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S Hardin

Publications and source records attributed to S Hardin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Clinical inquiry.

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Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2000

Effects of psychological distress on blood pressure in adolescents.

This cross-sectional survey measured relationships among blood pressure and measures of psychologic distress, family structure, and economic status in a sample of adolescents exposed to Hurricane Hugo. Spielberger's Anger Scale and Derogatis' Brief Symptom Inventory were used. Data analysis revealed 5% of the 1079 adolescents were hypertensive. Multiple regression analyses revealed the following predictors of higher diastolic blood pressure: African-American race, recipient of subsidized lunch, exposure to Hurricane Hugo, and higher anger-in scores in males. The effects of a catastrophic event such as a hurricane on blood pressure and the effects of introjected anger have implications for both health care consumers and providers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

A polyadenylylation-specific RNA-contact site on the surface of the bifunctional vaccinia virus RNA modifying protein VP39 that is distinct from the mRNA 5' end-binding "cleft".

VP39 is a bifunctional mRNA-modifying protein that acts as both an mRNA cap-specific 2'-O-methyltransferase and a processivity factor for VP55, the vaccinia poly(A) polymerase catalytic subunit. Although regions of the protein surface required for methyltransferase function are well defined, it has been unclear whether the protein polyadenylylation function requires direct RNA contact and, if so, where the contact site(s) might be located on the protein surface. Here, we show that the VP55-VP39 heterodimer forms a stable complex with a 50mer oligonucleotide bearing a U2-N25-U motif, as opposed to the U2-N15-U motif that is optimal for stable complex formation with VP55 alone. An oligonucleotide bearing a U2-N25-U motif in which the downstream U residue is replaced with 4thioU can be efficiently photocrosslinked to VP39, but only in the context of the VP55-VP39 heterodimer. By partial proteolysis of end-labeled VP39, the site of oligonucleotide photocrosslinking was localized to the region of VP39 between residues Lys90 and Arg122. Peptide microsequencing and confirmatory mutagenesis identified the side-chain of Arg107 as the photocrosslinking site. Substitution of this residue with lysine abolished photocrosslinking entirely, consistent with the established RNA binding role of arginine in other RNA-binding proteins. This study provides clear evidence for a polyadenylylation-specific RNA-contact site on the surface of VP39, which is distinct from the RNA-binding methyltransferase "cleft" characterized in recent crystallographic and biochemical studies.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Advanced practice nursing: playing a vital role.

To clarify the education preparation of advanced practice nurses, a survey of all 50 states was performed. Results show a high degree of variability from state to state in tracking advanced practice nurses. Standardizing the educational preparation for the nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse midwife and the certified registered nurse anesthetist will clarify advanced practice nursing.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1995

Malaria and filariasis transmission in a village/forest setting in Baram District, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Entomological investigations on malaria and bancroftian filariasis transmission were carried out in the endemic area of Baram District, Sarawak. The Anopheles composition, survival and infection rates of malaria and filariasis were compared in the village and 0.5 km from the village ecotype, in forested areas. Anopheles leucosphyrus, An. barbirostris and An. donaldi are the vectors for malaria and bancroftian filariasis in both ecotypes. Biting and infection rates vary, but An. leucosphyrus differed with a peak around midnight in the forested area and soon after dusk in the village setting. The parous rate of An. leucosphyrus was significantly higher in the forest ecotype (P < 0.0001); however, the proportion of 3-parous and older was not overall higher in the forest ecotype (P = 0.68). The entomological inoculation of malaria parasites by An. leucosphyrus was comparatively higher in the forested areas (P > 0.5). The implications of malaria and filariasis transmission in the forested areas in Baram District are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain and transcriptional elongation.

The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II is essential in vivo, and is found in either an unphosphorylated (IIa) or hyperphosphorylated (IIo) form. The Drosophila uninduced hsp70 and hsp26 genes, and the constitutively expressed beta-1 tubulin and Gapdh-2 genes, contain an RNA polymerase II complex which pauses after synthesizing a short transcript. We report here that, using an in vivo ultraviolet crosslinking technique and antibodies directed against the IIa and IIo forms of the CTD, these paused polymerases have an unphosphorylated CTD. For genes containing a 5' paused polymerase, passage of the paused RNA polymerase into an elongationally competent mode in vivo coincides with phosphorylation of the CTD. Also, the level of phosphorylation of the CTD of elongating polymerases is shown not to be related to the level of transcription, but is promoter specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Latrine use in rural Sarawak, Malaysia.

A cross-sectional survey covering 976 households in 41 rural villages covered by the Rural Health Improvement Scheme in Sarawak was carried out to determine the type of latrines they have and their usage of pourflush latrines. The survey was carried out by inspection and interview. Fifty-six percent of the households had pourflush latrines and upon inspection 91.3% of them showed signs of recent use. Based on the interview, ninety percent of the women responded that they always use the latrine for defecation. It was also reported that 86.5% of the husbands and 47.6% of the children below five years, always used the latrine for defecation. The most common reason for not using the latrine among adults was the lack of water to flush the latrines as well as not being home when the need arises. The reason for using the latrines were to keep the compound clean, convenience and health reasons. It is recommended that building latrines continue to be a prerequisite for getting water supply under the program and that non health-related reasons be emphasized in health education which aim to motivate people to build and use the latrines.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Osteoporosis in spinal cord injury: using an index of mobility and its relationship to bone density.

This study was undertaken to improve quantification of the extent of osteoporosis that accompanies spinal cord injuries (SCI) of various types, using single photon densitometry. In this study, we evaluated subjects with complete and incomplete SCI to determine whether there is a correlation between mobility and bone density. We created an index to rank the various levels of mobility among SCI subjects. Mobility index parameters ranged from 1, for complete immobility, to 9, for the full mobility of the uninjured control population. Incomplete SCI subjects (motor and/or sensory) ranked from 2 to 8 on the mobility scale. We also attempted to define clearly the mechanism of osteoporosis in those with predominantly unilateral SCI (Brown-Sequard syndrome). Using single photon absorptiometry (SPA), we found a strong correlation between our mobility index and observed bone density. These observations clearly show that osteoporosis is affected by the subject's level of physical activity. These observations also support the hypothesis that SCI individuals benefit from efforts to maintain a standing posture with some regularity. This effort to improve bone density slows the development of osteoporosis, a process that results in physical impairments in the SCI population.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Functioning and utilization of rural water supplies in Sarawak, Malaysia.

A cross-sectional survey of 976 households in 41 villages covered by the Rural Health Improvement Scheme in Sarawak was carried out to determine the state of functioning and utilization of rural water supplies. The survey was carried out by inspection and interview. About one-third of the systems were functioning well, one-third imperfectly, and the remainder were no longer functioning. The coverage of households by water supply varied with the type of water supply, the overall coverage being 81.3%. Usage varied with the type of water supply and access, the overall figure being 87.1%, and the overall utilization was 70.8%. The study showed that it is important to account for water supply usage in impact evaluation because not all households have access and not all those with access use the water supply. It is also important to define water use, depending on whether the health outcome is a reduction in diseases that are water-borne or related to washing with water, because the percentage of households using the water for drinking is different from those using it for bathing.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1991

Occupational health in sawmills of Sarawak.

A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among sawmill managers in Sarawak to explore certain health and safety aspects of workers in this industry. The survey reveals that many sawmills are lacking in the provision of occupational health facilities and activities for their employees.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Child-minding and nutritional status of children 6-12 months old in Sarawak.

A case-control study was carried out to determine the child-minding practices and their relationships with nutritional status of children between 6 and 12 months old. Sixty-five percent of the mothers go to the farm and 25 percent of, them bring their children with them. Only 42.8 percent of the children were looked after by their mothers. The odds of being malnourished were greater among children who were not looked after by their mothers. It is suggested that nutrition education be given in the village so that the other child-minders can benefit from it.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Nutritional status of children in rural Sarawak, Malaysia.

The nutritional status of 641 children between the ages of 0 to 4 years old, from 835 households in 41 randomly selected rural villages with water supply in Sarawak were determined. Based on Waterlow's classification and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standards, 61% of the children were stunted and 44.1% were wasted. Based on Gomez's classification and the NCHS standards 81.9% of the children were malnourished. There was no sex difference in nutritional status. The percentage of malnourished children increased continuously with age while the percentage of children who were wasted increased from 6 to 36 months and then it leveled off. The percentage of stunted children also increased with age but the increase was sharpest in children who were 12 to 23 months old. It is noted that the Gomez classification overestimates the prevalence of undernutrition.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

A caring community.

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Community Health Nursing↗