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Biomedical subjects

S Hatano

Publications and source records attributed to S Hatano.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The trend and magnitude of ischaemic heart disease in Japan.

The secular trends and present status in Japan of the incidence and prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction, have been debated between clinicians and epidemiologists. In order to have a clearer picture, available information from national mortality statistics, cardiovascular surveys and patient surveys have been scrutinized. Also pooled autopsy records and epidemiological studies on selected population groups have been studied. The findings are still controversial, but the tentative conclusion is that morbidity from acute myocardial infarction in Japan is still low and has increased only slightly, but signs of a change can be observed. Various confounding factors in mortality and morbidity statistics are presented and discussed. There is a need to develop monitoring systems to obtain more accurate information on the magnitude and secular trends of ischaemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Stroke mortality and proportional expenditure on selected food items in Japanese communities.

Proportional food expenditure was calculated from the 1959 National Survey of Family Income and Expenditures and 843 municipalities were trichotomized according to the relative expenditure of various food items. Sex specific standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of stroke (1969-83) was calculated for each trichotomized food expenditure subgroup and compared. Results indicated that Western style diet such as expenditure of meat, milk and egg and bread had negative association with SMR. The expenditure of meat showed a negative association with SMR in all the three rice expenditure subgroups, but that of milk and egg in the low rice expenditure subgroup only. Consumption of constituents of the traditional Japanese diet, such as rice and other cereals, certain seasonings, salted and dried fish showed a positive association with SMR. Alcoholic beverages and cakes also showed a positive association. The secular trend of declining stroke mortality was parallel to the increase in the consumption of milk, meat, fish, eggs, soybeans, oil and fats and to the decrease in rice consumption. These findings were in accordance with the generally held view in Japan that moderate intake of animal protein was protective against stroke.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1983

A case of 21q-syndrome with half normal SOD-1 activity.

A male Japanese infant was found to have a chromosomal aberration of del(21)(qter leads to q22.1-2) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. The cuprozinc enzyme (SOD-1) level was 40-50% of normal, while the cyanide-insensitive manganese enzyme (SOD-2) activity was within the normal range. Determination of SOD activity in blood cells is a valuable method of classification of the syndrome.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1983

Contraction of triton-treated culture cells. A calcium-sensitive contractile model.

Using five species of mammalian and avian cells, the authors succeeded in preparing Triton-treated culture cells that contract upon addition of MgATP. The contraction of these Triton cell models was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide-modified myosin subfragment-1, a specific inhibitor of actin-myosin interaction. Triton cell models adhered more strongly to the substratum than glycerinated ones. Triton cell models of mouse 3T3 and human MRC-5 cells showed Ca2+-sensitive contraction. They required Ca2+ of 1 microM or more for the contraction. Other Triton cell models and all glycerinated cell models did not require Ca2+ for the contraction. The Ca2+-dependent contraction of 3T3 and MRC-5 cell models was inhibited by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin. The Ca2+-sensitivity of the contraction was lost by pretreatment of these cell models with adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) in the presence of Ca2+. These results agree with a hypothesis that Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain regulates actin-myosin interactions in non-muscle cells.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Erythrocyte manganese concentration in healthy Japanese children, adults, and the elderly, and in cord blood.

This study showed differences in erythrocyte manganese concentrations in different age groups and in cord blood. All determinations were performed with a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean erythrocyte manganese concentration at one month of age was 435.1 +/- 118.7 ng/g Hb, three to four times higher than in adults. Thereafter, it decreased rapidly and was constant from 4 months to 11 yr of age. However, at 12 to 19 yr of age the concentration in males decreased (108.1 +/- 20.2 ng/g Hb) and was significantly lower than in females (141.7 +/- 25.5 ng/g Hb) (p less than 0.01). This sex difference became even greater in adults aged 20 to 40 yr, when it was 91.5 +/- 22.4 ng/g Hb in males and 141.2 +/- 19.8 ng/g Hb in females (p less than 0.001). The erythrocyte manganese concentration in adults was 31.6 +/- 9.2 ng/ml, somewhat higher than the value previously reported, which may reflect dietary habits in Japan or a racial difference.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and characterization of Physarum profilin.

A protein that functionally resembles mammalian and Acanthamoeba profilins, has been purified from Physarum plasmodia. Physarum profilin consists of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 11,000-13,000. It has an isoelectric point of 5.35-5.40 under denaturing conditions. The amino acid composition of this protein is similar to those of profilins isolated from other sources. Physarum profilin prolongs the process of actin polymerization in a concentration-dependent fashion. This effect is much stronger for Physarum G-actin than for muscle G-actin.

Actins↗
PubMed1982

Effect of fragmin on actin polymerization: evidence for enhancement of nucleation and capping of the barbed end.

As reported previously, fragmin isolated from Physarum plasmodia restricts the polymerization of actin to produce short F-actin filaments in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Here it is shown that when actin is polymerized at low concentrations of salts, fragmin increases the critical concentration of actin for polymerization. This effect of fragmin on the critical concentration is independent of the molar ratio of fragmin to actin. The addition of actin monomers onto heavy meromyosin-decorated F-actin fragments treated with fragmin occurs unidirectionally at the pointed end of each fragment. These results suggest that fragmin binds to the barbed ends of F-actin filaments and inhibits association and dissociation of actin monomers at this end. Fragmin accelerates the initial stage of polymerization of actin. When a constant amount of G-actin is polymerized in the presence of small amounts of fragmin, the inverse of the half-polymerization time increases in proportion to the square root of the amount of fragmin added. This means that fragmin acts as a potent promoter of the nucleation step in actin polymerization. Both functions of fragmin--promotion of nucleation and capping at the barbed end of F-actin--require micromolar concentrations of Ca2+.

Actins↗
PubMed1982

Copper levels in plasma and erythrocytes in healthy Japanese children and adults.

This study showed differences in plasma and erythrocyte copper concentrations in children and adults. All determinations were performed with a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean plasma copper level at 1 month of age was significantly lower than in adults. After 1 month of age the mean concentration in plasma increased to its peak value at 2 to 5 yr of age, then decreased gradually with age. At 7 months to 10 yr of age, the copper levels in plasma were significantly higher than in adults. The erythrocyte copper levels at 1 month to 1 yr of age were significantly higher than in adults. The copper content of erythrocytes was highest at 2 to 6 months of age and then decreased gradually. The copper concentration of erythrocytes may reflect more accurately liver and total body copper levels than does the plasma copper level. There is less possibility of copper contamination in erythrocytes than in hair. Therefore, the measurement of erythrocyte copper concentration may well be a helpful index of the total copper status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Accumulation of Free Fatty Acids during Hardening of Chlorella ellipsoidea.

Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck (IAM C-27) was synchronously grown, and cells at an intermediate stage in the ripening phase of the cell cycle were hardened at 3 degrees C for 48 hours. A nonpolar lipid which increased greatly during hardening was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were the main components of the lipid. Electron micrographs revealed the appearance of lipid bodies in hardened cells. When formation of free fatty acids and lipid bodies was inhibited with cycloheximide, oligomycin, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, the development of a high level of hardiness was always inhibited. However, the converse results were not always realized. Cells hardened in the dark in the absence of glucose developed a measurable hardiness in spite of their failure to form free fatty acids. The appearance of lipid bodies was invariably accompanied by the formation of the fatty acids. In pulse-labeling with [(14)C]NaHCO(3) for 4 minutes at zero time and at the 12th hour of hardening, initial incorporation rates of (14)C into total lipids of whole cells and the cellular membrane fraction were significantly higher than that into free fatty acids. These results suggest that, although fatty acids are inserted into membrane lipids during hardening, the accumulation of free fatty acids and the appearance of lipid bodies per se are not involved in the development of frost hardiness.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Transition of Lipid Synthesis from Chloroplasts to a Cytoplasmic System during Hardening in Chlorella ellipsoidea.

Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck (IAM C-27) was synchronously grown and cells at an intermediate stage in the ripening phase of the cell cycle were hardened at 3 C for 48 hours. At various times of hardening, the cells were pulse-labeled for 4 minutes with [(14)C]NaHCO(3) in the light or with [(14)C]glucose in the dark, and the incorporation rate of (14)C into total lipids was determined. A high incorporation rate of [(14)C]NaHCO(3) at zero time of hardening decreased after 6 hours. In the next 15 hours, a distinct increase was noted. This increase occurred prior to the development of frost hardiness. Cycloheximide completely inhibited both the increase and the development, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea remarkably lowered the high incorporation rate at zero time. The incorporation rate of [(14)C]glucose increased along with hardiness in the dark. These results suggest that the major site of lipid synthesis shifts from chloroplasts to a cytoplasmic system during hardening of Chlorella.

Journal Article↗