Immunopathological investigation of human glioma-associated antigen (GAA) detected by monoclonal antibody.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S H Han
Publications and source records attributed to S H Han.
Localization of human colorectal carcinoma xenografts in mice using radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen.
A mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAbC27) with high affinity for human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been used in vitro and in vivo for study of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). After introduction to tumor-bearing mice, the distribution of radiolabeled MAbC27 and its F(ab')2 fragments was analyzed by direct measurement of radioactivity in the tumor and in normal organs as well as by whole-body scanning. Radiolabeled MAbC27 and its F(ab')2 were used successfully in localizing tumor xenografts in mice 40 and 20 hr after inoculation, respectively. A tumor as small as 60 mg (4.2 mm in diameter) was visualized by labeled F(ab')2. Circulating CEA, up to 200 micrograms per mouse did not prevent successful tumor imaging. This study indicates that the MAbC27 is highly useful in detection and localization of CRC in mice.
Animals↗
[Variation of blood pressure and pulse rate on the surgical extraction of the lower wisdom tooth].
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Adult↗
Production of hepatitis B virus in vitro by transient expression of cloned HBV DNA in a hepatoma cell line.
Transfection of human hepatoma cell lines with cloned HBV DNA resulted in the secretion of large amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and core-related antigens (HBc/HBeAg) if well-differentiated cell lines were employed. Synthesis of both viral antigens was the highest in cell line HuH-7 and continued for approximately 25 days. Particles resembling hepatitis B virions (Dane particles) by morphology, density and by the presence of the preS1 surface antigen were released from the transfected HuH-7 cells into the culture medium. These particles produced in vitro were also indistinguishable from the naturally occurring hepatitis B virions in containing the virus-associated DNA polymerase and mature HBV genomes. Restriction analysis of these DNA molecules was compatible with the nucleotide sequence of the transfecting HBV DNA sequence. Viral surface antigens and core proteins present in the culture medium were fractionated and characterized by immunoprecipitation and SDS--PAGE after labeling with [35S]methionine. Antisera specific for X-gene products identified in cell extracts two hitherto unknown HBV gene products. This system thus provides a new approach to open questions regarding HBV-related gene function and HBV replication.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Presence of episomal and integrated human papillomavirus DNA sequences in cervical carcinoma.
Thirty surgical samples of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix obtained from Chinese women were analysed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 using Southern blot hybridization procedure. HPV16 was detected in 53% while HPV18 was found in only 6% of the samples analyzed. When compared with other reports, variation in the geographic distribution of these two HPV types in association with cervical carcinoma is noted. Thirty-seven and a half percent of the HPV16-positive samples contained this HPV type in episomal form and an equal number in cellular DNA-integrated form. The simultaneous presence of both episomal and integrated forms was found in the remaining 25% of the positive samples. The two HPV18-positive cases harbored only episomal viral genome and were not superinfected by HPV16. Analysis of the HPV16 integration samples showed that single integration events had probably occurred and some of the viral sequences had been lost on or subsequent to integration.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Hepatitis B virus infection of cord blood leukocytes.
The presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum and leukocytes obtained from the peripheral blood of 24 mothers and from the cord blood of their newborns was determined by hybridization procedures. HBV DNA was not detected in the serum and leukocytes of six HBsAg-, HBeAg-negative and two HBsAg-positive, HBeAg-negative mothers and their newborn infants. Among the 16 HBsAg-positive carrier mothers, HBV DNA was found in 13 cases (81%) in the serum and in two cases (12%) in leukocytes. Though the viral DNA was not present in sera, it was detected in two of the 16 cord blood leukocyte samples. In follow-up studies, these two infants did not seroconvert up to 15 months of age and they became carriers with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels. The results suggest that HBV may be transmitted vertically and such in utero infection may have resulted in immune tolerance leading to a carrier state.
Alanine Transaminase↗
Integration of human papillomavirus type 16 into cellular DNA of cervical carcinoma: preferential deletion of the E2 gene and invariable retention of the long control region and the E6/E7 open reading frames.
The integration patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 in the cellular DNA of six cervical carcinoma samples were analyzed by the Southern blot procedure. None of the HPV integrants retained the entire viral genome. Double HPV integration was found in one case while all other cases were single integrants. In some samples, internal deletion and selective amplification of the viral sequences were observed. On integration, the E2 open reading frame (ORF) was invariably lost but the E6/E7 ORFs and the long control region of the HPV-16 genome were retained in all seven integrations analyzed and may play a role in cellular transformation and/or maintenance of the transformed phenotype.
Base Sequence↗
In vivo localisation of human urinary bladder carcinoma xenograft in nude mice using radiolabelled monoclonal antibody.
Monoclonal antibody 1G3.10 (mouse IgG3) against the human urinary bladder carcinoma TSGH-8301 was isolated from hybridoma ascites and labelled with radioiodine. The antibody reacts with a cell surface antigen preferentially expressed in human bladder carcinoma. Binding studies in vitro demonstrated that its specificity for antigen was retained after iodination. The clearance of the radiolabelled monoclonal antibody was not modified by the presence of the tumour. In vivo localisation of the radiolabelled antibody and control normal IgG to tumour xenograft was determined by counting the tissue radioactivity and by external gamma ray scintigraphy with computer analysis of the region of interest at various times after the intravenous injection of radiolabelled antibodies. Maximum tumour-to-blood radioactivity (4.5) was obtained 4 days after antibody injection. There was no tumour localisation of radiolabelled normal IgG. Specificity of the localisation was also confirmed by using a non-reactive colon carcinoma xenograft. Distinct tumour images were obtained without the use of subtraction techniques. These studies of human bladder tumour localisation using this monoclonal antibody show its obvious potential for clinical use.
Animals↗
Immunotherapy of xenografted human bladder cancer in nude mice using monoclonal antibody.
A murine monoclonal antibody with IgG3 isotype and k-light chains has been produced against a human bladder cancer cell line, TSGH-8301. Radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescent staining revealed that the highly reactive tumor-associated antigen was located on the cell surface of TSGH-8301 transitional cell carcinoma cells. The monoclonal antibody possessed direct and complement-mediated cytotoxicity to TSGH-8301 cancer cells as shown by in vitro microcytotoxicity test. Further trials on the immunotherapy of xenografted tumors in nude mice using the monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy was dose-dependent and closely related to tumor burden.
Animals↗
Natural killer cell activity in patients with urologic cancer.
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with urologic cancer was studied using the K562 cell line as target cell by a 4-hour chromium-51 release assay. Lysis of target cells by mononuclear cells of a healthy subject, over an 8-hour incubation period, demonstrated a linear function of incubation time and effector:target ratio. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was found decreased (mean 30.6%) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 42 untreated patients with urologic cancer when compared to 20 healthy subjects (63.6%) and to 10 patients with varicocele, stone disease and benign prostatic hypertrophy (58.1%; p less than 0.05). There was no correlation between NK cell activity and the grade or stage status in bladder cancer patients. No age-dependent changes in NK cell activity could be found between young and aged groups of healthy subjects. Healthy male subjects have higher levels of NK cell activity (77.7%) than healthy female subjects (49.5%). Postoperative NK activity rose in 5 out of 6 cancer patients. It indicates that tumors may have an inhibitory effect on the surveillance activity of NK cells.
Adult↗
The mechanisms of inhibitory effects of liver extract on lymphocyte proliferation. I. The extracellular mechanism of the inhibition.
Liver aqueous extract (LEx) can powerfully inhibit phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. The extracellular mechanism of inhibition by LEx was studied. There are three possibilities. (1) The possibility of extracellular inactivation of PHA by LEx was excluded by incubating cells with PHA first, followed by washing, and then incubating cells with LEx. The result was that LEx was still able to inhibit cell proliferation completely. (2) The possibility of competition for cell surface PHA receptors by LEx was excluded by the above experiments plus the use of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to remove surface-bound PHA. Following this treatment, LEx was still able to inhibit cell proliferation completely. (3) The possibility of arginase-induced arginine depletion resulting in lymphocyte suppression was supported by the following experiments. Cells were incubated in media in which arginine was depleted either by reacting with LEx, and the media were afterwards bound with anti-arginase antibody, or by amino acid constituted media without arginine. The degrees of proliferation inhibition were similar in both treatments. These results indicate the important role of arginine-depletion by LEx, and may account for the LEx-induced lymphocyte inhibition.
Animals↗
[Monoclonal antibodies against human immunoglobulin M].
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Animals↗
Monoclonal antibodies against human esophageal carcinoma cell lines.
Two monoclonal antibodies, designated 4C4 and 4G1, were produced by immunization of BALB/c mice with a human esophageal carcinoma cell line, CE69T/VGH, followed by fusion of the spleen cells from an immunized mouse with myeloma cells NS-1. 4C4 showed strong binding activity to three human esophageal carcinoma cell lines and one human hepatoma cell line, but not to any other cell lines tested. 4G1 reacted with three human esophageal carcinoma cell lines and four other cell lines. By peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining, 4C4 and 4G1 detected antigens of the epithelial cells on 10 pairs of esophageal carcinoma and normal esophageal specimens. 4G1 recognized a CE69T/VGH antigen with a molecular weight of 180K. Since 4G1 also reacted with purified carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and immunoprecipitated 125I-CEA, 4G1 seems to be an antibody recognizing CEA produced by CE69T/VGH cells. Since 4C4 also bound to the epithelial cells of normal uterine, vaginal, breast and liver tissues, it seems to recognize an epithelial antigen, and can be used to characterize the antigen in the specialization or differentiation of epithelial cells.
Animals↗
Immunohistochemical studies of colorectal carcinoma with a monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen.
Immunoperoxidase localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on tissue sections of colorectal carcinoma using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against CEA. CEA has been demonstrated in 20 out of 22 rectum carcinomas (90.9%), in all of 23 colonic carcinomas, in none of 4 hyperplastic polyps and in 2 out of 6 adenomatous polyps (33.3%). CEA was found more often, and the intensity of the staining was stronger in well-differentiated carcinomas than in moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas. No correlation was found between the presence of CEA in colorectal carcinoma and the stages of the disease. The mean values of serum CEA in patients with colorectal carcinoma and polyps with negative, weakly and strongly positive staining were 5.4 +/- 3.9 ng/ml, 28.3 +/- 23.8 ng/ml and 99.8 +/- 145.3 ng/ml respectively. Elevation of serum CEA occurred in 30 out of 39 (78.9%) cases with strongly positive CEA staining, in 4 out of 6 (66.7%) with weakly positive and in 1 out 9 (11.1%) with negative staining. A significant difference was found in serum CEA activity between the group with negative CEA staining and positive CEA staining (P less than 0.01). Our results suggest that the monoclonal antibody (MAb C27) can be used for the localization of CEA in conventionally prepared tissues of colorectal carcinomas by immunoperoxidase techniques for routine immunopathological diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Modulation of lymphocyte proliferation by murine liver extract.
Murine liver extract (LEx) purified by ammonium sulfate (45-70% saturation) possesses a strong inhibitory effect on human lymphocyte proliferation. We have shown that the inhibitory effect of LEx is not via a cytotoxic effect and that it is proportional to the length of incubation with LEx. Mitogen-prestimulated lymphocytes are more resistant to LEx inhibition than cells not prestimulated. B cells stimulated by PWM are more susceptible to LEx-induced inhibition than PHA- or Con A-stimulated T cells. In Con A cultures, there may be a population of cells more resistant to LEx inhibition. This population is not yet identified. The degree of reversibility of LEx inhibition was different in cells prestimulated by different mitogens. The inhibitory activity of LEx decreased in the presence of an increasing number of cells in the culture.
Animals↗
Aqueous-organic solvent extraction of water-insoluble protein from ragweed pollen.
A water-insoluble material was obtained from either short ragweed (Ambrosia elatior) or false ragweed (Franseria acanthicarpa) pollen extracted by organic solvent (50% N,N-dimethylformamide). Further investigation of this water-insoluble material showed it contained at least five proteins. Two of them were isolated and shown to possess antigenicity as well as allergenicity. RFA2 contains carbohydrate and is a glycoprotein. RFB2 not only possesses antigenic determinants found in the water-soluble antigens AgE, AgK and Ra3, but also contains a separate and unique antigenic determinant. Immunodiffusion tests of RFB2, isolated from false ragweed and short ragweed, showed immunological identity. This communication further supports the suggestion that aqueous-organic solvent systems may be useful for the extraction of the biologically-active protein components from short ragweed pollen which can not be obtained with the currently used standard aqueous buffer system.
Allergens↗
Analysis of six distinct integrated hepatitis B virus sequences cloned from the cellular DNA of a human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Six distinct hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrations and the flanking cellular sequences were cloned from a hepatoma DNA preparation. None of the cloned fragments retains the entire HBV sequences but the surface antigen (HBsAg) gene and the HBV enhancer are retained in three of the six clones. The other three clones carry only short and possibly highly rearranged HBV genomic sequences and seem to contain some GC-rich clusters. Members of the repetitive Alu family are also found in the vicinity of five of the six integration regions which may have contributed to genome instability. In these six clones, the preferred integration sites are shown to lie within the single-strand region of the HBV genome. None of the clones carries in the flanking cellular sequences any of the 17 oncogenes tested, although the possibility still exists that an oncogene may be found on the side of the genome which has not been cloned. This work thus paves the way for detailed sequence analysis of virus-host junctions, for transfection studies of the HBV integration events, and for a search of genes in the flanking cellular sequences which may have been activated by the retained HBV enhancer using the clones described.
Base Sequence↗
Hepatitis B virus transcripts in a human hepatoma cell line, Hep 3B.
Hep 3B, a human hepatoma cell line was examined for its RNA hybridizable to the hepatitis B virus sequence. Using probes that covered different regions of the hepatitis B virus genome, five species of RNA were observed of sizes 4.0, 3.3, 2.9, 2.6 and 2.2 kilobases. The RNAs covered surface antigen gene, pre-S and X regions. None of them had a core antigen sequence. RNA with a 4.0 kilobase size was the most abundant. Using S1 nuclease analysis, its 5' end of hepatitis B virus sequence was mapped at pre-S region and its 3' end of viral sequence was mapped at DR region.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗