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Biomedical subjects

S Hansson

Publications and source records attributed to S Hansson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Prenatal karyotyping of choroid plexus cysts.

OBJECTIVES: A retrospective, descriptive study of 50 cases with choroid plexus cysts diagnosed by ultrasonography. METHODS: All case charts were studied and additional information was collected regarding children born outside Uppsala. RESULTS: All 50 cases were offered a test for chromosome aberrations, 46 accepted and were tested by chorion villi sampling or amniocentesis. In ten cases additional malformations were found, including one trisomy 13 and one trisomy 18. No relationship was found between the diameter, bilaterality or the complexity of the cyst. CONCLUSIONS: Fetus with choroid plexus cysts should be examined carefully by ultrasonography. Since the complication risk of invasive diagnostic procedures is very small these patients may be offered a test for chromosomal aberrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Anaphylactoid reactions and nephrotic syndrome--a considerable risk during factor IX treatment in patients with haemophilia B and inhibitors: a report on the outcome in two brothers.

Anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reactions have recently been reported after few treatments with factor IX concentrates in patients with haemophilia B at the same time as inhibitors to factor IX were demonstrated. In some of these cases nephrotic syndrome has appeared during immune tolerance induction (ITI) with high doses of factor IX concentrates. Gene deletions seem to be associated with a high risk of developing antibodies to factor IX. This report presents two brothers with deletion of 1 bp in exon f of the factor IX gene. Both showed anaphylactoid reactions and they were desensitized using slow i.v. injections of factor IX. At the time of anaphylaxis, inhibitors of factor IX in a low titre could be demonstrated. The elder brother responded well after a short time on ITI and has no spontaneous bleedings on regular prophylaxis although in a somewhat higher dose than expected. On the other hand, in spite of comparable regimens, the younger brother has so far been resistant to ITI. Moreover, during treatment with extremely high doses of factor IX concentrate he developed nephrotic syndrome which only slowly subsided after treatment with corticosteroids and withdrawal of factor IX.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1998

Dopamine produced by the stomach may act as a paracrine/autocrine hormone in the rat.

Dopamine (DA) has been suggested to be a protective factor in the gastrointestinal tract but neither a source of DA nor its exact targets of action have been identified. In this study, we demonstrate high levels of DA (and DOPA) which persist after chemical sympathectomy in the gastric juice of rats. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization histochemistry reveal the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA transporter and vesicular monamine transporters in the acid-producing parietal cells. Like DA, TH enzyme activity remains after chemical sympathectomy. We also demonstrate active reuptake and storage of DA that indicates a regulated release of this neurohormone from parietal cells. DA D1b receptor mRNA is the most abundant DA receptor subtype in gastric and duodenal epithelium. Therefore, we suggest that selective DA D1b receptor agonists may be useful adjuncts in the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers. Gastric epithelia possess the hallmarks of functional DA neuroendocrine cells, suggesting that DA has an important role in self-protective mechanisms of the gastrointestinal tract. These findings should allow elucidation of DA role in normal and disease states in the stomach and duodenum.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Urodynamic pattern in infants with urinary tract infection.

PURPOSE: We studied the urodynamic pattern in infants with urinary tract infection and evaluated the influence of the infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cystometry was combined with voiding cystourethrography (video cystometry) in 90 male and 68 female infants admitted to the hospital with first time urinary tract infection. Evaluation was performed 1 to 30 days (mean 11) and 32 to 78 days (mean 46) after diagnosis in 93 and 65 infants, respectively. RESULTS: Bladder instability was found in two-thirds of male and female infants. Compared to older children male infants had high voiding detrusor pressure and low bladder capacity (hypercontractility). Female infants also had increased voiding pressure levels but they were significantly lower than those in male infants. The voiding detrusor pressure was even higher in both sexes when evaluation was delayed after the infection. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with urinary tract infection have bladder instability and hypercontractility compared to older children. Bladder hypercontractility was less pronounced early after infection, suggesting that the infectious agents inhibit detrusor muscle contractility. Whether hypercontractility is a normal urodynamic pattern in infancy or represents bladder dysfunction can only be addressed by urodynamic studies of healthy infants.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiology of chronic renal failure in children: a report from Sweden 1986-1994. Swedish Pediatric Nephrology Association.

In a national survey, chronic renal failure (CRF) in Swedish children was studied during the period 1986-1994; 118 children (72 boys, 46 girls) with CRF, defined as a glomerular filtration rate below 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 body surface area, were identified. The median annual incidence of CRF was 7.7 and that of terminal renal failure (TRF) 6.4 per million children. The prevalence of preterminal renal failure decreased from 29 to 21 per million children over the study period, while the prevalence of TRF increased from 17.8 in 1986 to 38 per million children in 1994. The increase in TRF prevalence was due to a lower incidence of deaths due to uremia and a slightly increased incidence of TRF compared with an earlier study period, 1978-1985. The results point to a more active treatment of uremia in Sweden now than during the period 1978-1985. The congenital causes of CRF (renal malformations, obstructive conditions, and hereditary disorders) accounted for 67.5% of all cases, which is high compared with data from other countries. No child with non-obstructive pyelonephritis as a cause of CRF was identified. Age at detection of CRF and time from detection of CRF to TRF were studied. As a high proportion of children, 42%, reached 16 years of age without entering TRF, the value of presenting time from CRF to TRF for the remaining individuals is questionable. There were only minor differences in primary renal disease, age at presentation, and time from CRF to TRF when the study results were compared with those from 1978-1985.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The natural history of bacteriuria in childhood.

Urinary tract infections are common during infancy and childhood but are easily overlooked because of the unspecific symptoms. Prevention of renal scarring and its potential long-term consequences is possible but requires an increased awareness of the diagnosis, the imaging revealing anomalies within the urinary tract, and the long-term supervision. This should include any possibility of the child having pyelonephritic recurrences, which should be treated without delay; however, asymptomatic bacteriuria in infants and children is an innocent condition and screening is not recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A novel nonneuronal catecholaminergic system: exocrine pancreas synthesizes and releases dopamine.

Cells of the exocrine pancreas produce digestive enzymes potentially harmful to the intestinal mucosa. Dopamine has been reported to protect against mucosal injury. In looking for the source of dopamine in the small intestine, we found that the duodenal juice contains high levels of dopamine and that the pancreas itself has a high dopamine [and dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa)] content that does not change significantly after chemical sympathectomy. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in control pancreas as well as in pancreas from rats after chemical sympathectomy. Immunostaining and in situ hybridization histochemistry confirmed both the presence of TH, dopamine, and the dopamine transporter, and the mRNAs encoding TH and dopamine transporter, and the presence of both types of vesicular monoamine transporters in the exocrine cells of the pancreas. Since there are no catecholaminergic enteric ganglia in the pancreas, the above results indicate that pancreatic cells have all the characteristics of dopamine-producing cells. We suggest that the pancreas is an important source of nonneuronal dopamine in the body, and that this dopamine has a role in protecting the intestinal mucosa and suggests that dopamine D1b receptor agonists might be used to help mucosal healing in the gastrointestinal tract.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1996

Video cystometric recording of dilating reflux in infancy.

PURPOSE: Bladder hypercontractility has previously been suggested to occur in male infants with gross bilateral reflux, and the causal relationship between hypercontractility and reflux has been questioned. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this video urodynamic study of dilating reflux the association between reflux and bladder pressure was evaluated in 16 infants. RESULTS: In our 11 male patients hypercontractility was noted often, usually with reflux that occurred simultaneously with an increase in detrusor pressure. In the 5 female patients no hypercontractility was noted and reflux occurred without an increase in detrusor pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results further confirm the association between bladder dysfunction and dilating reflux in infants but with different patterns in male and female infants.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Segmental median nerve conduction measurements discriminate carpal tunnel syndrome from diabetic polyneuropathy.

Median nerve conduction has been compared in CTS, with or without diabetes, and diabetic polyneuropathy. Approximately 90% of hands were correctly predicted as CTS or diabetic polyneuropathy by a comparison including the median antidromic sensory nerve conduction velocities in the elbow-to-wrist segment, wrist-to-palm segment, palm-to-finger segment, and the amplitude of the sensory nerve action potential. CTS with diabetes could not be distinguished from CTS without diabetes. The association between proximal and distal nerve conduction velocities was similar in CTS and diabetic polyneuropathy. A study in motor fibers showed that the hands could be classified through a combination of M-wave latency and the more proximal motor nerve conduction velocity measurements. Independent of severity, motor and sensory nerve conduction was influenced to an equal degree in CTS and diabetic polyneuropathy. The hypothesis that both CTS and diabetic polyneuropathy can be associated with neural ischemia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Micturition habits and incontinence at age 17--reinvestigation ofa cohort studied at age 7.

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of micturition disturbances in teenagers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A subsample of 1034 teenagers previously evaluated at age 7 years was reinvestigated 10 years later. A postal questionnaire was used and a response rate of 71% (736) obtained. Those who reported bladder symptoms were contacted by telephone for a detailed history concerning imperative urge, daytime incontinence, emptying difficulties and bedwetting. RESULTS: There was a general decrease in the frequency and intensity of symptoms from 7 to 17 years of age. At age 17 at least one symptom was reported by 5.9% of the girls and 0.9% of the boys. Overall the symptoms were regarded as mild or moderate. CONCLUSION: At age 17 years, micturition disturbances were reported infrequently and few subjects wanted medical help.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Median sensory nerve conduction block during wrist flexion in the carpal tunnel syndrome.

A new method for diagnosing the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is introduced. We have determined the time (T50) necessary to reach a 50% reduction in the amplitude of the median antidromic sensory nerve action potential during wrist flexion. Ten patients with anamnestic and neurophysiological evidence of CTS (group CTS) and 20 patients with CTS suspected on clinical grounds (group CTS?) were compared with 10 normal subjects. During wrist flexion the sensory conduction in the median nerve became partially blocked in all patients, and also in 8 out of 10 controls. The T50 value in 8 out of 10 CTS patients and in 14 out of 20 CTS? patients was below the lowest recorded value in the control group. It was shown that ischemia caused the blocking of the median nerve. Determination of T50 of the median nerve SNAP during wrist flexion has the potential to add to the sensitivity and specificity of the electrophysiological diagnosis of CTS.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An in vivo study of the effect of 5-HT and sympathetic nerves on transferrin and transthyretin mRNA expression in rat choroid plexus and meninges.

Brain expression of transferrin (Tf) and transthyretin (TTR) mRNA has been demonstrated in different species, TTR being found only in the choroid plexus. We report here that both these mRNAs are also expressed in the meninges. In vitro studies have shown that Tf secretion by the rat choroid plexus is stimulated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) while sympathetic nerves regulate different transport functions in the same tissue. We have used various in vivo models to study the neuroendocrine regulation of Tf and TTR mRNA expression in the choroid plexus and meninges. Destruction of the serotonergic nerves in the brain by either raphe nuclei lesion or intraventricular injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), which both decreased brain 5-HT levels significantly, did not affect Tf or TTR mRNA levels in choroid plexus and meninges, but increased TTR mRNA in liver. Intraventricular injection of 10 or 100 pmol 5-HT did not change the expression of these proteins in any of the tissues studied. Removal of the sympathetic innervation to the choroid plexus by cervical sympathectomy did not affect Tf or TTR mRNA levels in choroid plexus and liver, nor the incorporation of radioactive leucine into protein in various parts of the brain. In conclusion, our results do not support a regulatory role in vivo for neuronally derived 5-HT or sympathetic nerve activity on Tf and TTR mRNA expression in rat choroid plexus and meninges.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1994

Reliability of ultrasonography in identification of reflux nephropathy in children.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of ultrasonography to identify reflux nephropathy in children after urinary tract infection. DESIGN: Ten experienced radiologists performed a total of 240 ultrasonographic examinations of kidneys in a one day study. The examiners were unaware of the results of previous radiological and clinical examinations and of the proportions of normal and abnormal kidneys. Urography was used as method of reference, supported by static renal scintigraphy (dimercaptosuccinic acid labelled with technetium-99m) in half of the cases. SETTING: Outpatient radiology department. SUBJECTS: 25 children aged 2-16 years (20 kidneys with and 30 kidneys without renal scarring). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Renal scarring. Overall size and length of kidneys. Sensitivity and specificity including receiver operator characteristics and variation between observers. RESULTS: With renal scarring as the diagnostic criterion and including cases classified as abnormal, probably abnormal, and uncertain the sensitivity of ultrasonography was 54% (specificity 80%). Addition of reduced renal size as a diagnostic criterion increased the sensitivity to 64% (specificity 79%). There were, however, wide variations between observers, with sensitivity ranging between 40% and 90% (specificity 94% to 65%). CONCLUSIONS: Because of its low sensitivity and specificity and poor agreement between observers, ultrasonography cannot be generally recommended for the detection of reflux nephropathy after urinary tract infection in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Does forearm mixed nerve conduction velocity reflect retrograde changes in carpal tunnel syndrome?

The mixed nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve in the forearm diverged from the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and correlated poorly with the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in 61 hands. In contrast, the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities in the forearm correlated well with CTS severity. The mixed nerve conduction velocity in the forearm is probably determined by nonlesioned fibers such as those from the cutaneous palmar branch of the median nerve. The motor and sensory, but not the mixed nerve conduction velocities in the forearm may be used to estimate possible retrograde impairment in CTS.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients exposed to vibration from handheld tools.

During 1985 at Sabbatsberg Hospital in Stockholm, carpal tunnel decompression was done for 50 men (58 hands) with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In 1988 2.5 to 3 years after the operations, a questionnaire about their present health was answered by 43 men (50 hands). In 10/17 (59%) hands exposed to vibrations and 26/33 (79%) not exposed, carpal tunnel decompression had resulted in no recurrence of neurological symptoms at follow up. Preoperative signs of neurophysiological dysfunction of the ulnar nerve, which might indicate a more widespread neuropathy, did not correlate with poor postoperative function of the median nerve. We recommend that patients with carpal tunnel syndrome should be operated on, whether or not they have been exposed to vibration.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Staphylococcus saprophyticus urinary tract infections in children.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus commonly causes urinary tract infection (UTI) in young women; in males it is found mainly in the elderly. In this study S. saprophyticus UTI occurred in 59 children (45 girls and 14 boys) below 16 years of age, of whom 20 were less than 13 years of age. The common presentation was dysuria and flank or back pain whereas fever > or = 38.5 degrees C was rare. Radiological investigation performed in 63% of the children revealed no anomalies of importance. Children with S. saprophyticus UTI appear to constitute a group with a low frequency of urinary tract anomalies and with a low risk of UTI caused by other bacteria.

Adolescent↗