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Biomedical subjects

S Harasawa

Publications and source records attributed to S Harasawa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Changes in gastric acid secretion and fasting gastrin levels during healing of duodenal ulcers.

Changes in gastric acid secretion and fasting gastrin levels (FGL) during the healing of duodenal ulcers were investigated. Duodenal ulcers were classified into three stages, with regard to healing, active, healing, and healed (scar). As controls, 49 individuals without gastro-duodenal lesions were used. We found that gastric acid secretion was highest during the active stage, thereafter decreasing during the healing and healed stages. Gastric acid secretion was lowest in the normal subjects, and significant differences were found between the 3 stages of the duodenal ulcers. FGL was also highest in the active stage, thereafter decreasing during the healing and healed stages. In the follow-up of 10 doudenal ulcer patients, gastric acid secretion and FGL were higher in the active than in the healed stage. It was concluded that gastric acid secretion and FGL change during the healing of duodenal ulcers. The increase of gastric acid secretion and FGL seen in the active stage appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Anaphylactoid purpura with intestinal perforation: report of a case and review of the Japanese literature.

A 78 year old man suffering from anaphylactoid purpura complained of abdominal pain and bloody stools. Combined therapy with Prednisolone and cyclophosphamide had been given against nephrotic syndrome caused by purpura nephritis. Severe abdominal pain with symptoms and signs of pan-peritonitis necessitated laparotomy. Rectosigmoid perforation due to necrotizing angiitis (phlebitis) was also demonstrated histologically. The patient died of septicemia 18 days after surgery. Perforation of the alimentary tract rarely occurs in anaphylactoid purpura. Twenty similar cases were briefly reviewed from the Japanese literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Histologic type and gastric acid secretion in gastric cancer.

We investigated gastric acid secretion in 638 gastric cancer patients with respect to the association between aging and histologic types. In intestinal type tumors in which invasion is restricted to the mucosa, and in diffuse type tumors where the tumor invaded the serosa there was a significantly negative correlation between acid secretion and age. However, no relationship was found between gastric acid output and age in signet ring cell carcinoma. On the other hand, a significantly negative correlation between acid secretion and age was shown in male patients with well differentiated type and in females with signet ring cell carcinoma. In conclusion, low acid secretion related to aging may play an important role in developing cancer cells in intestinal type tumors especially in the male elderly, and in diffuse type tumors in the female elderly, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Characteristics of vacuolating toxin produced by Helicobacter pylori.

OBJECTIVE: We sought a good indicator cell line to use in detecting the vacuolating toxin produced by Helicobacter pylori and in examining the characteristics of the toxin. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using five cell lines [baby hamster kidney (BHK-21), human amnion (FL), human uterine cancer (HeLa), rabbit kidney (RK-13) and African green monkey kidney (Vero)], cytotoxicity assays were performed with 33 H. pylori strains. To analyse the proteins produced by toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains, immunoblotting was done with the sera of patients with gastroduodenal diseases. RESULTS: When RK-13, FL, Vero, BHK-21 and HeLa cells were used for the assay, 73, 61, 27, 27 and 21% of strains, respectively, were toxigenic. The vacuolating toxin is sensitive to heat at 70 degrees C. By immunoblot analysis, under non-denaturing conditions, immune sera recognized proteins with molecular weights of 600,000 and 500,000 in the toxigenic but not in the non-toxigenic strains. CONCLUSION: H. pylori produces vacuolating toxin, which is a heat-sensitive protein at 70 degrees C and is easily detectable by cytotoxicity assay using the RK-13 cell line. Toxigenic H. pylori strains produce various proteins, including this toxin, which are recognized by sera from patients with gastroduodenal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Inhibitory mechanism of experimental stress ulcer in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from the view point of mucosal blood flow].

Stress ulcer formation is reportedly much less frequent in SHR than in normotensive control rats (Wistar Kyoto Rat: WKY). The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of maintenance of gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) during imposed stress in SHR. In stressed-only SHR, GMBF did not significantly change during water immersion and restraint conditions and ulcer index (UI) was significantly lower than that of WKY. Stress conditions led to a fall in blood pressure and a gradual fall in heart rate in WKY and SHR. It was assumed that the changes in blood pressure and heart rate during stress were due to vagal hyperfunction. The catecholamine level in the fundic gland of the gastric tissue was higher in the non-stressed SHR than in the non-stressed WKY. The administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to SHR produced a significant reduction in GMBF during stress conditions and UI was significantly higher in this group than in the stressed-only SHR. In SHR treated with nifedipine, UI was lower than that of the control group and GMBF showed no significant change compared with the stressed-only SHR. However, the administration of verapamil produced a significant reduction in GMBF during stress conditions and increased UI. The norepinephrine and dopamine levels of the groups treated with verapamil were significantly lower than those in the groups treated with nifedipine. These results suggest that local regulation of gastric mucosa mediated by sympathetic hyperfunction in SHR is more important for the maintenance of GMBF during stress conditions than changes in peripheral artery resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection].

To evaluate diagnostic tests of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), we compared polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the specific detection of H. pylori, culture and positivity of serum antibody against the bacteria in 59 patients with gastroduodenal disease. PCR assay was designed to amplify 203bp of DNA fragments. PCR detected 10pg of H. pylori DNA, or 40 CFU of the bacteria. PCR was positive in 82.1% of histological gastritis with neutrophil infiltration. Culture and serum antibody to H. pylori were positive in 65.0%, and 94.1% of those patients. Detection rate by PCR was significantly higher than that by the culture methods in patients with chronic gastritis. These results demonstrate that PCR is a sensitive diagnostic test for H. pylori infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of rapid urease test for detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy specimens.

Using 80 gastric biopsy specimens from patients with various gastroduodenal diseases, the isolation rate of H. pylori and urease activity of the biopsy specimens were examined. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid urease test was 84.6% and 75.9%, respectively, for the cultivation of H. pylori. The mean number of H. pylori detected in urease-positive and negative biopsy specimens was 10(6.1 +/- 0.9) and 10(4.5 +/- 1.2) cfu/g specimens, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Dyspepsia and dyspepsia subgroups in Japan: symptom profiles and experience with cisapride.

In 240 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia, recruited consecutively and investigated in 12 hospitals in Japan, 24.2% were diagnosed having organic dyspepsia; 75.8% had functional dyspepsia, of whom 63.2% were diagnosed by the investigator having dysmotility-like, 13.7% ulcer-like, 11.5% reflux-like, and 11.5% non-specific dyspepsia. There was, however, considerable overlap of symptom profiles. Cisapride therapy initiated in functional dyspeptic patients resulted in moderate or marked improvement in 79.1% of the patients with the highest response rates for dysmotility-like (85.2%), reflux-like (81.0%), and non-specific dyspepsia (76.1%) (versus 52.0% for ulcer-like dyspepsia).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of the gastrokinetic agent mosapride citrate after single and multiple oral administrations in healthy subjects.

The pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of mosapride citrate ((+-)-4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[4- (4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl]methyl]benzamide citrate dihydrate, AS-4370, CAS 112885-42-4) were investigated in healthy male volunteers. The subjects were given a single oral dose (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg, each of 5 subjects) and a multiple oral dose (20 mg t.i.d. for one day, and 10 and 20 mg t.i.d. for 8 days, each of 5 subjects). Food effect on the pharmacokinetics of mosapride was also evaluated after a single oral 10 mg dose by an open, two-way crossover method. Mean plasma levels of mosapride reached a peak 0.5-1 h after single dosing of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg. The peaks were dose-related with values of 25.1, 51.2, 157.8 and 280.6 ng/ml, respectively, and were followed by a first-order decrease with apparent half-lives of 1.4-2.0 h. The Cmax and AUC increased in proportion to the dose, indicating linear pharmacokinetics of mosapride up to 40 mg. The Cmax of M-1, a des-4-fluorobenzyl metabolite, was 1/6 of that of the unchanged drug. Urinary excretion of the unchanged mosapride and M-1 during 48 h after single dosing accounted for 0.1-0.4% and 7.0-11.0% of the dose, respectively. There were no significant changes in the plasma concentration-time profiles and urinary excretions between single and multiple doses, indicating that the pharmacokinetics of mosapride in man was not altered by its multiple administration. Plasma levels of mosapride reached steady state on day 2 of multiple administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Investigation of gastric function and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in non-ulcer dyspepsia].

One hundred and fourty four patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), as defined by the working party of AGA in 1987, (67 men and 77 women, 16-76 years, mean age 42.9 +/- 1.2 years) and 34 asymptomatic controls (25 men and 9 women, 17-75 years, mean age 50.6 +/- 2.4 years) parameters of gastrophysiological function (gastric acid secretion, postprandial gastric emptying-acetaminophen method, serum gastrin levels and cutaneous electrogastrography (EGG)) and the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) (histological and urease test of biopsy specimens) were investigated. Based on symptom patterns, there were 68 patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia, 27 with ulcer-like dyspepsia, 17 with reflux-like dyspepsia, 6 with aerophagia and the 26 with nonspecific or idiopathic dyspepsia. The age distribution of NUD was predominant in the fourth decade, and the sex distribution was not significantly different. In general, hypersecretion of gastric acid and hypergastrinemia were rare in NUD patients. There was no significant difference in gastric acid secretion, basal and food stimulated serum gastrin levels and prevalence of Hp between the two groups. But 51 of 144 NUD patients (41.1%) had delayed gastric emptying (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Indeed gastric emptying was markedly prolonged in patients with dysmotility-like (58.1%) and reflux-like (42.9%) dyspepsia. On EGG, about a half of NUD patients showed evidence of bradygastria or tachygastria, in particular in the postprandial state, which was related to delayed gastric emptying. By chronic administration of cisapride, score of symptoms was significantly decreased and postprandial gastric emptying was significantly accelerated in delayed gastric emptying cases. We conclude that in NUD patients, in particular those with dysmotility-like dyspepsia, tests of postprandial gastric emptying and/or EGG are useful for investigation of gastric motor disorder and therapeutic effects of several prokinetic drugs clinically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of long-term administration of antisecretary drugs on rat gastric histamine synthesis and acid secretion--compare with omeprazole and cimetidine].

To investigate the effect of 6 weeks administration of proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) and H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine) on gastric histamine synthesis and acid secretion, we studied experimentally in the rat stomach. Then gastric mucosal histamine concentration, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity and serum gastrin concentration, and HDC positive cell number were examined in time-course. The 6 weeks administration of omeprazole caused more increase of HDC positive cells than cimetidine. After cessation of administration with omeprazole, high plasma gastrin level immediately reduced. However the increase of gastric mucosal HDC activity and histamine concentration were prolonged, compared with cimetidine. These findings suggest to affect differently between omeprazole and cimetidine on gastric acid secretion after cessation of long-term treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Abscessed leiomyosarcoma of the ileum.

A-49-year-old man was admitted because of a lower abdominal mass. During the five days prior to admission, he had noted fever and lower abdominal pain. Palpation of the abdomen revealed a tender mass, 10 cm in diameter, in the suprapubic region. An x-ray revealed an irregular collection of gas, 9 cm in diameter, in the pelvic cavity, which appeared as a mirror image when the patient was upright. Based on the physical finding and the results of a barium enema, abdominal CT, MRI, and small intestine imaging, a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the ileum was made. Excision of the tumor and part of the small intestine was performed. A saccular tumor, 11 x 6 x 5 cm, was found 1.0 m from the cecum and growing out of the wall of the ileum. A large amount of pus was found inside the cavity. The pathological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying in diabetic patients without gastrointestinal symptoms.

The long-team effects of cisapride on gastric emptying and hormonal interaction in diabetic patients without gastrointestinal symptoms was evaluated. Gastric emptying was determined by the N-acetyl-p-amino-phenol (APAP) method before and after cisapride treatment. Gastric emptying improved significantly, from 5.95 to 8.04 micrograms/ml, after 6 weeks of treatment. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), after 30 and 45 minutes in the gastric emptying test, increased significantly after treatment. It appeared that improvement of gastric emptying after loading with cisapride might be related to improved insulin secretion in diabetic patients without subjective symptoms of gastroparesis.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1991

Successful transcatheter embolization of pseudoaneurysm associated with pancreatic pseudocyst.

Hemorrhage into a pancreatic pseudocyst is a rare event, but is the most rapidly lethal complication of chronic pancreatitis. Visceral-vessel aneurysms are an unexpectedly common finding in arteriography of patients with chronic pancreatitis. This case report describes bleeding from an anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm, caused by chronic pancreatitis. The aneurysm was successfully treated by embolization with a steel coil.

Aneurysm↗