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Biomedical subjects

S H Curry

Publications and source records attributed to S H Curry.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Early unwanted effects of fluphenazine esters related to plasma fluphenazine concentrations in schizophrenic patients.

Seven outpatients already receiving neuroleptic drugs by depot intramuscular injections were treated in two consecutive 3-week periods with 25 mg fluphenazine doses as enanthate and decanoate esters in a double-blind crossover study. They were assessed for incidence of akinesia, involuntary movement, autonomic disturbances and drowsiness, using a rating scale, and their blood pressures and pulse rates were recorded. Blood was collected for plasma fluphenazine and plasma prolactin assay. Additionally, a handwriting test was applied. A higher incidence of unwanted drug effects occurred when plasma fluphenazine concentrations were maximal, but this was not so with prolactin concentrations. No significant blood pressure changes occurred. Small increases in pulse rate and decreases in handwriting length occurred, but these changes were not associated with high fluphenazine levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cimetidine interaction with amitriptyline.

The interaction of cimetidine with amitriptyline was assessed by means of amitriptyline and nortriptyline plasma concentration measurements, standing blood pressure and pulse rate, digit symbol substitution, and visual analogue scales. Cimetidine increased plasma amitriptyline concentrations and decreased plasma nortriptyline concentrations, apparently by inhibiting presystemic metabolism. The changes in blood pressure, pulse rate and digit symbol substitution correlated with changes in concentrations of amitriptyline in plasma and expected changes based on a dose ranging preliminary experiment. Changes in subjective ratings of effects correlated with changes in nortriptyline concentrations in plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Plasma concentrations and metabolic effects of intravenous sodium dichloroacetate.

Eleven healthy subjects received five doses of intravenous sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) at 2-hr intervals. Determinations of DCA in plasma and of lactate and glucose in blood were made at various times until 24 hr after starting the first infusion. Twenty-four-hour urinary oxalate excretion was also measured. DCA levels rose and fell during and after each dose, with higher levels induced by higher doses. Lactate levels fell as the result of DCA treatment, with greater falls after higher doses, and returned to normal after 24 hr at the two lower dose levels but not at the level of 50 mg/kg. Lactate levels did not change parallel to changes in DCA levels. Only the doses of 50 mg/kg prevented postprandial rises in lactate levels. Blood glucose levels were not altered. The mean DCA t1/2 after the initial doses was 63.3 min (range 15.0 to 112.2 min), while that after the final doses was 374.0 min (range 37.8 to 1386.0 min). The AUC and the DCA-induced increase in urinary oxalate excretion were linearly related to dose. Mean DCA apparent volume of distribution was 0.30 l/kg (range 0.09 to 0.60 l/kg).

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

The strategy and value of neuroleptic drug monitoring.

The concept of monitoring neuroleptic drugs by means of chemical or pharmacological assays is considered from a historical and strategic point of view. The objectives of compliance control, reduction of long-term exposure, titration to a therapeutic range, and solution of medicolegal problems are separately considered. The relative merits of chemically specific (mainly chromatographic) and clinically specific (radioreceptor) assays are considered. An algorithm for interpretation of a neuroleptic concentration measurement is presented.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of equilibrium dialysis volume shifts: a comment.

Previous authors have presented in this journal an equation defining the fractional shift in volume (fs) as a general equation implying applicability to a wide variety of circumstances. The equation concerned actually applies only when the starting volumes before dialysis are equal. A better general definition is given by fs = (volume shift)/(starting volume of protein solution).

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1984

Plasma nitroglycerin concentrations and hemodynamic effects of sublingual, ointment, and controlled-release forms of nitroglycerin.

After a sublingual test dose, 12 healthy men aged 21 to 29 yr were treated with controlled-release transdermal nitroglycerin skin patches designed to deliver 10 mg/day nitroglycerin and with nitroglycerin ointment (2%) (1-in amount from the tube spread over 50 cm2) for 24 hr in a double-blind crossover study. Assessment was by measurement of nitroglycerin in plasma, blood pressure, and pulse rate. The mean plasma concentration of nitroglycerin during ointment dosing was approximately 200% to 400% that during skin patch dosing. Levels during ointment dosing were closer to those from sublingual dosing than were those during skin patch dosing. Blood pressure and pulse rate changes were much the same during both transdermal treatments. Calculations showed that delivery of nitroglycerin from the skin patches would have to be over 40 to 80 cm2 of the skin to achieve nitroglycerin exposure of the order of that induced by 1 in of ointment spread over 50 cm2 or from sublingual dosing.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Amikacin sulfate in mares: pharmacokinetics and body fluid and endometrial concentrations after repeated intramuscular administration.

Six mares were given 5 IM injections (at 12-hour intervals between doses) of amikacin sulfate at a dosage of 7 mg/kg of body weight. Serum amikacin concentrations were measured serially throughout the study; synovial, peritoneal, endometrial, and urine concentrations were determined after the last injection. Amikacin concentrations of the CSF were measured serially in 3 of the 6 mares; 1 of the 3 mares had septic meningitis. Mean serum amikacin concentrations peaked at 1 to 2 hours after IM injection. The highest mean serum concentration was 19.2 micrograms/ml (1.5 hours after the 5th injection). The highest mean synovial concentration was 10.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after the 5th injection; the highest mean peritoneal concentration was 16.2 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after the 5th injection. The mean endometrial amikacin concentration was 2.5 micrograms/g (1.5 hours after the 5th injection). Amikacin reached a CSF concentration of 0.97 micrograms/ml in the mare with meningitis, but amikacin was not detected in CSF of healthy mares. Urine concentrations reached 1,458 micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic values were estimated after the 1st injection (elimination rate constant = 0.31/hour; half-life = 2.3 hours; apparent volume of distribution = 0.26 L/kg), and after the 5th injection (elimination rate constant = 0.28/hour; half-life = 2.6 hours; apparent volume of distribution = 0.30 L/kg); significant differences were not observed.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of lactic acidosis with dichloroacetate.

We administered dichloroacetate, which prevents or reverses hyperlactatemia in animals and lowers plasma lactate levels in human beings, to 13 patients with lactic acidosis of various causes. All had hypotension, and their acidemia had resisted treatment with sodium bicarbonate. The metabolic effects of dichloroacetate were evaluated in 11 patients. In seven dichloroacetate significantly reduced the level of arterial blood lactate (P less than 0.005) from the base-line value and raised the levels of arterial blood bicarbonate (P less than 0.02) and arterial pH (P less than 0.005). In six of these seven, the acidemia resolved completely with therapy. In 10 of the 13 patients systolic blood pressure increased by 10 to 40 mm Hg, and 4 patients had a 21 per cent increase in cardiac output (P less than 0.02). Despite improvement in their lactic acidemia, all patients but one died of their underlying disease. No serious drug-related toxicity occurred. We conclude that dichloroacetate is a safe and effective adjunct in the treatment of patients with lactic acidosis, although the ultimate prognosis may depend on the underlying disease.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1983

Sulpiride trial in chronic schizophrenia with comparison of two dosage regimens.

In a study with both open and double-blind phases, a therapeutic response to sulpiride was first established in 18 chronic schizophrenic inpatients. Following this, two dosage regiments, a morning only dose, and the same daily total dose in two equal fractions at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., were compared using a balanced design, crossover, placebo controlled study. Clinical effects were evaluated by means of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). There was a significant reduction in the mean BPRS score in all phases of the study. There was no significant difference between the mean BPRS scores resulting from the two dosage regimens. The study indicated that the two dosage regimens were equally efficacious.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Stability of cimetidine hydrochloride in admixtures after microwave thawing.

The stability of cimetidine hydrochloride in admixtures subjected to freezing and subsequent microwave thawing was studied. Admixtures containing cimetidine 300 mg were prepared using 18 50-ml bags of 5% dextrose injection and 18 100-ml bags of 0.9% sodium chloride injection. A sample for analysis of pH and drug concentration was withdrawn from each bag, and all admixtures were frozen for 28 days. Nine admixtures of each solution were thawed at room temperature and the other nine in a microwave oven until a final solution temperature of 24 +/- 2 degrees C was reached. An additional five cimetidine admixtures in 0.9% sodium chloride injection were prepared and irradiated in the microwave oven until boiling occurred for five seconds. Samples of all admixture solutions were withdrawn within 30 minutes of thawing and again at 24 +/- 2 hours after thawing to determine pH and cimetidine concentration. Concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Admixtures pH after thawing did not vary substantially from baseline values. A significant difference in cimetidine concentration for each solution was observed between samples drawn at 0 and 24 hours after thawing; drug concentrations in 5% dextrose increased by 5.9% while those in 0.9% sodium chloride decreased by 1.5%. Thawing method had no significant effect on drug concentration in either admixture solution. In the solutions and drug concentrations tested, microwave thawing did not affect cimetidine stability. Increases in cimetidine concentrations in 5% dextrose solution may have been attributable to greater insensible water losses produced by heating of the small 50-ml bags.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1982

Liquid chromatographic assay of phenothiazine, thioxanthene and butyrophenone neuroleptics and antihistamines in blood and plasma with conventional and radial compression columns and UV and electrochemical detection.

An assay strategy for determining a wide range of phenothiazine, thioxanthene and butyrophenone neuroleptics and antihistamines both alone and in combination in blood and plasma is described. The general method employs liquid chromatography with both conventional and radial compression nitrile bonded columns. Detection is by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry or by amperometry depending on the concentrations to be measured. Ultraviolet absorption is suitable down to 10 ng/ml. Below this level amperometry is preferable. The various compounds are used as internal standards for each other. The lower limit of detection is approximately 0.1 ng ml-1 with 10-ml sample. The with-run coefficient of variation is a maximum of 7.3%.

Antipsychotic Agents↗