of the pregnancies progressed to term; in the presence of subchorionic bleeding the positive outcome was reduced to 80%. In addition to signs of fetal life on sonography, subchorionic bleeding is an important factor affecting the outcome of gestations in patients with clinical threatened abortion.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the postoperative abdominal aorta.

Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was performed on 46 patients who had undergone graft replacement of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Twelve postoperative complications were found in nine patients. They included hemorrhage, infection, anastomotic pseudoaneurysms, major vessel occlusion, postoperative pancreatitis, and others. The varied appearance of the normal postoperative graft is also presented. It is concluded that CT is a rapid, sensitive, and noninvasive method for detecting or excluding postoperative complications of abdominal aortic surgery.

Aorta, Abdominal↗