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Biomedical subjects

S Haahr

Publications and source records attributed to S Haahr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Disseminated sclerosis and retrovirus].

Multiple sclerosis is a disease characterized by neurologic dysfunction due to focal CNS lesions with demyelination. The cause of the disease is unknown; but it may be due to a virus and/or autoimmune reactions. The latter cause is suspected on account of family- and ethnical studies, the first on account of locally produced antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, and also epidemiologic investigations. The newly discovered human retroviruses, especially HTLV-I which is the cause of tropical spastic paraparesis, has been suspected as a possible cause; but this has been disproved by multiple antibody- and PCR-studies. An uncharacterized exogenous or an endogenous retrovirus is still considered to be a possible cause or possibly partial cause of the disease which could be multifactorial.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Is multiple sclerosis caused by a dual infection with retrovirus and Epstein-Barr virus?

Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis is as yet unknown, epidemiological observations strongly point toward one or more infectious agent(s) being involved in the disease. In recent years some studies have indicated involvement of retrovirus in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, an intrafamilial epidemiological study revealed that MS and the known human retroviruses had a divergent epidemiology. Some studies have shown the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with MS and one recent study revealed dual infection by retrovirus and EBV in a cell line established from a patient with an MS-like disease. Our hypothesis for the development of MS and MS-like diseases is that a hitherto uncharacterized retrovirus is the etiological agent, but development of neurologic disease is related to or even dependent on a delayed EBV infection. The dual infection hypothesis is analyzed and found to be consistent with the epidemiological characteristics of MS.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Multiple sclerosis as a retroviral disease? Epidemiological considerations in relation to HTLV-I epidemiology.

The intrafamilial epidemiology of multiple sclerosis was compared with the known intrafamilial epidemiology of infections with HTLV-I. Infections with this retrovirus most often have a subclinical course, but can cause leukemia or a neurological disease resembling multiple sclerosis. Through the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, information was obtained on 79 parent-child cases of multiple sclerosis, and in 55 cases further information was obtained through questionnaires. The study did not reveal any common intrafamilial pattern of MS and HTLV-I infections. It can be concluded that if multiple sclerosis is associated with a specific 'MS virus', it is hardly one with the same epidemiology as HTLV-I, maybe because MS could be a multifactorial disease only developing if various factors coincide in the same person.

Denmark↗
PubMed1979

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus in renal transplant patients.

Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus, using the lymphocyte transformation test and interferon induction in lymphocytes, was studied in 59 patients from 1 day to 7 years after allotransplantation and compared with the results in normal subjects. Both parameters were permanently depressed with regard to cytomegalovirus. With herpes simplex virus, interferon production was also permanently depressed, whereas the transformation reaction was normal during the first year after transplantation and only slightly depressed in patients more than 1 year after transplantation. In 6 patients the above-mentioned assays and the complement fixation reaction were performed serially and related to the clinical signs of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infection. The relationship between depression of the transformation reaction and interferon production in lymphocytes and the occurrence of clinically evident herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus infections was, however, equivocal. The humoral immune response to herpes simplex virus was measured by the complement fixation test and the more sensitive antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction, and a good correlation was found between these two tests, although only a few persons were found to be negative in the antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction. The suggestion is made that only a few adults are "true" herpes simplex virus seronegative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pleural effusion disease in rabbits. Interferon in body fluids and tissues after experimental infection.

The distribution of interferon in body fluids and tissues was studied in 18 rabbits infected experimentally with the agent of pleural effusion disease (PED). Circulating interferon of the classical type was demonstrable 12 h after inoculation, and a maximum response was attained 2-3 days later. Circulating interferon disappeared between 6 and 8 days after inoculation. Interferon titres of serum were closely correlated with the early phase of febrile response and probably also with the initial growth phase of the PED agent. The interferon titres of pleural fluid exceeded by far the titres of other body fluids and tissues. No interferon could be demonstrated in brain, liver and urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in humans before and after revaccination with vaccinia virus.

Twenty-six healthy males vaccinated 15 to 18 years ago with vaccinia virus were revaccinated. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and 3 weeks after. The lymphocytes were tested in a blast transformation assay with vaccinia antigen and phytohemagglutinin, and interferon production was measured. The sera were subjected to neutralization and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) tests. All results were compared with clinical responses. The only test showing immunity in all donors before vaccination was the ADCC. The other tests showed a very limited residual immunity or no immunity at all. After revaccination, immunity reactions were found in all tests in most of the donors. None of the tests made before vaccination could be used to predict clinical reactions. The ADCC is recommended as a sensitive serological test.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in humans during revaccination with vaccinia virus.

Fifteen healthy human volunteers were revaccinated with vaccinia virus. Blood samples (4 to 7) were obtained during the 3 weeks after revaccination. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were washed extensively and tested for cytotoxicity against vaccinia-infected autologous and/or homologous skin fibroblasts. Without addition of antibodies, peak levels of killing were observed on days 7 to 9. The killing did not depend on common HLA markers. On days with peak activity, extensively washed lymphocytes showed higher levels of killing than normally washed lymphocytes. By cell separation experiments, the cell most active in killing proved to be a nonadherent, non-phagocytizing lymphocyte with Fc receptors. Serum antibodies tested in two sensitive serological assays peaked on days 14 to 17. The question of whether the killing observed is dependent on or independent of antibodies is not clarified in the present study.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1978

Cellular and humoral immune responses to herpes simplex virus during and after primary gingivostomatitis.

A total of 17 children, aged 1 to 15 years, with gingivostomatitis were investigated to follow the development of immune parameters in those who suffered from herpes simplex virus stomatitis. Mouth swabs were obtained during the acute attack. Blood samples were collected on this occasion and again about 3 weeks later. Humoral immunity to herpes simplex virus was investigated by a complement fixation test and by an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity test. Cell-mediated immunity was investigated in a blast transformation assay with herpes simplex virus type 1 antigen and phytohemagglutinin. Interferon production in herpes-stimulated cultures was measured. Thirteen patients had a herpes simplex stomatitis. Twelve of these children were negative in the complement fixation test on the first serum specimen, but only five were negative in the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity test. These five were still febrile at the time of investigation. Blast transformation was negative at the first investigation in most children, whereas interferon was produced both in leukocyte cultures obtained during the infection and also in cultures made 3 to 4 weeks after the infection. An increase in immune parameters was seen in all patients with herpes stomatitis. From results in blast transformation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, it is seen that cell-mediated and humoral immunity can be found at the same time during recovery from this type of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Function of fever in infectious disease.

The survival of fever in infectious disease is a controversial subject. In favour of the hypothesis that the fever response is one of the defence mechanisms of the host aginst micro-organisms are several data ranging from determinations of optimal growth temperatures of micro-organisms in vitro to in vivo experiments on the course of infections in temperature-manipulated warm-blooded and poikilothermic animals. In spite of this, the beneficial effect of an elevated body temperature has only been documented in a few human infections, and antipyretic drugs are still used in enormous quantities in the fight against the symptom "fever", as if this were the enemy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Function of fever.

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Body Temperature↗
PubMed1977

[Interferons].

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Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to herpes-infected cells in humans: dependence on antibodies.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected human skin fibroblasts were used as target cells in a 51Cr release assay, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HSV-seropositive and -seronegative donors as effector cells. Cytotoxicity was exerted by ordinarily prepared lymphoid cells but could be reduced by extensive washing of the effector cells. The antibody dependence of the system was shown by the recovery of activity through addition of positive serum or medium used for the early washes of effector cells. Three donors found to be seronegative in the usual serological tests were shown to be seropositive in this test. It is proposed that the assay can be used as a very sensitive serological test.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Use of purified cytomegalovirus as antigen in the complememt fixation test.

Crude cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen and purified CMV antigen were used in tests for complement-fixating (CF) antibodies in sera from 7 patients with CMV infection. CF antibodies to purified CMV appeared later than the other CF antibodies tested and parallel to neutralizing antibodies.

Antibodies, Viral↗