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Biomedical subjects

S Handa

Publications and source records attributed to S Handa.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Microscale analysis of glycosphingolipids by TLC blotting/secondary ion mass spectrometry: a novel blood group A-active glycosphingolipid and changes in glycosphingolipid expression in rat mammary tumour cells with different metastatic potentials.

The glycosphingolipid compositions of rat mammary tumour cell lines with different metastatic potentials for the lung [a parental tumour cell line (MTC) and its subclones MTLn2 (a non metastatic subclone) and MTLn3 (a subclone with high metastatic potential to the lung)] were studied using a newly developed TLC blotting/secondary ion mass spectrometry system and crude glycosphingolipids obtained from 0.5-1 x 10(7) cells of each cell line. GM3 and GM2 were the major components of the MTC cell line, but they were very minor components in the MTLn2 and MTLn3 cell lines, GDla being the major ganglioside HexNAc-fucosyl-GMla was found in the MTLn2 cells by the TLC blotting/SIMS method, and the terminal sugar linkage was shown to be a blood group A-type structure by immunostaining. These findings suggest that the ganglioside is a novel type of blood group A-active ganglioside, GalNAc alpha 1-3(fuc alpha 1 -2)GMla. No blood group A-active lipid was present in MTLn3 cells, whereas Hex-GMla and neutral glycosphingolipids with more than 5 sugar residues were.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1996

Expression and localization of Lewis(x) glycolipids and GD1a ganglioside in human glioma cells.

We analysed the glycolipid composition of glioma cells (N-370 FG cells), which are derived from a culture of transformed human fetal glial cells. The neutral and acidic glycolipid fractions were isolated by column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and analysed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The neutral glycolipid fraction contained 1.6 micrograms of lipid-bound glucose/galactose per mg protein and consisted of GlcCer (11.4% of total neutral glycolipids), GalCer (21.5%), LacCer (21.4%), Gb4 (21.1%), and three unknown neutral glycolipids (23%). These unknown glycolipids were characterized as Lewis(x) (fucosylneolactonorpentaosyl ceramide; Le(x)), difucosylneolactonorhexaosyl ceramide (dimeric Le(x)), and neolactonorhexaosyl ceramide (nLc6) by an HPTLC-overlay method for glycolipids using specific mouse anti-glycolipid antibodies against glycolipid and/or liquid-secondary ion (LSI) mass spectrometry. The ganglioside fraction contained 0.6 micrograms of lipid-bound sialic acid per mg protein with GD1a as the predominant ganglioside species (83% of the total gangliosides) and GM3, GM2, and GM1 as minor components. Trace amounts of sialyl-Le(x) and the complex type of sialyl-Le(x) derivatives were also present. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that GD1a and GalCer were primarily localized on the surface of cell bodies. Interestingly, Le(x) glycolipids and sialyl-Le(x) were localized not only on the cell bodies but also on short cell processes. Especially, sialyl-Le(x) glycolipid was located on the tip of fine cellular processes. The unique localization of the Le(x) glycolipids suggests that they may be involved in cellular differentiation and initiation of cellular growth in this cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Structural characterization of a novel mono-sulfated gangliotriaosylceramide containing a 3-O-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine from rat kidney.

A novel mono-sulfated glycosphingolipid based on the gangliotriaose core structure was isolated from rat kidney. The isolation procedure involved extraction of lipids with chloroform/methanol, mild alkaline methanolysis, column chromatographies with anion exchangers and silica beads. The structure was characterized by compositional analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, methylation analysis, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and negative-ion liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSMIS) using the intact glycolipid and its desulfation product. The two dimensional chemical shift correlated spectroscopy provided information on the sugar sequence as well as anomeric configurations, and indicated the presence of a 3-O-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine within the molecule. Negative-ion LSIMS with high- and low-energy collision-induced dissociation defined the sugar sequence and ceramide composition, confirming the presence of a sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine at the non-reducing terminus. From these results, the complete structure was proposed to be HSO3-3GalNAc beta 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer (Gg3Cer III3-sulfate, SM2b).

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1996

Early reduction of neurohumoral factors plays a key role in mediating the efficacy of beta-blocker therapy for congestive heart failure.

This study examined the role played by neurohumoral factors in mediating the effects of beta-blocker therapy for congestive heart failure. Fifteen patients with congestive heart failure underwent beta-blocker therapy. Plasma norepinephrine and alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations decreased 2 weeks after initiation of beta-blocker therapy. Decrease in plasma norepinephrine level persisted for 6 months. Lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptor density increased 2 weeks after therapy but was not increased 6 months later. Left ventricular ejection fraction was unchanged 2 weeks after therapy, but it increased 6 months after introduction of beta-blockers. Plasma norepinephrine level decreased 2 weeks after the therapy in the responders (increase in ejection fraction > 0.10) but not in the nonresponders. Thus early reduction of neurohumoral factor levels preceded the late improvement of left ventricular contractile function and may therefore be partly responsible for the efficacy of beta-blocker therapy for congestive heart failure.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Autoantibodies to peripheral nerve glycosphingolipids SPG, SLPG, and SGPG in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Unlike CNS myelin, human peripheral nerve myelin has the acidic glycosphingolipids sialosyl paragloboside (SPG), sialosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside (SLPG), and sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG). To elucidate the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP), we investigated the autoantibodies to peripheral nerve molecules in patients with these diseases and compared the frequency of the autoantibodies with that of autoantibody to GM1 which is present in both the CNS and PNS. The report of Sheikh et al. (Ann. Neurol. 1995; 38: 350) that Campylobacter jejuni bears the SGPG epitope led us to study whether sera from patients with GBS subsequent to C. jejuni enteritis have anti-SGPG antibody; but, high anti-SGPG antibody titers were not found in the GBS patients from whom C. jejuni was isolated. Although the frequency of the anti-SPG, anti-SLPG and anti-SGPG antibodies were lower than that of the anti-GM1 antibody in GBS, 5 patients with demyelinating GBS had high IgG anti-SPG antibody titers. IgG anti-SPG antibody may function in the development of demyelinating GBS. We found that 6 CIDP patients had elevated IgM anti-SGPG antibody titers. Immunoelectrophoresis failed to detect IgM M-protein in 3 of the patients. IgM anti-SGPG antibody could be a diagnostic marker for a subgroup of CIDP with or without paraprotein.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Antibody to GalNAc-GD1a and GalNAc-GM1b in Guillain-Barré syndrome subsequent to Campylobacter jejuni enteritis.

N-Acetylgalactosaminyl GD1a (GalNAc-GD1a) is a proposed target molecule for serum antibody in some patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (Kusunoki et al., 1994). We examined autoantibody to GalNAc-GD1a in sera from 58 GBS patients. Eight GBS patients had high IgG anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibody titers, 3 of whom also had high IgM anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibody titers. These 8 patients had experienced gastrointestinal infection before the onset of their neurological symptoms. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 4 of them. An absorption test indicated the presence of the GalNAc-GD1a epitope in lipopolysaccharides of C. jejuni. Sera that had anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibody reacted with several acidic glycolipids in bovine peripheral nerve, one of which was identified as N-acetylgalactosaminyl GM1b (GalNAc-GM1b). Serum binding to GalNAc-GM1b was decreased by absorption with GalNAc-GD1a. The presence of GalNAc-GM1b as well as GalNAc-GD1a has been reported in human peripheral nerves. We assume that C. jejuni, which bears the [GalNAc beta 1-4 (NeuAc alpha 2-3) Gal beta 1-3 GalNAc beta 1-] epitope, is the immunogen and that the glycoconjugates with the epitope are target molecules for the autoantibody in peripheral nerves of some GBS patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Regression of increased left ventricular masses in elderly hypertensive patients on lisinopril as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We investigated, using magnetic resonance imaging, whether the addition of lisinopril could reduce increased left ventricular (LV) masses in hypertensive patients whose blood pressure was well controlled with nifedipine. METHODS: Fourteen hypertensive patients being treated with nifedipine and having an interventricular septum thickness of more than 12 mm were studied. Half of them were given 5 mg lisinopril, and the others were not. Short-axis images of the left ventricle from the base to the apex were obtained by a standard spin-echo pulse sequence. The entire LV mass was calculated from the area of short-axis slices of the left ventricle multiplied by slice thickness. RESULTS: Blood pressure fell slightly and almost equally in both groups. The LV mass and LV mass index showed a significant decrease in the lisinopril-treated group but not in the control group. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate the effectiveness of lisinopril in reducing increased LV masses, at least in combination with nifedipine.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Small-vessel radiography in situ with monochromatic synchrotron radiation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of a radiographic system with monochromatic synchrotron radiation to depict small vessels and peripheral secretory ducts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiography of various organs was tested in 14 anesthetized dogs and pancreatography was performed in an excised human pancreas by using the following system: monochromatic synchrotron radiation with an energy level just above the k absorption edge of iodine as an x-ray source and a high-definition TV system with a high-light-sensitivity image pick-up tube camera coupled with a fluorescent screen as a detector. RESULTS: This system allowed depiction of small vessels (diameter < 50-100 microns) of the heart (penetrating transmural artery), brain (perforating arteries that arise directly in the circle of Willis), and intestinal organs (vasa recta and their submucosal communications) and of small branches (down to the fifth order) of the pancreatic duct. CONCLUSION: The synchrotron radiation system may be useful for evaluating microcirculatory disorders and early-stage malignant tumors in various human organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of a new beta-blocker, nipradilol, on cardiac function and neurohumoral factors in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of a new beta-blocker, nipradilol, a non-selective agent with vasodilating activity, for the treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The New York Heart Association functional class improved in the nipradilol group (n = 9, p < 0.01), but not in the control group who received conventional therapy (n = 9). The observation period was 19 +/- 7 months in the nipradilol group, and 20 +/- 9 months in the control group. Before therapy there was no difference in heart rate between the 2 groups (76 +/- 12 vs 79 +/- 15 beats/min). The end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular dimensions decreased in the nipradilol group (p < 0.05), but not in the control group. Radionuclide ventriculography revealed that the left ventricular ejection fraction increased in the nipradilol group (27 +/- 8 to 41 +/- 18%, p < 0.05), but not in the control group (27 +/- 11 to 27 +/- 8%). Plasma norepinephrine tended to be lowered, although not significantly, whereas plasma alpha atrial natriuretic peptide significantly decreased after the therapy (p < 0.01) in the treatment group. Lymphocyte beta-adrenoceptors were up-regulated in the nipradilol group (p < 0.05). None of these parameters changed during the observation period in the control group. Thus, nipradilol improved symptoms and cardiac function with a favorable effect on neurohumoral factors in patients with DCM.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Isolation and characterization of gangliosides from Theileria sergenti.

The gangliosides of Theileria sergenti piroplasms were isolated and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and TLC immunostaining test. Four species of gangliosides, designated as G-1, G-2, G-3, and G-4, were separated on TLC. G-1, G-2, G-3, and G-4 ganglioside showed the same mobility as GM3, sialosylparagloboside (SPG), i-active ganglioside, and I-active ganglioside on the TLC plate, respectively. In order to characterize the molecular species of gangliosides from T. sergenti, G-1, G-2, G-3, and G-4 gangliosides were purified and tested by TLC immunostaining test with monoclonal antibodies against gangliosides. G-1 ganglioside had reactivity to anti-GM3 monoclonal antibody. G-2 gave reaction with monoclonal antibody to SPG containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). G-3 showed reactivity to the anti-i-active ganglioside (NeuGc) monoclonal antibody. G-4 was recognized by the monoclonal antibody which reacts with I-active ganglioside (NeuGc). In addition, sialic acid moiety of the gangliosides from T. sergenti piroplasms was also analyzed. N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides were hardly detectable in T. sergenti piroplasms. Gangliosides from T. sergenti (G-1, G-2, G-3, and G-4) carried only NeuGc as their sialic acid moiety. These results suggest that G-1, G-2, G-3, and G-4 gangliosides are GM3 (NeuGc) [NeuGc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-Cer], SPG (NeuGc) [NeuGc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer], i-active ganglioside (NeuGc) [NeuGc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer], and I-active ganglioside(NeuGc) [NeuGc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3 (Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6) Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer], respectively.

Anemia↗
PubMed1996

[The mechanism of giant negative T wave in electrocardiogram in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: evaluation with thallium-201 and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy].

The aims of this study were to clarify the mechanism of giant negative T waves (GNT) in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM), using myocardial SPECT with thallium-201 (201TI) and iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG). Myocardial SPECT in 8 patients with AHCM, diagnosed with GNT in EKG and apical hypertrophy in echocardiogram, were compared with those in 7 normal subjects. The EKG in patients with AHCM showed tall R waves, GNT and ST segment depression in the left precordial leads. With the SPECT, the ratio of radioisotope activities apical ROI vs. other ROI (anterior, septal and lateral segments) were calculated. The ratio of 201TI was high in AHCM, compared with that of normal subjects, suggested the increase in apical myocardial blood flow. The ratio of 123I-MIBG tended to be low in AHCM. The 201TI/123I-MIBG ratio was high in the apical myocardium in AHCM, indicated low sympathetic nerve activities, though there was myocardial hypertrophy. We concluded that giant negative T waves in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy might be due to relatively low cardiac sympathetic nerve activities in apical myocardium with idiopathic hypertrophy.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1996

[Cor pulmonale].

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Diagnosis, Differential↗