Dutomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S H Xu
Publications and source records attributed to S H Xu.
Protective effect of Re-LPS antiserum on experimental multiple system organ failure.
This study examines the possible beneficial effect of Re-LPS (F515) antiserum on experimental multiple system organ failure (MSOF) in rabbits. The results showed that the plasma LPS level was significantly decreased, and it took a shorter period to clear up LPS in experimental than in control rabbits after receiving Re-LPS antiserum. Pretreatment with antiserum can markedly improve the function of the liver, lungs, kidneys, blood and gastrointestinal tract. The MSOF incidence in the group of rabbits receiving immune sera was only 11.2% and the survival rate was raised by about 40.0%. The results suggest that early passive immunotherapy may neutralize gut-derived endotoxin, inhibit endotoxin-induced mediators release and prevent development of severe complications due to sepsis. It is therefore postulated that LPS core antiserum may provide a prophylactic effect on the development of experimental MSOF.
Animals↗
[Cyclic nucleotides and blood platelet function].
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Animals↗
Prospective evaluation of the use of antigen-specific immune complexes in predicting the development of recurrent melanoma.
We previously demonstrated that the antigen-specific immune complexes captured by the monoclonal antibody MAb JSI in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were associated with recurrent melanoma. To determine the potential use of antigen-specific immune complex analysis in predicting the development of recurrent melanoma, we prospectively analyzed serum obtained from patients with melanoma following surgical treatment. Two hundred fifty-three patients have been followed up for a median of 25 months (range, 17 to 29 months). Seventy-seven patients (30%) have developed recurrent melanoma. Antigen-specific immune complexes correlated with the stage of disease at time of entry into the study. The absence of antigen-specific immune complexes in postoperative serum samples is predictive of a disease-free status. Long-term follow-up will define the false-positive rate of antigen-specific immune complex analysis. Continued refinement of this approach should lead to clinically useful methodology to monitor human melanoma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Malaria and its control in the People's Republic of China.
Malaria is one of the major parasitic diseases in China. During the past 40 years, large scale malaria control activities were conducted in the country relying on primary health care nets and community participation. The control of malaria was implemented according to the principles of adopting integrated measures and repeated practices which are characterized by time- and locality-oriented approaches. As a result, remarkable success has been achieved. By the end of 1990, there were 117,000 malaria cases in China, with a morbidity of 0.0106%, which dropped by 95% in comparison with that in the 1950s. Most of the original hyper-endemic areas became meso- or hypo-endemic and for most of the previously meso- or hypo-endemic areas, the disease became sporadic. Malaria distribution and epidemic patterns also demonstrated great changes. The major experience comprises the integration of the malaria control program into the overall national health program, the mobilization of various sectors, including the community, the investigators and technical personnel in research institutions and control services to participate and cooperate in solving problems and difficulties encountered.
China↗
Detection and isolation of antigen-specific immune complexes from sera of melanoma patients.
Detection of antigen-specific circulating immune complexes (IC) in sera from cancer patients provides an approach for defining tumor antigens that induce a host immune response and could prove useful for purposes of immunoprognosis. In the present study, a sandwich ELISA was developed to detect antigen-specific IC in cancer patients, utilizing a murine monoclonal antibody designated MAb JSI. The MAb was produced by cell fusion using standard hybridoma technology following immunization with a partially purified fetal antigen that had been isolated from the spent culture medium of a melanoma cell line. The partially purified antigen appeared to be broadly expressed on melanomas, sarcomas, and carcinomas. The MAb was mass-produced in pristine-primed mice. MAb JSI reacted with the cultured melanoma cell M14 but not the autologous lymphoblastoid cell L14. Following purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation, the MAb was immobilized on polystyrene plates and utilized to capture antigen-specific immune complexes from sera of melanoma patients which were detected with anti-human globulins. The second antibody in the sandwich was shown to be endogenous human IgG. Antigen-specific immune complexes were present in melanoma patients but only infrequently in sera from normal individuals and patients with active autoimmune disease. Antigen-specific immune complexes detected in melanoma sera were isolated by affinity chromatography utilizing the MAb JSI. The assay described in this report is simple and reproducible, without plate effect (p = 0.97) or time effect (p = 0.34) and could provide a useful new approach to examine the role of antigen-specific circulating immune complex analysis in cancer patients.
Analysis of Variance↗
Tumor-associated antigen immune complexes. A potential marker of recurrent melanoma.
To determine the potential utility of antigen-specific immune complex analysis, we developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing polyclonal human antibody to detect tumor-associated antigen-specific immune complexes. Sera from 10 normal volunteers and 19 patients with recurrent melanoma were studied. Patients with recurrent melanoma had a mean +/- SD percent inhibition of 27.6% +/- 29.8% in contrast to normal individuals with a mean value of 8.4% +/- 17.8%. A monoclonal antibody (MAb JSI) was developed following immunization with a partially purified antigen. Utilizing MAb JSI, we developed a "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and studied sera from 45 normal volunteers and 44 patients with cancer with recurrent melanoma. Results were expressed as a percent maximum binding of a positive control. The mean +/- SD percent maximum binding for normal subjects was 4.9% +/- 7.7% in contrast to sera from patients with melanoma who had a mean of 38.3% +/- 33.3%. Serial analysis of four patients with melanoma with tumor-associated antigen-specific immune complexes demonstrated the presence of tumor-associated antigen-specific immune complexes up to 12 years prior to clinical recurrence.
Adult↗
Immunochemical characterization of a tumor-associated antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody.
A murine monoclonal antibody of the subclass IgG2b, designated MAb JSI, was produced utilizing standard hybridoma technology. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with a fetal antigen that had been partially purified from the spent serum-free culture media of a human melanoma cell line. Utilizing MAb JSI, the antigen was isolated from serum of melanoma patients by affinity chromatography utilizing an acid elution and studied following exposure to trypsin, protease, and heat in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antigenic activity was destroyed following treatment with trypsin and protease as well as by exposure to heat (100 degrees C). By immunoperoxidase staining, MAb JSI reacted with melanoma, carcinoma, and sarcoma cell lines, but not with cell lines derived from normal skin or lungs. Affinity-isolated antigen was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue. Under dissociating conditions, a band in the 31,000 to 42,700 Da range was identified that was shown to be reactive with MAb JSI in ELISA. The antigenic determinant defined by MAb JSI appears to be a protein, with expression on a number of malignant tissues.
Animals↗
[The application of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the diagnosis of apudomas].
5-HT apudomas are rare. In our country, so far there has been no detailed report about using whole blood 5-HT and urinary 5-HIAA in the diagnosis of apudomas. Measurement of whole blood 5-HT in 87 and urinary 5-HIAA in 44 apudoma patients has been carried out in our laboratory since 1980. The results showed that the values of whole blood 5-HT and urinary 5-HIAA were significantly higher in apudoma patients than those in non-apudoma, postoperative apudoma and normal groups. The value of whole blood 5-HT over 130 micrograms/ml and urinary 5-HIAA over 30 mg/24 h were preliminarily recommended as diagnostic for apudomas.
Adolescent↗
[In vitro prompt killing by chlorhexidine of human colorectal carcinoma cell lines].
Cell lines of human colorectal carcinoma were used to test the prompt killing effect of chlorhexidine in several concentrations of normal saline or distilled water 0.25g/L 5-fluorouracil in normal saline was used as positive control. Normal saline was used as negative control. It was found that chlorhexidine were more effective than 5-fluorouracil as shown by the proliferation of cells, the mitotic index and the morphology of cells. New passages of cells failed to proliferate and died in 19 days after chlorhexidine treatment. The authors came to the conclusion that 0.2g/L chlorhexidine in distilled water can be used for irrigation of the peritoneal and pelvic cavities on the end of colorectal carcinoma resection to prevent implantation metastasis and infection.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Metabolism of 24(R,S),25-epiminolanosterol to 25-aminolanosterol and lanosterol by Gibberella fujikuroi.
Mycelia of Gibberella fujikuroi metabolized 2-tritio-24(R,S), 25-epiminolanosterol, a novel fungal sterol biosynthesis inhibitor that regulates delta 24-sterol methyltransferase, to 25-aminolanosterol (a new sterol) and lanosterol. The identities of the two sterols were established by cochromatography with authentic samples, mass spectroscopy, and isotopic dilution and recrystallization to constant specific activity. The newly biosynthesized tritiolanosterol was demonstrably introduced into the sterol pathway as evidenced by significant tritium label in the radiochemically purified sterols; 24(28)-methylene-24,25-dihydrolanosterol and 14-norlanosterol. The results demonstrate for the first time the direct reduction in situ of an aziridine ring to a tertiary amine and the stereocontrolled deamination of a C-25 aminosteroid to produce a delta 24, rather than a delta 25(27), steroid.
Ergosterol↗
Microcalorimetric measurements of tissue cells in vitro.
A culture flask was designed for the microcalorimetric measurements of tissue cells by an MS 80 standard calvet microcalorimeter. Tissue cells cultured in this flask behaved in the same manner as in the common culture flask used in cytobiological studies. The thermograms of human adenocarcinoma gastric cells (SGc 7901) and HeLa cells were obtained. The heat output power of SGc 7901 cells continuously increased for 70 h with an initial cell number of 3.0 X 10(5). The thermogram was reproducible under strictly controlled conditions. The relationship between the heat output power and the number of SGc 7901 cells within 48 h was obtained. The heat output power was 40 pW/cell to 49 pW/cell when the cell number was in the range 4.5 X 10(5) to 10.4 X 10(5). It was 62.3 +/- 2.9 pW/cell for HeLa cells when the cell number was 6 X 10(5).
Adenocarcinoma↗
Clinical phenomenology of mental disorders caused by Qigong exercise.
One hundred and nine patients with mental disorders caused by Qigong psychophysical exercise deviation are studied. These patients were divided into schizophrenic type (47 cases) and neurotic type (62 cases) and were analyzed by standard psychiatric rating scales and improved Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI). The results show that patients with Qigong deviation presented abnormalities in perception, thinking, and behavior of varying degree. The clinical characteristics could not be classified into extent psychiatric disease units. Most of these patients manifested specific physical symptoms of Qigong deviation. The authors suggest that this kind of mild, benign mental disorder associated with the unique culture of our country be studied to contribute to the study of the classification of mental disorders. Qigong triggered disorders usually normalized during short term follow-up.
Adolescent↗
A preliminary study of the inhibiting mechanism of anisodamine on rabbit platelets activated by E. coli endotoxin.
In this study, we observed the endotoxin induced platelet aggregation, 5-HT and beta-g releases, cellular cAMP decrease, and also the changes of morphology and membrane fluidity of platelet. These changes play an important role in septic shock, especially in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). After anisodamine (654) intervention all the parameters mentioned above were improved to a certain extent. This preliminary study of the inhibiting mechanism of 654 on rabbit platelets activated by ET supports the clinical possibility of using 654 for relieving DIC and RDS.
Animals↗
[Establishment of a transplantable human rectal mucoid adenocarcinoma model in nude mice and study of its biological characteristics].
A model of transplantable human mucoid adenocarcinoma of rectum in BALB/C nu/nu nude mice (TNB 92), was established and 18 sub-transplantations were performed. The success rate of transplantation was 98% and the average tumor bearing life time of mice was 112 days. Histology and ultrastructures showed that the transplantable tumor retained the original structures of the human tumor. Chromosomal analysis of the tumor cells exhibited the same features of the human carcinoma and it also retained the function of secreting CEA. Frozen tissue of the tumor in liquid nitrogen after rehabilitation could be successfully retransplanted into nude mice again. It seems to be a useful model for further study of human rectal adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
[Platelet functions in patients with acute myocardial infarction].
The changes of platelet functions including platelet membrane microviscosity (PMMV), plasma 5-HT, plasma TXB2 and 6-K-PGF1a were studied in 30 cases of AMI and 13 cases of unstable angina (UA), 20 normal subjects as control. After onset of AMI, PMMV, plasma 5-HT, 6-k-PGF1a all increased quickly, especially on the 1st day (P less than 0.001-0.01). During 3 weeks observation, only 6-K-PGF1a decreased to the normal level on 14th day. There were no obvious decrease of plasma TXB2, 5-HT and PMMV. It showed that in acute phase of AMI without intervention of any antiplatelet drugs the platelets were activated continuously. Plasma 5-HT was the most sensitive predictor for the severity of AMI as observed by the comparison between the cases with complications and serum peak CK greater than 1000 U/L, and those without complications and peak CK less than 1000 U/L (P less than 0.001-0.05). The great change of PMMV was a bad prognosis. In patients with UA, during acute myocardial ischemia, the platelets were also activated significantly, but the extent was not as high as that in AMI.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Subcellular distribution of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor with and without specific ligand.
The estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content of cultured human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) was determined by biochemical assay, immunoblot analysis, and immunohistochemical assay under varying conditions of hormonal stimulation. The ER and PR content in cytosolic and nuclear extracts varied with steroid treatment. However, both the amount and distribution of each receptor in these extracts was virtually the same when determined by steroid binding and immunoblot analyses. Two immunocytochemical parameters (staining intensity and proportion of cells stained) correlated with the quantitative analyses of ER and PR, but not with the subcellular distribution. When MCF-7 cells were grown for 4 days in charcoal-stripped serum without phenol red, 93% of total ER was found in the cytosol (10 mM KCl), whereas short-term treatment with 5 nM estradiol resulted in the appearance of 82% of total ER in the nuclear extract (400 mM KCl). With either cell treatment only nuclear staining for ER was observed. Progesterone receptor was virtually undetectable in the same cells by any method. After 4 days of treatment by 5 nM estradiol, PR was strongly induced (50-fold) in MCF-7 cells as determined by all three methods. As observed for ER, 95% of total induced PR was found in the cytosol in the absence of a progestin. Short-term treatment with 5 nM ORG 2058, a synthetic progestin, resulted in the appearance of 42% of total PR in the nuclear extract. However, only strong nuclear staining for PR was observed in either the presence or absence of a progestin. These findings are consistent with the current view of ER and PR as nuclear receptors present in at least two forms. One of these, the unoccupied form of the receptor, is easily removed from the nucleus by hypotonic buffers during the cell homogenization process and appears in the cytosolic extract. The other form of the receptor, the steroid-occupied form, is more tightly bound to nuclear components and is removed from nuclei only under more vigorous extraction conditions.
Blotting, Western↗
Comparison of the chromatographic properties of sterols, select additional steroids and triterpenoids: gravity-flow column liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.
The chromatographic properties of approximately 100 sterols, select steroids of plant origin (sapogenins and steroidal alkaloids) and triterpenoids has been evaluated in this laboratory by monitoring their elution characteristics in adsorption (gravity column and thin-layer methods with and without the addition of silver nitrates), gas and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The utility of each methodology to act in one or another chromatographic mode-separation, radio-chemical purification, quantitation and structural elucidation, is discussed. The importance of the tilt of the -OH group at C-3 as well as the polarity, size, an shape of the rest of the molecule as it effects the hydrogen-bonding ability of the -OH group is demonstrated through changes in chromatographic behavior that result from the step-wise introduction of double bonds, methyl, bromo, oxygen, nitrogen and cyclopropyl groups into 5 alpha-cholestanol. An independent aid in the structure identification and quantitation of the compounds was use of a multiple-wavelength diode array detector in which different wavelengths of the UV spectrum (200-400 nm) were simultaneously monitored following passage of the sample through a reversed-phase C18 column.
Chromatography, Gas↗