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Biomedical subjects

S Higuchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Higuchi.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Evaluation of single-point phenytoin dosage prediction methods in pediatric patients.

Phenytoin (PHT) dosage adjustment in a clinical situation is difficult because of the nonlinear metabolism of the drug. Therefore, many techniques have been advocated to aid in dosage adjustments based on single-point PHT concentration determined at steady-state (SS). We retrospectively investigated seven methods in a population of 90 outpatients treated with PHT. The dose needed to achieve a desired PHT concentration at SS was calculated based on an observed SS dose-concentration pair using the Richens and Dunlop nomogram (RD), the Rambeck nomogram, the Martin nomogram, the Chiba nomogram, a population clearance method, the Wagner dosing equation and the Bayesian feedback method(B). Mean prediction error, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) were separately calculated for each method, and served as a measure of prediction bias and precision. The MAE and RMSE were lowest for method B (MAE = 28.7 mg/d, RMSE = 36.8 mg/d), followed by method RD (MAE = 30.3 mg/d, RMSE = 40.8 mg/d). Therefore, we recommend the use of method B to make routine PHT dosage adjustments in pediatric patients when only one dose and one concentration are available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Development of Theileria sergenti in the haemolymph of the tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis.

The haemolymph of adult tick Haemaphysalis longicornis infected with Theileria sergenti, was examined at regulat intervals of time. As a result, kinetics could be detected in the haemolymph for the first time 25 days after the engorgement. The kinetics detected could be classified into three types on the basis of their morphological characteristics. They increased gradually in number, reaching a maximum 32 days later. Then they tended to decrease in number, disappearing almost completely from the haemolymph 44 days after the engorgement of ticks.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

PEDA: a microcomputer program for parameter estimation and dosage adjustment in clinical practice.

PEDA, an integrated program in BASIC for implementation on microcomputers, has been developed for use in clinical practice to assist dosage adjustment for individual patients. A parameter optimization for individual patients is based on the principle of Bayes' theory and Maximum Likelihood Estimation, and utilizes a prior information on the distribution of population pharmacokinetic parameters, means and variances, as well as serum drug concentrations. The program can accommodate a one-compartment open linear model and a non-linear model at steady state (Michaelis-Menten model) and handle both uniform and non-uniform multiple dosage regimens mostly arising from clinical settings. Clinical examples which demonstrate the ability and the flexibility of the program are provided. The program may also be used as an aid for instruction in clinical pharmacokinetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of a new anti-inflammatory compound, 2-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl] propionic acid (TA), in experimental animals].

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of orally administered TA were investigated in experimental animals. Against acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice, carrageenin-induced hind paw edema in rats and ultra-violet ray-induced erythema in guinea pigs, TA produced a dose related inhibition at doses of 40-160 mg/kg, 10-40 mg/kg and 10-40 mg/kg, respectively. TA produced no inhibition against histamine-induced vascular permeability even at a dose of 200 mg/kg in rats. Cotton pellet-induced granuloma and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats were significantly inhibited by repeated administration of TA at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 6 days and 25 mg/kg/day for 6 days, respectively. TA showed a dose related analgesic effect at a dose of 50-200 mg/kg in acetic acid writhing, Randall-Selitto and adjuvant arthritic pain methods. A high dose of TA was needed to produce an analgesic effect in the pressure method using mice. TA produced an anti-pyretic effect against the pyrexia induced by yeast in rats. On the other hand, TA showed no effect against normal body temperature in rats. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of TA are generally a little weaker than those of ibuprofen, and the mode of action of TA is similar to that of a typical acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen, indomethacin or phenylbutazone. The ulcerogenic activity of TA was about 2 and 4 times weaker than that of ibuprofen in rats and mice, respectively. TA showed a protective effect against gastric necrosis induced by HCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analgesics↗