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Biomedical subjects

S Haberman

Publications and source records attributed to S Haberman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Weighing in college students' diet and exercise behaviors.

A questionnaire was used to investigate the nutritional health behaviors of 302 college students at a large urban university. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each student, using self-reported heights and weights. Eight percent of the surveyed students were categorized as overweight on the basis of their BMIs. However, 50% of the students who were rated underweight on the basis of their BMIs classified themselves as overweight. Only 39% of the students reported exercising 3 or more times per week; 76% of the students reported that they ate the same foods day after day. Recommendations are presented for colleges and universities that are offering or are considering offering nutritional education programs for students.

Body Image↗
PubMed1998

Multigated simultaneous spectral Doppler imaging: a new ultrasound modality.

BACKGROUND: Spectral Doppler ultrasound, an important diagnostic tool for the functional assessment of various organs, as yet has no major use in prenatal diagnosis due to the conventional technique's limitation of analyzing only one site at a time. Our aim was to develop a new modality that shows simultaneous studies of multiple sites in a vascular area, which should provide improved assessment of hemodynamic status of vascular systems. TECHNIQUE: The new Doppler modality features automatic acquisition and analysis of blood flow in multiple sites over a large area. The quantitative Doppler data are presented as color-coded maps of the spectral Doppler indices overlaid on the gray-scale sonographic images and as histograms of indices distribution. EXPERIENCE: Serial sequences of Doppler measurements in the umbilical artery were taken in 14 women. The reproducibility of the new modality was confirmed. CONCLUSION: Our new Doppler modality provides reproducible and reliable data. This method is a viable alternative to the traditional Doppler ultrasound and might offer better assessment of feto-placental circulation.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Intraplacental spectral Doppler scanning: fetal growth classification based on Doppler velocimetry.

The purpose of the study was to develop a Doppler modality for effective assessment of the fetoplacental circulation. Calculations based upon a theoretical model were employed to predict downstream pulsatility values in the fetoplacental circulation. The clinical study included 83 pregnancies between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation. Sixty-nine women were recruited from our low-risk clinic and had uncomplicated pregnancies. Fourteen patients had complications suspected to be associated with placental pathology. All 83 patients demonstrated UA Doppler indices within the normal limits for the gestational age. The study induced intraplacental and UA Doppler waveform analyses. The ratios between intraplacental and UA PI values (at the cord insertion to the placenta) were calculated. Nineteen patients with intraplacental to UA (placental cord insertion) PI ratios > 1 (abnormal) had adverse pregnancy outcome. The study demonstrates the importance of detailed scanning of the intraplacental pulsatile waveforms and the importance of using the ratio between the intraplacental and UA Doppler indices as an additional method for evaluation of the fetoplacental circulation. The method might be proven more effective mainly in the early stages of placental disease when a relatively small number of the placental terminal arterioles are affected with a negligible effect on the UA Doppler indices, and also in the evaluation of the large placenta. A fetal growth classification based on detailed intraplacental velocimetry and cord to intraplacental flow gradient is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Significance of prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord cyst in a fetus with trisomy 18.

An umbilical cord cyst was detected in a fetus who underwent ultrasonography at 38 weeks' gestation for clinical suspicion of intrauterine growth retardation. Such an association should alert the clinician to the possibility of aneuploidy, thus guiding clinical management. This case represents the second report of a cystic umbilical lesion in a fetus with trisomy 18.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A new technique for improved diagnosis of local placental abnormalities: Fourier analysis of intraplacental waveforms.

A new method to diagnose localized placental lesions is introduced. The method involves Fourier analysis of intraplacental and umbilical Doppler velocity waveforms. It is shown, using a theoretical model based on an electrical transmission line approach, that intraplacental waveforms that are of higher pulsatilities than those in the umbilical artery indicate placental abnormalities. The method was applied in a series of cases with normal umbilical waveforms in which placental abnormalities were diagnosed. The method promises to be more sensitive and specific than analyzing umbilical waveforms alone as it does not depend on uncertain threshold values.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The detection of errors in sentences after right hemisphere brain damage.

Several experiments have shown that non-aphasic, right hemisphere-damaged adults encounter difficulty solving syllogistic reasoning problems. In order to confirm and further explore the nature of this deficit with different linguistic material, patients with focal cerebral insult were asked to detect logical errors in sentences describing familiar causal situations. The findings revealed significant impairments in detecting errors after insult to anterior portions of the right hemisphere and to the left hemisphere, but qualitatively different patterns of errors in these two groups of patients. We conclude that the right hemisphere may make a unique contribution to sentence processing.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Arachidonic acid metabolism in human granulosa cells: evidence for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activity in vitro.

In view of the studies demonstrating the involvement of eicosanoids (prostaglandins and hydroxyperoxides, including leukotrienes) in ovulation in several mammalian species, we have examined the activity of the two enzyme systems, lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase in human granulosa cells obtained from women undergoing in-vitro fertilization--embryo transfer. The activity of cyclooxygenase was assessed by radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin E and of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the conversion product of prostacyclin, accumulated in the culture medium of granulosa cells. Lipoxygenase activity was detected by the conversion of [14C]arachidonic acid into its products (hydroxyperoxides and leukotrienes) separated by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The results confirmed the activity of cyclooxygenase in human granulosa cells, production in vitro of prostaglandin E and prostacyclin and demonstrated the presence of active lipoxygenase enzymes. These results support the possible involvement of eicosanoids in ovulation of the human.

Arachidonic Acids↗
PubMed1982

Assessment and comparison of the performance of cardiac valves.

A statistical method is presented to assess and compare cardiac valve performances. Patient survival and valve performances have been separated, and valve function and malfunction have been described in comprehensive and comparable terms. Formulas are proposed to calculate the significance of the difference between two survival probabilities as well as to calculate the instantaneous rate of events and the median remaining lifetime.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1982

North West Thames registry of neurological disease.

A feasibility study has been carried out to determine whether a population-based registry of neurological disease can be established using the Hospital (Inpatient) Activity Analysis (HAA) records for England and Wales. The study provides a valuable opportunity to use and test the HAA system. The neurological disease chosen was the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome (GBS), because it would be expected that most patients would be admitted to hospital, and recurrent attacks or chronicity are rare. In this study it has been demonstrated that, for GBS, a neurological registry, based on HAA records, provided an excellent source of data to measure the incidence of the disease and potentially any change of incidence over time. The proportion of coding errors was found to be under 5%.

England↗
PubMed1981

The seasonal variation in mortality from cerebrovascular disease.

The frequency distribution of deaths from cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales in 1975 by month of occurrence is described. The distribution is compared with that for related diseases, in particular ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, pneumonia and bronchitis. The principal feature in all these diseases is high mortality in winter and spring and low mortality in late summer, but the range of variation is wider for pneumonia and bronchitis. The seasonal distribution of cerebrovascular disease death is similar in both sexes, all ages at death and for deaths at home and deaths in a hospital or institution. For both sexes the proportion of cerebrovascular disease deaths occurring at home increases significantly with age at death. Four hypotheses are examined to explain this characteristic seasonal mortality pattern, which is related inversely to ambient temperature, and similar to the seasonal pattern of the incidence and prevalence of cerebrovascular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Sex differences in the incidence of cerebrovascular disease.

Incidence rates for cerebrovascular disease reported by community-based and hospital-based studies during the past 15 years are analysed. The range of variation between area is wide, with Japan and Finland experiencing the highest age-adjusted rates. Of 16 studies reporting incidence rates by sex, 15 showed a male excess, and nine of these were significant when the incidence rate was age-adjusted. Overall, the excess is about 30% for both community-bases and hospital-based studies. For cerebral infarction the excess is about 45%. Intracerebral haemorrhage shows little difference between the two sexes and subarachnoid haemorrhage shows a male deficit of about 50%. These findings are self-consistent.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1979

Comparative method for actuarial analysis of cardiac valve replacements.

The use of survival analysis in cardiac surgical reports has been widely accepted in order to characterise and compare performances of different valve prostheses. However, the analyses that have been described elsewhere may be improved in several respects. The original method proposed for prosthetic valve evalation examined follow-up related to patients rather than the valves themselves and therefore neglected the possibility of factors other than the valve itself which could affect the fate of cardiac patients. Furthermore, there has not yet been any application of life table methods to compare two different sets of data, or to estimate the average time before an event occurs. The present work defines valve function and malfunction and separates patient survival from valve performance. We define statistical indices, namely the median remaining lifetime and the instantaneous decrement rate. Both indices can be useful; the former measures the average survival time and the latter focuses attention on the intensity of risk changes. Using established statistical theory we calculate the significance level of difference between two independent survival rates. We qualify the presentation of probabilities with a statement of the associated standard errors.

Actuarial Analysis↗