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Biomedical subjects

S Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Hashimoto.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Effect of daily energy intake and amount of walking on body weight reduction and its maintenance].

The relationship of daily energy intake and the amount of walking performed, based on pedometer readings, for effective body weight reduction were studied based on results of a weight reduction program at the Aichi Prefectural Center of Health Care from 1983 to 1990. In addition, a follow-up study based on a mailed questionnaire was performed, to further determine the relationship to maintenance of body weight reduction of energy intake and amount of walking after the conclusion of program. The subjects were two-hundred and forty middle-aged obese women who were placed on a 5-month weight reduction program consisting of diet (1500 kcal/day) and exercise (10000 walk steps/day). At the end of the program, the mean energy intake and the mean number of steps per day had reached target levels and the mean body weight reduction was 4.2 kg. The relationship of energy intake, and the number of steps walked at the end of program to the amount of reduction in body weight during the program was analyzed by multiple regression analysis, and the amount of walking expressed in the number of steps necessary for weight reduction were calculated for various energy intakes. A follow-up study was performed in 1988, with sixty-six women responding to the mailed questionnaire. Since the end of the program, body weight increase of 1.1 kg occurred, but body weight was still lower than initially. Although mean energy intake increased after the program, a level about 200 kcal less than at the beginning of the program was being maintained, so the effect of diet recommendation in the program appeared to be retained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of levofloxacin, an optically-active isomer of ofloxacin, on fecal microflora in human volunteers.

Following oral administration of levofloxacin (LVFX, (S)-(-)-Ofloxacin; formerly designated as DR-3355) at 200 mg per dose 3 times a day for 7 days to 6 healthy male volunteers, degrees of disturbance of the fecal microflora and fecal drug concentrations were examined. The total viable count remained unchanged during the study period due to the minimal change in the number of members of the family Bacteroidaceae, the most predominant organisms. Most of the aerobes including facultative anaerobes were suppressed by LVFX with only a slight increase in yeasts. In particular, the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were reduced to below the detection limit on and after day 3 through the time of discontinuation of the drug in all subjects but one. Among the obligate anaerobes, peptostreptococci and bifidobacteria decreased or disappeared in some volunteers, but no significant changes were observed in other anaerobes. Neither Clostridium difficile nor its toxin D-1 was detected in any of the volunteers. No side effects attributable to the drug were observed. During administration, LVFX was detected in the feces at high concentrations which correlated well with the decrease of susceptible members of flora as well as to their detection rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Neurotrophic factor-like effect of FPF1070 on septal cholinergic neurons after transections of fimbria-fornix in the rat brain.

FPF1070 is an aqueous protein-free solution, which consists of 85% free amino acids and 15% small peptides. Our previous study showed a potent neurotrophic factor-like activity in cultured embryonic cells of dorsal root ganglia. The present study investigated whether FPF1070 regenerated the cholinergic cells in the medial septal nucleus after axonal transections by cutting the fimbria-fornix. Fimbrial transection reduced the number of septal cholinergic cells by 30 +/- 3.6%, compared with the number on contralateral sides at 4 weeks. Intraperitoneal injections of FPF1070 caused 49.9 +/- 6.3% of the cholinergic neurons to survive. Furthermore, the cell sizes of the cholinergic neurons were significantly different: 16.4 +/- 4.2 microns, 14.3 +/- 3.8 microns in FPF1070 treatment and vehicle treatment, respectively. These results indicated that FPF1070 prevents the degeneration and atrophy of impaired cholinergic neurons by systemic administration.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Gangliocytic paraganglioma of the papilla of Vater with regional lymph node metastasis.

We report a case of duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) in a 47-yr-old man. The GP arose in the second portion of the duodenum and was shown by histological examination to consist of epithelioid cells, spindle cells, and ganglion-like cells. Although most of the reported cases of GP have been regarded as benign, in the present case we found that a lymph node in the peripancreatic region contained a metastatic tumor. This is believed to be the third documented case of GP showing regional lymph node metastasis. The metastatic tumor consisted of only epithelioid cells, without spindle cells or ganglion-like cells, supporting the hypothesis that only epithelioid cells have malignant potential.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1992

[Computerized monitoring system in the operating center with UNIX and X-window].

We previously reported the fully automated data logging system in the operating center. Presently, we revised the system using a highly integrated operating system, UNIX instead of OS/9. With this multi-task and multi-window (X-window) system, we could monitor all 12 rooms in the operating center at a time. The system in the operating center consists of 2 computers, SONY NEWS1450 (UNIX workstation) and Sord M223 (CP/M, data logger). On the bitmapped display of the workstation, using X-window, the data of all the operating rooms can be visualized. Furthermore, 2 other minicomputers (Fujitsu A50 in the conference room, and A60 in the ICU) and a workstation (Sun3-80 in the ICU) were connected with ethernet. With the remote login function (NFS), we could easily obtain the data during the operation from outside the operating center. This system works automatically and needs no routine maintenance.

Operating Room Information Systems↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical significance of gallium-67 scintigraphy in assessing pulmonary lesions of sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

To evaluate whether one can predict the course and prognosis of interstitial lung diseases from lung gallium-67 (67Ga) uptake, we studied 31 subjects with sarcoidosis and 28 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) retrospectively. We quantified the lung 67Ga uptake using posterior scans by Line's method, and calculated a visual index (VI). The normal range of 67Ga uptake was defined as less than 65 VI values, obtained from the 95 percent confidence interval of the control subjects. All subjects with stage I sarcoidosis, having only bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) on chest X-ray, revealed normal lung 67Ga uptake. Fifty percent of patients with stage II sarcoidosis, with both BHL and pulmonary involvement on chest X-ray, showed increased lung 67Ga uptake. The patients with increased lung 67Ga uptake showed decreased percent vital capacity and increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference, but none of them showed clinical deterioration during the follow-up period of more than 6 months. Fifty-four percent of subjects with IPF showed increased lung 67Ga uptake. But there was no difference between the subgroups with normal and increased lung 67Ga uptake with respect to the severity of dyspnea, percent vital capacity, arterial oxygen tension, or alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. There was also no difference between the two subgroups of IPF in the cumulative percent survival after either the onset of symptoms or the 67Ga scintigram. We conclude that lung 67Ga uptake was not able to predict the clinical course or the prognosis of patients with sarcoidosis and IPF.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinical effect of sizofiran combined with irradiation in cervical cancer patients: a randomized controlled study. Cooperative Study Group on SPG for Gynecological Cancer.

To evaluate the clinical effect of a biological response modifier (BRM), sizofiran (SPG), combined with irradiation, a randomized controlled study was performed in patients with stage II or III cervical cancer involving the collaboration of 52 institutes throughout Japan. Patients were randomly allocated to the control group (radiotherapy only) and the SPG group (radiotherapy + SPG). SPG was given intramuscularly, 40 mg once and 20 mg twice, a week concomitantly with radiotherapy. A total 315 patients were enrolled for the study but 23 were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 292 patients, 121 were of stage II (43 controls and 78 SPG) and 171 of stage III (49 controls and 122 SPG). The results were as follows. (1) The complete response (CR) rate among stage II patients was higher in the SPG group (91.0%) than in the control group (79.1%); also the CR rate among stage III patients was significantly higher in the SPG group (77.9%) than in the control group (61.2%). (2) The SPG group showed a significantly rapid recovery from the decreased lymphocyte counts due to radiotherapy (P less than 0.05). (3) Side effects, probably associated with SPG administration, were observed in 11 cases (5.2%).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Reassessment of radionuclide-venography for deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities and pelvic cavity using 99mTc-MAA].

We performed radioisotope (RI)-venography in 31 patients suspected of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and 18 patients of them (58.1%) had abnormal findings. Out of the 18 patients, 14 satisfied the diagnostic criteria for DVT, that were interruption in the venous flow with the presence of collateral circulation. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of RI-venography for DVT were 100%, 76%, 87%, respectively. In all of the patients with chief complaints of edema and pain in the unilateral extremity DVT was found by RI-venography. Lung scan revealed multiple pulmonary perfusion defects in 4 (33.3%) of 12 patients with DVT. Out of the 4 patients, 3 (75%) had silent pulmonary thromboembolism. 99mTc-MAA accumulation was seen in the left lobe of the liver in a patient with occlusion of the IVC and common iliac veins. We are convinced that patients with PTE and/or edema and pain in the unilateral lower extremity should undergo routine RI-venography. In conclusion, RI-venography using 99mTc-MAA was reassessed and we obtained the result that it is useful for screening and monitoring DVT and pulmonary thromboembolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Multiple myeloma in a patient in remission from malignant lymphoma].

A 71-year-old man was admitted because of right cervical lymph node swelling in February 1986. Lymph node biopsy revealed that he suffered from diffuse, large cell malignant lymphoma. Immunological staining showed lymphoma characterized by B cell markers, IgG, kappa type. Bone marrow aspiration, revealed no evidence of lymphoma and 0.2% plasma cells. The clinical stage was IIA. The patient was treated with the CHOP regimen (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone), which achieved complete remission. In October 1988, he was re-admitted because of a subcutaneous abscess, and biopsy of the inguinal lymph node showed reactive lymphadenitis. Although he improved with antibiotic therapy, laboratory date on admission showed monoclonal gammopathy. Serum immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated a monoclonal bow of IgA kappa type, and bone marrow aspiration revealed hypercellularity with an increased number of plasma cells (76.8%). The patient was diagnosed as having multiple myeloma, and combination chemotherapy was begun. He now attends the out-patient department at our hospital. The development of multiple myeloma has not been reported previously during a course of malignant lymphoma. Although the association of these two B cell neoplasias was unknown, in this case both showed the characteristic of kappa type light chains. This case may provide information concerning tumor cell origin.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Abnormal distribution of cathepsins in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded hippocampal sections of brains with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease were studied immunohistochemically with antisera against cathepsin D and cathepsin B. In addition to the staining of neuronal perikarya, some of the senile plaques visualized by Bielshowsky silver staining and some of reactive astrocytes were positively stained with the antisera against cathepsin D and cathepsin B in brains with Alzheimer's disease. Abnormal localization of cathepsin D and cathepsin B immunoreactivity in neuronal perikarya was observed in brains with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. These findings demonstrate that the distribution of lysosomal proteases was altered in brains with Alzheimer's disease, suggesting the primary and/or secondary involvement of the lysosomal proteases in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1991

Effect on cochlear potentials of lateral semicircular canal destruction.

Recording of the cochlear potentials was successfully performed during experimental labyrinthectomy in the guinea pig and in three patients with acoustic neuromas during translabyrinthine removal of the tumors. In the guinea pig, complete interruption of the duct of the lateral semicircular canal including the endolymphatic canal caused little change in the endocochlear DC potential of the first cochlear turn and input-output function curve of the N1 component of the compound action potential elicited by 8-kHz tone bursts. Further drilling of the vestibular labyrinth in the guinea pig caused decline of these potentials when the vestibular was opened. In patients with acoustic neuromas, the interruption of the duct of the lateral semicircular canal hardly altered the N1 input-output function curve and N1 input-latency function curve during the 1-hour observation period. Consistent preservation of cochlear function even after interruption of lateral semicircular canals suggests the possibility of partial surgical labryrinthectomy with preservation of hearing for lesions involving semicircular canals.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

Human hepatocyte growth factor in blood of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Basic aspects.

Human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) was purified from the plasma of six patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to hepatitis B in two and non-A, non-B hepatitis in four. The purified hHGF from each patient contained two major protein bands having molecular weights of 79,000 and 86,000 and several minor bands having molecular weights between 76,000 and 92,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed under nonreduced conditions. After reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol, three major bands having molecular weights of 58,000, 34,500, and 31,500 were evident. In addition, a band having a molecular weight of 21,000 was detected. hHGF activity was destroyed by its reduction. The hHGF purified from patients demonstrated a dose response in terms of an increase in DNA synthesis using cultured hepatocytes. The hHGF concentration in the plasma of the patients with grade III-IV hepatic coma was calculated to be in the range of 1.8-3.0 nM. Finally the heavy chain of hHGF was not recognized by an anti-human albumin antibody, indicating that hHGF is not biliprotein, an albumin-bilirubin complex, that has been reported to be a putative liver growth factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Search for immunobiological parameters predictive of clinical effects of OK-432 in patients with malignant ascites.

Although OK-432, a potent BRM, has been known to induce the remarkable improvement of clinical conditions in cancer patients through its strong effects on their immune capabilities, no specific immune parameters have been identified to best predict the clinical outcome after the OK-432 treatment. In an attempt to identify early parameters indicative of the clinical effects, we have administered 0.1 mg of OK-432 intraperitoneally to a total of 12 patients with malignant ascites and examined peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood obtained on 4 days before, 1, 3, and 7 days after the OK-432 injection using various immunobiological assays. Four weeks later, clinical improvements were evaluated by the disappearance of malignant cells from and/or substantial decrease in ascites. Four patients (responders) showed the improvements while 8 patients (nonresponders) showed no clinical evidence for improvement. In a few parameters among the many examined, significantly different patterns of changes were noted between responders and nonresponders. Thus, in nonresponder patients MO and T cell population returned to an initial low level after early increases (on days 1 and/or 3), while they remained increased day 1 through 7 in responders. In responder patients, the cytotoxicity of peritoneal mononuclear cells against K562 and Daudi cells were augmented on day 7, but not in nonresponder patients. The in vitro stimulation of the mononuclear cells with OK-432 enhanced the cytotoxic activity and induced the interferon (IFN) production in the responders but not in nonresponders. These parameters will be useful for the early prediction of the expected clinical effects of OK-432.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacological profile of a potential anxiolytic: AP159, a new benzothieno-pyridine derivative.

AP159 [N-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thieno(2,3c)pyridine]-3- carboamide,hydrochloride) showed clear anti-conflict activity in rats in the absence of effects on muscle relaxation, potentiation of anesthesia (in mice) or anticonvulsant activity (in mice). This anti-conflict effect was antagonized by treatment with Ro15-1788. By contrast with the deficits produced by diazepam, AP159 did not impair passive avoidance. The latter drug also improved scopolamine-induced amnesia in the same task. AP159 did not inhibit 3H-flunitrazepam binding, but potently inhibited 3H-8OH-DPAT binding. This compound increased serotonin and 5HIAA content of the midbrain raphe nuclei and of the amygdala centralis. AP159 has been shown to be a novel non-BZP anxiolytic agent with no side effects in laboratory animals; it could be a clinically effective anxiolytic agent.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

Early gastric cancer arising from localized Ménétrier's disease.

A case of early gastric cancer arising from Ménétrier's disease in the stomach is described. The patient was a 53-year-old man, who suffered from epigastralgia. Radiological and endoscopic examination demonstrated giant mucosal folds along the greater curvature of the stomach. On the distal margin, signet-ring cell carcinoma was demonstrated by biopsy. The coexistence of Ménétrier's disease and early gastric cancer has rarely been reported. Cases reported in the literature were reviewed and the increased malignant potential of Ménétrier's disease was discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and adult onset Hallervorden-Spatz disease: a case of akinesia as a predominant feature of parkinsonism.

Few parkinsonian patients present with 'pure akinesia' or with severe akinesia accompanied by only mild rigidity, tremor and other manifestations such as ophthalmoplegia. Pathological examinations of such cases have rarely been conducted and have revealed findings compatible with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy (PNLA) or Parkinson's disease. We report a parkinsonian patient whose main clinical feature was akinesia. A postmortem study of this patient showed findings corresponding to PNLA and PSP. Histochemical properties of the pallidal pigment granules were equivalent to those of Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) and striatonigral degeneration. In addition to iron-positive pigment granules, spheroids, severe neuronal loss and gliosis in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, formation of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) in the brainstem shares characteristics with PSP, adult onset HSD and PNLA. We suggest that the underlying pathology of 'pure' akinesia is most often situated in the globus pallidus substantia nigra and subthalamus (Luys), and that PSP, PNLA and adult onset HSD may constitute a spectrum of one disease.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1991

Extensive proliferation of peripheral type myelin in necrotic spinal cord lesions of multiple sclerosis.

Peripheral type "remyelination" in the spinal cord was investigated in a 34-year-old woman with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) over 7 years following her initial presentation with myelopathy. Confined to the large necrotizing cord lesions involving the gray matter, there was prominent proliferation of peripheral type myelin, measuring up to one-third of the cross-sectional field of the cord. These nerve bundles with peripheral type myelin, which was devoid of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity, consisted of relatively monotonous, small-caliber nerve fibers arranged in parallel along the long axis of the cord. The ratio of the myelin thickness to axonal diameter was not as small as that of the ordinary remyelination. Co-existing abundant neuroma formation indicated exuberant regenerative activity of the peripheral nerves. These findings suggest that the peripheral nerve fibers with their axons originating from nerve roots may enter the necrotic MS cord lesions in such a way as to manifest in spinal cord trauma. Relatively frequent occurrence of this extensive proliferation of peripheral type myelin in Japanese MS subjects appears to be related to the severity of tissue destruction experienced in Japanese as compared with that of occidental MS.

Adult↗