Biomedical subjects
S Hamid
Publications and source records attributed to S Hamid.
Yet another cause of chronic viral hepatitis?
The clinical features, course and histology of liver in 20 patients; mostly middle aged to elderly females, closely resembling chronic Non A Non B hepatitis is presented. They presented quite late in their disease and therefore, complications such as variceal bleeds, ascites and encephalopathy were frequent. Our patients were negative for hepatitis B and C virus serology. Metabolic and immune causes of chronic liver disease were also ruled out. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind elaborating the clinical features, course and histology of liver in chronic Non B Non C hepatitis and raises a number of questions as to the nature of the infecting virus and the epidemiology of disease.
Impotence following delayed repair of prostatomembranous urethral disruption.
A group of 26 patients with pelvic fracture and disruption of the prostatomembranous urethra were evaluated for impotence. Impotence was defined as inability to achieve an erection firm enough for vaginal penetration. Of the patients 25 were potent before the injury, whereas 1 was only 7 years old at injury. Seven patients admitted to being potent after the injury but before the final urethral anastomosis. Four patients became potent after urethroplasty. The definitive operation to the urethra was done approximately 6 months after the injury. Only 11 of the 26 patients (46%) reported erections adequate for vaginal penetration. No patient who had adequate erections before urethroplasty became impotent postoperatively. We believe that the impotence was caused by damage to the neurovascular supply to the penis at injury.
Oxyphilic granular cell adenoma (oncocytoma)--a histochemical and ultrastructural study.
Oxyphilic granular cell adenoma (oncocytoma) is extremely rare usually benign neoplasm. Specimens from four oncocytomas of the parotid gland were studied by light microscopy using different histochemical stains, and by electron microscopy. The haematoxylin and eosin stained sections revealed large cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. These granules appear blue with phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin stain, purplish blue with mallory aniline blue stain and are moderately reactive to alcian blue and PAS. No elastic fibers could be seen in the intercellular substance using Verhoeff's stain. At the ultrastructural level, the tumour cells were characterized by great numbers of mitochondria. Many of the mitochondria contained glycogen granules. Dividing mitochondria were also observed.
Gastric complication of massive Slow-K overdose.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bioequivalence studies of five brands of ampicillin trihydrate capsules.
Using the microbiological assay method, the bioavailability of ampicillin in healthy human volunteers has been examined. The plasma levels were used to determine the extent and rate of bioavailability following oral administration of 250 mg capsules produced by 5 different manufacturers. Balanced incomplete block design was employed and standard statistical techniques were used to detect any significant difference between multivariate and univariate characteristics. The results indicate that the different brands are almost bioequivalent with respect to the rate of bioavailability but that they are bioinequivalent with respect to the extent of bioavailability.
Specificity between the anti-aggregatory actions of prostacyclin, prostaglandin E1 and D2 on platelets.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Interaction of prostaglandin D2 with prostacyclin, carbacyclin and the hydantoin prostaglandin, BW245C, in guinea-pig platelets.
The anti-aggregating actions of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) have been compared to prostacyclin (PGI2), its stable analogue carbacyclin and a hydantoin prostaglandin, BW245C, in guinea-pig PGI2, carbacyclin and BW245C were potent inhibitors of ADP-induced aggregation in guinea-pig platelets, with ID50 values comparable to those obtained in human platelet-rich-plasma. In contrast, PGD2 acted as a weak and partial inhibitor in guinea-pig platelet aggregation, producing a bell-shaped dose-response relationship. PGD2 induced a dose-related antagonism of the inhibitory actions of BW245C, prostacyclin and carbacyclin on guinea-pig platelets. However, PGD2 did not antagonize the inhibitory actions of either forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP on this platelet preparation. The results suggest a non-specific interaction of PGD2 with these prostanoid binding sites on guinea-pig platelets.
[Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma with prolonged insulin-resistnace and extremely high values of insulin-IgG-binding].
The paper reports the occurrence - over a period of some days - of a hyperosmolar non ketotic coma, with prolonged relative insulin-resistnace in a micro- and macroangiopathic long term diabetic subject, after infection and minor surgery. The patient was on oral hypoglycemic treatment during the past 11 years; previously he had been treated with Protamin Zinc Insulin. The case is characterized by extremely high values of Insulin-IgG-binding (12 MU/ml), which still further increased to 20 mU/ml when an emergency insulin management was recommenced, perhaps as the result of an immunogenic booster effect. A diagram of underlying and precipitating conditions likely to lead to diabetic non-ketotic coma is presented. Exogenous anti-insulin immunitary factors are postulated as exceptional condidates for inclusion.
[On pancreatic involvement in viral hepatitis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Prescription practices of public and private health care providers in Attock District of Pakistan.
The irrational use of drugs is a major problem of present day medical practice and its consequences include the development of resistance to antibiotics, ineffective treatment, adverse effects and an economic burden on the patient and society. A study from Attock District of Pakistan assessed this problem in the formal allopathic health sector and compared prescribing practices of health care providers in the public and private sector. WHO recommended drug use indicators were used to study prescription practices. Prescriptions were collected from 60 public and 48 private health facilities. The mean (+/- SE) number of drugs per prescription was 4.1 +/- 0.06 for private and 2.7 +/- 0.04 for public providers (p < 0.0001). General practitioners (GPs) who represent the private sector prescribed at least one antibiotic in 62% of prescriptions compared with 54% for public sector providers. Over 48% of GP prescriptions had at least one injectable drug compared with 22.0% by public providers (p < 0.0001). Thirteen percent of GP prescriptions had two or more injections. More than 11% of GP prescriptions had an intravenous infusion compared with 1% for public providers (p < 0.001). GPs prescribed three or more oral drugs in 70% of prescriptions compared with 44% for public providers (p < 0.0001). Prescription practices were analysed for four health problems, acute respiratory infection (ARI), childhood diarrhoea (CD), fever in children and fever in adults. For these disorders, both groups prescribed antibiotics generously, however, GPs prescribed them more frequently in ARI, CD and fever in children (p < 0.01). GPs prescribed steroids more frequently, however, it was significantly higher in ARI cases (p < 0.001). For all the four health problems studied, GPs prescribed injections more frequently than public providers (p < 0.001). In CD cases GPs prescribed oral rehydration salt (ORS) less frequently (33.3%) than public providers (57.7%). GPs prescribed intravenous infusion in 12.3% cases of fever in adults compared with none by public providers (p < 0.001). A combination of non-regulatory and regulatory interventions, directed at providers as well as consumers, would need to be implemented to improve prescription practices of health care providers. Regulation alone would be ineffective unless it is supported by a well-established institutional mechanism which ensures effective implementation. The Federal Ministry of Health and the Provincial Departments of Health have to play a critical role in this respect, while the role of the Pakistan Medical Association in self-regulation of prescription practices can not be overemphasized. Improper prescription practices will not improve without consumer targeted interventions that educate and empower communities regarding the hazards of inappropriate drug use.
Per-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography for common bile duct stones.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Influence of ethnic diets on ampicillin bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in healthy Pakistani subjects.
The influence of time and different ethnic diets on relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of orally administered ampicillin was studied in healthy Pakistani subjects. The bioavailability of ampicillin was determined using the plasma levels which were measured microbiologically. Plasma levels were analyzed, assuming a one-compartment linear model with first order absorption. Different types of Pakistani diets ingested immediately before dosing reduced plasma levels to an almost similar extent, while different results were found upon changing the time of drug administration with respect to the food intake. The study reveals that, for maximum absorption, ampicillin should be given on empty stomach and at least 1.5 h before the meal.