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Biomedical subjects

S H McCrone

Publications and source records attributed to S H McCrone.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A multibehavioral intervention to decrease cardiovascular disease risk factors in older men.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two mutibehavioral interventions: stress management (SM) (nutrition, exercise, and stress management) and education (ED) (nutrition, exercise, and education) on reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in older men. A convenience sample (n = 33) of older men (66 +/- 5 years) with at least one CVD risk factor participated in this 6-month intervention. Mean receiving the SM intervention (n = 25) exercised at the facility twice weekly (at > or = 70% maximum heart rate for 40 minutes) and received 12 hours each of nutrition and stress management class instruction. Men receiving the ED intervention (n = 8) received the same exercise and nutrition protocols but received 12 hours of education without stress management. There were no significant differences in body habitus, metabolic response, exercise endurance, blood pressure, or heart rate between groups at baseline. The SM group had significant pre-post differences in weight, body mass index, intraabdominal fat, subcutaneous fat, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, VO2, supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The ED group demonstrated significant pre-post differences only in supine diastolic blood pressure. There were significant change score differences between the groups in triglycerides, subcutaneous fat, VO2, and body mass index. Results suggest that a 6-month multibehavioral intervention with stress management is effective in decreasing CVD risk factors in older men.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Self-efficacy targeted treatments for weight loss in postmenopausal women.

Matching behavioral treatment programs to different types of obese clients is a rarely studied strategy, thus guidelines for identifying who might benefit most from which program remain elusive. This study categorized the weight control self-efficacy beliefs of obese, postmenopausal women, and determined the effects of self-efficacy targeted versus non-targeted (control) treatment on weight loss outcomes (body habitus, physical conditioning, affect, and eating behaviors). Obese (BMI 33 +/- 5), postmenopausal (60 +/- 6 years old) women (n = 59) participated in a 6-month weight loss program. The 37 women categorized by Q methodology as Assured (self-confident, independent) were randomized to Assured (AT) or Non-Targeted (NT) treatment; the 22 Disbelievers (doubtful, wavering) were randomized to Disbeliever (DT) or NT treatment. At baseline, the Assureds had significantly smaller body girths and reported significantly greater self-esteem, fewer symptoms of binge eating, and less negative affect overeating than the Disbelievers. Improvement in these variables with weight loss erased significant differences between the groups and was a desired outcome. Treatment delivery type may have influenced attrition rate, since significantly more Assureds dropped from NT than AT and significantly more Disbelievers dropped from DT than NT. Thus, the self-efficacy type may serve as a means to identify different types of treatment needs (flexible vs. rigid) to sustain women's adherence and success in the program. The significant weight loss outcomes for women in all groups argues for the incorporation of strategies to enhance self-efficacy but not the need for specific treatments that directly target self-efficacy types.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Depression in patients with COPD.

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can have an accompanying depression that interferes with nursing management and reduces patients' quality of life. Nurses need to understand more about that depression, how depression can be manifested and measured in older adults, and how depression in those with COPD differs from that seen in other chronic diseases. Self-report questionnaires can be used to identify depression initially and determine the need for further assessment. The DSM III-R criteria is recommended for those who wish to use a clinical evaluation tool. Treatment for the depression seen in COPD can include pharmacologic therapy and life changes, as well as individual and family therapies.

Adjustment Disorders↗