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Biomedical subjects

S Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Hashimoto.

At least 1,387 records · Page 77Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Hepatic gluconeogenic key enzymes in patients with hepatic cancer.

Key enzymes of gluconeogenesis in the liver, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [EC 4.1.1.32] and glucose-6-phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.9], were studied in patients with primary or metastatic hepatic cancer. Liver specimens for enzyme assay were obtained by necropsy performed within four hours after death. It was confirmed that both enzyme activities in rat liver preserved at 4 degrees C remained unchanged within nine hours after the removal of the tissue. Activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase decreased to below ten per cent of the control in neoplastic liver tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied with liver cirrhosis. These two enzyme activities in cirrhotic tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were lower than those in patients merely with cirrhosis. In patients with metastatic hepatic cancer both two enzyme activities further decreased and were scarcely detected not only in neoplastic tissue but also in non-neoplastic tissue. These results show that hepatic gluconeogenesis markedly decreases in patients with primary or metastatic hepatic cancer. The biochemical analysis of the blood in hepatic cancer, decreased in blood glucose and release in immunoreactive glucagon, also suggested the suppression of gluconeogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Neuronal changes of hypokalemic myopathy. A light- and electron-microscopic study on muscle biopsy.

Hypokalemic myopathy has been observed in various clinical conditions. There are many studies of the pathomorphological changes of muscle fibers but alterations in intramuscular nerves and motor end-plates are seldom mentioned. The present authors observed biopsied muscle from a 51-year-old housewife who had suffered from gradually increasing muscle weakness. Laboratory examinations revealed a severe hypokalemia of 1.5 mEq/1, 18304 U/1 of CPK, 1300 U/1 of LDH, 343 U/1 of SGOT and 297 IU/1 of adolase. Light-microscopic examination showed changes previously described, including twin-peaked distribution in the histogram of type I, IIA and IIB fibers, ballooning and thickening of terminal axon, and 2 or 3 end-plates closely spaced along the length of muscle fibers. The electron-microscopic examination revealed empty folds of basement membrane in end-plate regions, reduced secondary synaptic clefts, interposition of Schwann cell processes between nerve ending and primary synaptic cleft, and an increase of disarranged microtubules and neurofilaments in terminal axons. The findings suggest that severe hypokalemia primarily produces structural alterations of intramuscular peripheral nerves and motor end-plates as well as of muscle fibers.

Axons↗
PubMed1980

Distribution of premovement slow cortical potentials associated with self-paced hand movements in monkeys.

With electrodes chronically implanted on the surface and in the depth of the cerebral cortex, field potentials were led from various cortical areas of the bilateral hemispheres of monkeys performing self-paced hand movements. In the hemisphere contralateral to the moving hand, surface negative-depth positive, slowly increasing premovement potentials were recorded in wider portions of the premotor cortex and in the forelimb areas of the motor and somatosensory cortices. In the ipsilateral hemisphere, the potentials of relatively large amplitudes were often obtained in the premotor cortex, whereas either small or no premovement potentials were recorded in the motor and somatosensory cortices.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage after hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia.

During the past 12 mo, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) was carried out in 9 infants (12 procedures) who had undergone hepatic portoenterostomy (8) and hepatic portocholecystostomy (1) for biliary atresia. Bile excretion following surgery was observed in all infants. In all patients, cholangiogram at the initiation of PTCD was successful in visualizing the intrahepatic biliary system. PTCD was achieved in 5 infants (9 procedures). In infants with cholangitis, cultures of the intrahepatic bile were positive for enteric flora. Direct administration of antibiotics via the PTCD catheter into the bile ducts was transiently effective in the management of cholangitis. In one patient, it was observed that continuous PTCD over three weeks was effective in reducing serum bilirubin by relief of cholestasis. This technique is useful for: (1) demonstration of the reconstructed biliary system, (2) collection of bile from the intrahepatic biliary system for biochemical and bacteriologic studies, (3) direct administration of antibiotics to the bile ducts for cholangitis and (4) decompression of the intrahepatic system and relief of biliary stasis.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1980

Serum ferritin levels in patients with cervical cancer.

Serum ferritin levels were determined by a radioimmunoassay (a 2-site solid-phase method). The mean ferritin level for 52 control women was 35 ng/ml, and the 2nd to 98th percentile reference intervals were 3.9 to 108 ng/ml. The upper limit of ferritin level for controls was determined to be 108 ng/ml, and the sera from cervical cancer patients were screened. In 98 patients with untreated cervical cancer, 50 (51%) had elevated levels of serum ferritin. Among 36 patients who were surgically treated and whose resected specimens were pathologically examined, 12 of 16 patients (75%) with ferritin levels above normal and 3 of 20 patients (15%) with levels below 108 ng/ml had parametrial invasion and/or lymph node metastasis. Serum ferritin levels were measured at 2- to 4-week intervals and 6 months after treatment on 21 patients with levels elevated before therapy. Ferritin levels decreased to the normal range 4 weeks after treatment in many patients, but the development of elevated levels thereafter was closely associated with a poor prognosis. Measurement of serum ferritin may be useful in predicting the extent of cancer beyond the cervix and the prognosis for cervical cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pigmented contact dermatitis from azo dyes. I. Cross-sensitivity in humans.

Eight patients suffering from pigmented contact dermatitis caused by the commerical Brilliant Lake Red R were patch tested with purified Sudan I and its several chemical analogues. Positive reactions were observed to Sudan I, Orange SS, Brilliant Lake Red R, Vacanceine Red, Yellow OB and Sudan II. Negative tests were obtained with Toluidine Red, Permanent Orange, Lithol Red and Sudan III. We found that the commerical Brilliant Lake Red R which has been said to be most important causative agent of pigmented contact dermatitis, contained Sudan I as a major impurity. The patients reacting to Brilliant Lake Red R always gave a positive reaction to Sudan I, but those reacting to Sudan I did not always give a positive reaction to Brilliant Lake Red R. This suggests that Sudan I is a potent sensitizer and may induce contact sensitivity and Brilliant Lake Red R itself is a weak sensitizer or a cross-reacting substance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hypercoagulability in patients with mitral stenosis -- from the viewpoint of the behavior of plasma antithrombin III and alpha2-plasmin inhibitor.

The concentration of plasma antithrombin III (AT III) and the biological activity of plasma alpha2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI) were measured in cases of mitral stenosis (MS) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) without MS. Cases of MS showed the findings of the low levels of plasma AT III and normal or a little higher levels of plasma alpha 2-PI, that was not recognized in RHD without MS. This finding was interpreted to be hypercoagulable because of the acceleration of coagulation and of little or slight retardation of fibrinolysis. Besides, the influence of atrial fibrillation and chronic congestive heart failure on hypercoagulability in cases of MS was detected clearly, but the influence of them in cases of non-RHD was obscure. As the results, the severer the degree of MS, the clearer the hypercoagulable state. Therefore, the prethrombotic state existed in cases of MS, combined with blood flow disturbance due to atrial fibrillation or chronic congestive heart failure, endocardial damage resulted from rheumatic fever in an early stage and hypercoagulable state mentioned above in the present study. There was no significant difference between cases with and without thrombi in the degree of hypercoagulability in subjects with MS shown in the present work. It was concluded that the consumption of AT III caused the low levels of it in cases of MS, and that the low production of AT III in the liver rather than consumption caused the low levels of it in cases of non-RHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Partial characterization of monoamine oxidase in the salivary gland of rats.

Changes in the substrate specificity of monoamine oxidase in the rat submaxillary gland were examined after ligation of the excretory duct and after denervation by postganglionic sympathectomy. Atrophy of the parenchymal cells after ligation of the excretory duct was observed, but such was not so clear after the denervation. The rate of decreases in the enzyme activity after the duct ligation was highest with serotonin, intermediate with dopamine and tyramine and lowest with beta-phenylethylamine, used as substrates. The proportion of form A monoamine oxidase was examined using clorgyline as an inhibitor specific for form A enzyme; approximately 95%, 90% and 85% of the total enzyme activities were attributed to form A enzyme in the intact glands, in the denervated glands and in the duct ligated glands, respectively. These results indicate that 90% of the enzyme activity in the parenchymal cells and almost of all the enzyme activity in the sympathetic nerves of the gland may be attributed to form A enzyme and the atrophy of parenchymal cells after the duct ligation results in a decrease in form A enzyme more markedly than form B.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Subacute toxicity study of lentinan in rats. 5-week intravenous treatment (author's transl)].

Male and female JCL : SD rats were treated intravenously with lentinan in 5% mannitol solution at dose levels of 0, 0.03, 3.0 and 30.0 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks. Rats receiving 0.3, 3.0 and 30.0 mg/kg/day showed reddening in ear, tail and scrotum and edema in legs and scrotum after day 3 of treatment. Males receiving 30.0 mg/kg/day gained less body weight than control. Occult blood was found in the urine of rats receiving 30.0 mg/kg/day. With regard to haematology, rats from the treatment groups had low mean values relating to red blood cell count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin, while high white blood cell count were recorded for these rats. Biochemical examinations revealed decreases in albumin level and A/G ratio and increases in beta-globulin and gamma-globulin levels for rats from the treatment groups. Slightly high values of BUN were showed for rats receiving 30.0 mg/kg/day. Organ weight analysis showed dose-dependent increase in the spleen, liver and adrenal. Histopathological changes attributable to treatment included (1) changes in reticuloendothelial system such as proliferation of reticular cells and micronodule of epithelioid cells in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes; (2) arteritis in many organs especially notable in epididymis, intestines and mesentery; (3) haemorrhagic changes in lung, intestines and urinary bladder and secondary changes such as increased chronic nephropathy, hypospermatogenesis, spermatic granuloma in epididymis and granulomatous inflammation in ear, tail and scrotum. The maxim safe dose was estimated to be smaller than 0.03 mg/kg/day for males and 0.03 mg/kg/day for females in the present study.

Animals↗