Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S Gupta.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Evaluation of Manning's criteria in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome.

Six symptoms of Manning et al are widely used in clinical practice to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We studied 123 patients to evaluate the diagnostic value of Manning's criteria, using a preformed bowel symptom questionnaire which included these six symptoms. This study included 65 patients with IBS, 35 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, 23 patients with organic diseases of colon and 45 healthy controls. Sensitivity of presence of three or more symptoms of Manning's criteria discriminating irritable bowel syndrome from all other groups was 66.1%. Manning's criteria discriminated irritable bowel syndrome from organic diseases of colon with specificity and positive predictive value of 66.9% and 82.6%. When irritable bowel syndrome was compared with non-ulcer dyspepsia and healthy controls, specificities of Manning's criteria were 91.4% and 93.3% and positive predictive values 93.4% and 93.4% respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Platelet serotonin kinetics in acute myocardial infarction before and after thrombolysis.

Platelet count, platelet serotonin uptake and platelet serotonin content were analysed in 21 subjects consisting of 11 patients of evolving acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 10 matched healthy controls before and after administration of streptokinase. Platelet counts were significantly reduced in AMI with a subsequent rise following thrombolysis. Platelet 5-HT uptake was also significantly increased in AMI and following thrombolysis, it showed a trend towards normalization. Platelet 5-HT content was significantly increased in AMI with no further significant change following thrombolysis. The results suggest that platelet activation as revealed by reduced platelet count and altered platelet serotonin kinetics, occurs in AMI and this activation is inhibited following thrombolysis. Further, it is also apparent that it is not the reperfusion but the thrombolytic agent that is responsible for inhibition of platelet activation.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of kala-azar in Malda district (West Bengal).

An immunological test based on indirect (plate) ELISA has been successfully standardized and modified using promastigote soluble antigen. The test carried out on 813 subjects from a kala-azar endemic area (including parasitologically confirmed patients, subjects presenting with clinical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis and endemic controls) and a non-endemic area (with diseases other than kala-azar and apparently normal subjects) was found to detect, specifically, antileishmanial antibodies. The plate ELISA has been simplified to a more sensitive dot-ELISA where the results are read within 2-3 h. The antigen requirement is 250 ng per test. No cross-reactivity with sera from patients of malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, amoebiasis and filariasis was observed. The follow up monitoring of antibodies in successfully treated kala-azar patients showed a decline of antibodies. A drop of blood taken on filter paper is sufficient to conduct the test. Dot ELISA therefore is a simple, inexpensive and stable test in serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Signal transduction defect in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS-related complex.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-related complex (ARC), and heterosexual controls were stimulated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or both and 3H thymidine incorporation and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha; CD25; Tac antigen) expression were measured. In addition, basal plasma membrane potential and plasma membrane potential following anti-CD3 stimulation were compared between the three groups. A significantly reduced DNA synthesis and CD25 expression was observed in both AIDS and ARC upon stimulation with anti-CD3 or PMA. Although, a significant synergism was observed with anti-CD3 plus PMA stimulation in both AIDS and ARC, and the responses were normalized to the levels of anti-CD3 or PMA response in normal control, the levels were significantly lower than those observed with anti-CD3 plus PMA in controls. Plasma membrane potentials were decreased (membrane depolarized) in both ARC and AIDS (AIDS > ARC), and anti-CD3 had no effect on further depolarization of plasma membrane in AIDS. These data suggest a defect in signal transduction pathway in patients with HIV-1 infection.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1993

Screening for genital chlamydial infection in symptomatic women.

During a two year period, the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection was assessed by Papanicolaou and Giemsa cytology of endocervical specimens from 396 women attending a gynaecology outpatient department in a Delhi hospital, with symptoms of lower genital tract infection and primary or secondary infertility. The results of cytological examination were confirmed by isolation in a cell culture system. Prevalence was found to be 41 per cent (93 of 227) in patients presenting with vaginal discharge and 36 per cent (61 of 169) in infertility women. Genital chlamydial infection is prevalent in gynaecological patients in this region.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1993

Involvement of oxygen free radicals in the action of BN 52021 (PAF antagonist) to limit myocardial infarct size.

The ability of a PAF antagonist, BN 52021, to limit myocardial infarct size in rat was assessed. Anesthetized rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation for 72 h and infarct size was measured macroscopically using TTC staining. Systolic blood pressure and ECG were monitored. BN 52021 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg i.v.) markedly reduced the infarct size, prevented the loss of R wave, an electrophysiological parameter of ischemic injury, reduced elevated serum MDA levels and demonstrated an inhibition of luminal-enhanced chemiluminescence. There was no marked change in glutathione peroxidase activity with BN 52021 treatment measured at various time intervals after coronary artery ligation. The beneficial effect of BN 52021 on ischemic injury may be due to specific inhibition of PAF-induced activation of neutrophils and consequent decreased amount of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Immunological study in pleural effusion.

Thirty patients of pleural effusion (25 tubercular, 5 malignant) were studied for enumeration of T and B cell percentage in pleural fluid (PF) and peripheral blood (PB) along with estimation of IgG, IgA and IgM. Ten healthy subjects were taken as controls. T cell percentage was significantly low and B cell percentage high in the PB of patients with effusion compared with controls. Comparing malignancy and tuberculosis patients it was seen that in both T cells in PF were higher and B cells lower compared with their respective values in PB. Significantly increased percentage of T cells in PF indicates either an active sequestration in PF or the presence of suppressor adherent cells in PB. However, T and B cell percentage in PB and PF were not significantly different in the two study groups. PB immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels in patients were higher as compared to those in the controls, without significant difference in their levels in the two study groups. Ratio of PF/PB values for various immunoglobulins was less than unity but a cut-off point of 0.6 for IgG & IgA and 0.5 for IgM worked out as pointer for differentiating between malignant and tubercular effusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The role of peroral fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of parapharyngeal lesions--a study of 51 cases.

The utility of peroral fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of 51 parapharyngeal lesions was studied from January, 1986 till May, 1991. The age of the patients ranged from 6 years to 85 years. Analysis of results showed 9 inflammatory lesions, 22 benign tumours and 20 malignant tumours. Correlation with histopathology showed diagnostic accuracy of 90.2% with no false positive report. Review of FNAC of head and neck lesions showed hardly any publication on aspiration cytology of parapharyngeal masses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of aerosolised verapamil and nifedipine in bronchial asthma.

Twenty patients of bronchial asthma were given 5 mg of either nifedipine or verapamil as aerosol therapy in a randomized fashion. Both drugs showed a statistically significant improvement in FVC, PEFR at zero hours lasting through 90-120 minutes. Changes in respiratory rate, pulse rate, blood pressure were insignificant with verapamil while appreciable tachycardia and transient fall in BP occurred with nifedipine therapy.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Hepatocyte transplantation: an alternative system for evaluating cell survival and immunoisolation.

To evaluate systems for barrier immunoisolation of transplanted hepatocytes, we used transgenic mouse hepatocytes that secrete HBsAg. Hepatocytes were rapidly encapsulated in chitosan, a cationic polymer derived by deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan was allowed to electrostatically bond with anionic sodium alginate for creating an outer bipolymer membrane of the capsules. After encapsulation, hepatocyte viability remained unchanged for seven days in vitro with secretion of HBsAg into the culture medium throughout this period. Following intraperitoneal transplantation of encapsulated hepatocytes, HBsAg promptly appeared in blood of recipients. In congeneic recipients, serum HBsAg peaked at two weeks. Hepatocytes were present in recovered chitosan capsules and expressed HBsAg mRNA. In allogeneic recipients, however, serum HBsAg disappeared within one week and recovered chitosan capsules showed lymphomononuclear cells but not hepatocytes. Transplantation of chitosan encapsulated HbsAg secreting hepatocytes failed to induce an anti-HBs response, suggesting modulation of the host immune response. These results indicate that transplantation systems using genetically modified hepatocytes which secrete gene products in the blood of recipients should facilitate evaluation of hepatocyte encapsulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Hepatic involvement in tuberculosis.

Seventy one cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (confirmed by clinical, sputum examination, Skiagram, lymph node or other organ biopsy) and 13 cases of PUO suspected to be tubercular in origin were included in the study. Besides, thorough clinical workup, LFTs and liver biopsy were also done in all cases. LFT alterations were seen in only 5 (7%) cases of tuberculosis while in PUO group, 3 (23%) cases showed deranged LFT. In all, alteration in SGOT/SGPT was most frequent observation. In Liver biopsy, histopathological changes were seen in 63 percent (45 out of 71) of cases of tuberculosis and in 46.16 percent cases of PUO. In tubercular cases, various abnormalities observed were caseating granulomas: 18.30 percent, nonspecific inflammatory infiltration: 25.32 percent, focal Kupffer cell hyperplasia: 11.2 percent and fatty changes: 8.45 percent. Four of the PUO cases, showing Kupffer cell hyperplasia and non-specific inflammatory infiltration responded to antituberculous therapy. Thus it is surmised that though the caseating granuloma is the hallmark of tuberculosis, but nonspecific inflammatory hepatitis and retothelial tubercle nodules may be the forerunner in the evolution of granuloma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Protective role of metallothionein in nickel induced oxidative damage.

Recent studies have focussed on the role of thiol rich proteins especially metallothionein (MT) in the therapeutic interventions against oxidative damage. In our previous communication we showed that reactive oxygen species arising via Fenton's reactions are the proximal lipid oxidant during nickel-toxicity. The purpose of the present communication is to evaluate the role of zinc, cadmium or silver-metallothioneins on the protection against nickel-induced peroxidative damage. Our results demonstrate that Zn-MT provided maximum protection against nickel-induced mortality in mice and also served as an efficient antagonist in inhibiting nickel-mediated lipid peroxidation compared to Cd-MT or Ag-MT. Zn-MT also provided protection against iron (II)-ascorbate induced microsomal lipid peroxidation and reversed nickel-mediated inhibition of calcium sequenstration. We conclude that Zn-MT could serve as an excellent physiological antioxidant against nickel-mediated oxidative.

Animals↗