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Biomedical subjects

S Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Hashimoto.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Exploration on the reconstruction of lung image and the estimation of lung tissue volume by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)].

We studied the use of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for evaluating lung image and measuring lung tissue volume, in a lung phantom and healthy volunteers. Three conditions of image processing were tested using the phantom, and found out a backprojection method with using a Shepp-Logan filter and a pre-reconstruction smoothing of 3 X 3 pixels to be suited. A lung tissue volume was estimated from the summation of voxels in the region where the SPECT value was greater than an arbitrary threshold level. We changed phantom lung density from 0.34 g/cm3 to 0.58 g/cm3, but there was no significant effect in the estimated volume by the density change. Changes in the lung SPECT images and lung tissue volumes in healthy subjects were studied, after changing the lung volume by applying either continuous negative body-surface pressure (CNP) to the thorax or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Difference of the lung expansion in the two methods was visualized by the SPECT images. The lung tissue volumes obtained by SPECT were correlated with the functional residual capacity by Helium dilution method (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001). We concluded that lung SPECT could be used clinically to display the distribution of a tracer radio-isotope in the lungs and also used to estimate the lung tissue volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Renography and renal imaging with 123I-orthoiodohippurate; comparison with 131I-orthoiodohippurate].

Renography and renal imaging with 123I-orthoiodohippurate (OIH) were performed in 29 patients with various renal diseases, and a comparison made with 131I-OIH. In all patients, renograms and images with 123I-OIH were superior to those with 131I-OIH, because of the increased density and image excellence of 123I-OIH. In addition, dynamic images to evaluate renal blood flow, as well as high quality sequential excretion images, can be obtained with 123I-OIH. From our clinical results, 123I-OIH is expected to replace 131I-OIH in renal function studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Correlation between somatosensory evoked potentials and long loop reflexes--basic investigation and its application for multiple sclerosis].

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and long loop reflexes (LLRs) to the median nerve stimulation were investigated on 25 normal controls and 25 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Fifteen normal controls were also subjected to LLR study by the common peroneal nerve stimulation. The mean height were 159 +/- 8.2 cm in normal controls and 160 +/- 8.9 cm in MS, respectively. LLRs were obtained with 100% reproducibility in all cases. Upper limb LLRs were recorded from m. abductor pollicis brevis by trigger stimulation during isotonic contraction of the thumb, while lower limb LLRs were recorded from m. peroneus longus by trigger stimulation during isotonic eversion of the foot. The threshold of LLR was lower than that of short latency reflex (H-wave) with the mean latency of 40.4 +/- 1.5 ms. The height of subjects revealed an obvious positive correlation not only with the latency of LLR but also with N 20 of SEP, whereas central conduction time was not. Furthermore, a significant correlation was present between the latencies of LLR and N 20, showing a twofold gradient of LLR against N20. There was a significantly prolonged latency difference between H-wave and LLR of lower limb as compared with that of upper limb. When the stimulation site was changed from the wrist to the elbow, the latency difference between M-wave and H-wave shortened. This fact, therefore, appears to be against "resonance hypothesis" that LLR is set off according to the intrinsic mechanical oscillation given to the muscle concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinicopathological studies of the gastrointestinal tract in adult T-cell leukemia patients].

We analysed the digestive symptoms and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract lesions in 61 patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Digestive symptoms were found in 36 patients (59.0%) at the onset of leukemia, and in 45 patients (73.8%) at the first medical examination. X-ray examination of the GI tract was made in 22 patients, and abnormal stomach mucosa patterns were found in 20 patients (90.9%). Endoscopic examination of the GI tract was carried out in 18 patients, and it revealed that most of the stomach mucosa was accompanied by edema and redness. Erosions and ulcers also were found in many patients. A granular shadow, which was noted during the x-ray examination, could not be confirmed by endoscopy. A pathological examination of biopsied specimens was made in 13 patients, and infiltration of leukemic cells into the stomach was observed in 10 of the 13 cases. These findings suggest that leukemic infiltration into digestive tracts is related to the development of digestive symptoms in ATL patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Basilar artery migraine associated with transient global amnesia].

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an unusual form of the amnestic syndrome, clinically characterized by profound disturbance of short-term memory with preservation of immediate recall and long-term memory. Spontaneous recovery is the rule and is usually complete within several hours. The etiology of TGA is not clear. It is considered to be caused by transient ischemia confined to the medial temporal lobe, an area supplied by branches of the vertebrobasilar system. Basilar artery migraine is a well-known syndrome, first described by Bickerstaff. Besides pulsating headache, the dominant symptoms are vertigo, ataxic gait, tinnitus, dysarthria, paraeshesia in the hands, homonymous hemianopsia and sometimes drop-attacks. These symptoms are associated with vertebrobasilar system dysfunction. In this paper, three migraine patients, suffering from one episode of TGA, were reported. All patients were women. Case 1 was a 48-year-old woman with a history of common migraine. Case 2 was a 48-year-old woman with a history of classic migraine. Case 3 was a 59-year-old woman with a common migraine. Family history of migraine exists in case 1 and case 3. Their migrainous attacks began in their twenties and thirties. They suddenly suffered migraine with the symptoms of vertebrobasilar dysfunction. These symptoms are ataxic gait (Case 1, 2, 3), dysarthria (Case 1, 2), vertigo (Case 1, 3) and homonymous hemianopsia (Case 1, 3). Simultaneously three patients had TGA. Duration of retrograde amnesia were about twenty-four hours (Case 1), about thirty minutes (Case 2) and about three hours (Case 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amnesia↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of peripheral-type lung cancer using a new type of endoscope].

A new device, the BF-2.2T, has been designed to go through the 2.6 mm channel of the conventional fiberoptic bronchoscope (Olympus BF-1T20). It measures 2.2 mm in outer diameter; it has a visual angle of 75 degrees, a focal depth of 3 to 50 mm, a working length of 1150 mm, and a total length of 1400 mm. It bends 120 degrees in an upward direction and 120 degrees in a downward direction. The tip, 2.2 mm phi, of the BF-2.2 T angulates like a conventional bronchofiberscope, and this is the main characteristic of this instrument. The BF-2.2 T yields clinically satisfactory observation and photography, as a method for determining morphological changes in peripheral type lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm].

Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography (TEDE) was performed in three patients with proven or suspected DeBakey type I and type III aortic dissection. Case 1: A 66-year-old woman, with DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Clear images of a widened dissected aorta and an intimal flap were obtained in both the ascending and descending aorta, including the aortic arch. The site of an entry into the false lumen was identified by the defect of the intimal flap and the pulsatile entry flow through it. The reentry into the true lumen was also identified near the orifice of the celiac trunk. In this case, the observation was performed using this technique during the operation; i.e., replacement of the ascending aorta with an artificial graft. Case 2: A 77-year-old man, DeBakey type III aortic dissection. The study was performed after surgery which consisted of replacement of the descending aorta with an artificial graft. TEDE provided clear images of the artificial graft, the aorta, and their boundaries. The remaining intimal flap was clearly confirmed. Case 3: An 80-year-old man, DeBakey type III aortic dissection. In this case, though abdominal echography suggested aortic dissection, angiography and X-ray CT failed to facilitate the diagnosis. Only TEDE confirmed the diagnosis. The abnormal flow via the entry directing toward the false lumen was clearly demonstrated on the color Doppler images. We therefore conclude that TEDE is a useful and reliable means of diagnosing dissecting aortic aneurysm.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructure of basal cell adenoma in the parotid gland.

Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland was studied with electron microscopy. The cells constituting this tumor were divided into three types of epithelial cells; ductal, myoepithelial, and squamous cells. The ductal cells, which were polygonal and cuboidal in shape, formed a sometimes distinct lumen. Glycogen were recognized in the cytoplasm of these cells. The myoepithelial cells appeared as plasmacytoid cells which contained abundant microfilaments. The squamous cells were characterized by the presence of well-developed tonofilaments and desmosomes. However, no secretory cells could be found, although small, electron dense granules were detected in the cytoplasm of the ductal cells. The granules were unlike secretory granules in their size, number and location. In consideration of the presence of secretory and myoepithelial cells, we reviewed previously reported literature and discussed the identification of secretory granules. From our and other reported results, we tentatively concluded that the electron dense granules described as secretory granules are not intrinsic secretory granules. Further, we suggested that the cell types and the histogenesis of basal cell adenoma are analogous to those of both pleomorphic and clear cell adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

[Statistical study of epulis, especially in general pathology].

This report contains a statistical study of 874 cases of epulis diagnosed by the Department of Pathology of Tokyo Dental College from 1966 to 1986. 1. Of the 874 cases, 344 were epulis fibrosa, 217 were epulis granulomatosa, 78 were epulis fibromatosa, 74 were epulis fibrosaosteoplastica, 51 were epulis hemangiomatosa, 43 were epulis fibrosa teleangiectaticum, 15 were epulis cementoplastica, 14 were epulis osteomatosa, 3 were congenital epulis, 2 were giant cell epulis, and 1 was epulis cementomatosa. 2. As has been reported in other literature, there is a marked tendency for this condition to occur in females (331 male cases and 539 female cases). 3. Our data indicate a higher occurrence rate in people in their fifties, although the occurrence rates were similar in people in their twenties and in people in their sixties. 4. The epulis was observed most frequently in the maxillary incisor region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Testicular metastasis of multiple myeloma: a case report].

A 49-year-old man was admitted to our department with the complaint of right scrotal painless swelling in May 1986. The patient had been treated for multiple myeloma since November 1985. Right orchiectomy was performed under the diagnosis of malignant testicular tumor. The right scrotal mass was 5 x 7.5 x 3.5 cm in size. Histological diagnosis was testicular metastasis of multiple myeloma. Testicular metastasis of multiple myeloma is very rare and only 5 cases have been reported in the Japanese literature. The 6 cases including our case with testicular metastasis of multiple myeloma in Japan are reviewed.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of airway deposition on the assessment of lung injury by 99mTc-DTPA clearance--lung injury in interstitial lung diseases assessed by using the duplicated 99mTc-DTPA aerosol inhalation method].

The 99mTc-DTPA aerosol inhalation method permits detection of pulmonary epithelial damage. We investigated one of several problems, airway deposition of inhaled aerosol, on the assessment of pulmonary epithelial permeability in healthy nonsmokers and patients with interstitial lung diseases. We used the rate constant of pulmonary 99mTc-DTPA clearance curve, k, as a parameter of the epithelial permeability. The alveolar-peripheral airway deposition of aerosol was estimated by the duplicated inhalation method, which we newly developed. The mean k in patients with interstitial lung diseases (2.52 +/- 0.72%/min, n = 8; p less than 0.01) was significantly greater than that in healthy nonsmokers (0.92 +/- 0.20%/min, n = 4). The alveolar-peripheral airway deposition was similar in both healthy nonsmokers and interstitial lung diseases (73.5 +/- 7.8% and 75.5 +/- 9.2%, respectively). The mean k corrected for alveolar-peripheral airway deposition (corrected k; kc) was higher in patients with interstitial lung diseases (4.08 +/- 1.63%/min; p less than 0.01) as compared with healthy nonsmokers (1.36 +/- 0.47%/min). The mean k was significantly greater than the mean kc in both groups (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01). However, there was a significant correlation between the k and kc obtained among the subjects (r = 0.951; p less than 0.01). We, therefore, conclude that correction for alveolar-peripheral airway deposition was not necessary to distinguish the patients with interstitial lung diseases from the healthy nonsmokers using 99mTc-DTPA aerosol inhalation method although the correction was significant in the individual subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Chemotherapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin against experimental pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in guinea pigs.

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin against experimental pneumonia was investigated with special reference to its treatment regimen. A pneumonia model was successfully produced by inhalation of a virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in guinea pigs immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate. One or 4 days after infection, the animals were treated orally with the fixed daily doses of ofloxacin either once a day or thrice a day for 3 consecutive days. Ofloxacin given thrice a day eliminated the organisms from the lung more efficiently than the equivalent total doses injected once a day in both series of treatment, starting 1 or 4 days after infection. The superiority of the triple dosing in chemotherapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin was found to be attributable at least to the longer retention of its pulmonary levels exceeding the antibiotic concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental study of the anti-tumor activity of direct current--an effective adjuvant therapy in irradiation].

The anti-tumor activity of direct current combined with radiation was studied. The experiments were performed with fibrosarcomas (FSA, NFSA) syngenetic to C3H mice. Direct current (0.6mA, 120min) alone was effective to reduce the tumor sizes, but could not cure the tumors. When the direct current therapy (DC therapy) was combined with radiation, the DC therapy following radiation was more effective than that before radiation. Using TCD50 assay, the DC therapy enhanced the effect of a single dose of radiation with the dose-modifying factor of 1.2. However, tumor control rates by the combination therapy were more improved at the smaller doses of radiation than at the larger ones. When the single DC therapy (0.6mA, 120min) was applied immediately after the first radiation of fractionated one the combination therapy still showed the enhanced effect. However, both DC therapy and the radiation therapy were divided in three fractions, and the DC therapy (0.6mA, 40min) was applied after each radiation. Tumor growth retardation by the combination therapy was no different from that by radiation alone. This result suggests that there might be a minimum required dose of coulombs to show the effect of the combination therapy.

Animals↗