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Biomedical subjects

S Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S Gupta.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Response of the postnatal rat epididymis to estrogen & antiestrogens.

The effect of androgen and estrogen antagonists on estrogen induced responses in the epididymis of rat was studied. Estradiol benzoate administered to male rates on day 5 of life increased the epididymal weight, absolute volume density of fibromuscular stroma and its eosinophilic leucocyte numbers. Testosterone administration (day 5 life) alone did not have any stimulatory effect on the epididymis as an organ or its peroxidase activity on days 15 or 20 of life. On the other hand, testosterone/85/287 negated estradiol induced increase in the absolute volume density, eosinophilic leucocyte accumulation and peroxidase activity. Tamoxifen (Tam) with inherent estrogenic activity acted both as an agonist and an antagonist. Results of present studies support the contention that nonsteroidal antiestrogens (CDRI-85/287 and Tam) can modulate estradiol induced epididymal responses during the postnatal period of male rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Reconstruction of scleroderma of the breast.

Although limited to a single case, our study suggests that patients with localized scleroderma of the breast can incur developmental impairment leading to severe breast deformity. The results of any of several methods of breast reconstruction were not available to us for review because of the rarity of this clinical problem. Tissue expansion allowed our patient to avoid the additional scarring and possible functional loss associated with the transfer of autologous tissues. Its successful completion in this one patient indicates that it can be considered for other patients encountered with similar unusual findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Perforating BB gun injuries of the globe.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the visual and anatomic outcomes of eyes with perforating BB gun injuries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the surgical management and final visual outcome of seven patients with BB gun-related perforating injuries of the globe seen by them between 1980 and 1995. Six patients underwent surgery, and one patient refused intervention and was lost to follow-up. Scleral buckles, lensectomies, and vitrectomies were performed in these six cases. RESULTS: Five patients had a final visual acuity of 5/200 or better, with four patients achieving 20/200 or better and two of them having 20/70 or better. A posterior perforation involving the macula or an area temporal to the macula was associated with poor visual outcome. The visual acuity and the relative afferent pupillary defect at presentation or after the initial repair did not correlate with the final visual outcome. In addition, the presence of subretinal blood did not necessarily portend a poor prognosis in these young patients. CONCLUSIONS: At least some eyes with perforating injuries can retain good visual acuity with aggressive surgical management using modern vitrectomy techniques. Visual acuity should not necessarily be used as the only exclusion criterion for intervention or enucleation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Correlation of elevated levels of maternal serum beta-hCG in pregnancy induced hypertension and pregnancy outcomes in these patients.

This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 105 cases of pregnancy hypertension and 100 normotensive mothers in third trimester of pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the elevated levels of maternal serum beta-hCG (MS-beta-hCG) with type and severity of hypertension and adverse pregnancy outcomes in these patients. Elevated levels were noted in 48.6% cases of pregnancy hypertension compared to controls, where the levels were elevated in 2% cases (P < 0.001). Elevated levels were more commonly seen in proteinuric pregnancy induced hypertension (32.4%) and also when the hypertension was severe (30.4%). The results of this study establish a strong association of elevated MS-beta-hCG levels with pregnancy hypertension and poor pregnancy outcomes in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Combined percutaneous-endoscopic approach for biliary endoprosthesis placement.

A nonoperative method of palliation was used in four patients with malignant obstructive jaundice in whom biliary endoprosthesis could not be placed endoscopically. A guide wire was manipulated through the lesion by a percutaneous transhepatic route and retrieved from the duodenum through an endoscope. A 10 Fr stent was then passed through the endoscope over the guide wire across the stricture. The procedure was successful in all four patients, with no complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Molecular biology of ageing.

The process of deterioration or ageing of functions that occurs in all organisms after the attainment of reproductive ability is the sum total of the decline in activity of various organs. The functions of different organs begin to deteriorate at different times of the life span and at different rates. It is believed that different genes are involved in the ageing of different organs. Studies on isoenzyme patterns of enzymes show that the genes responsible for coding of different subunits of the enzymes are sequentially expressed during the life span. Also, the decrease in the levels of enzymes seen after adulthood is reversible and can be raised to adult level by inducing their genes by steroid hormones. Another factor that contributes to the decrease in the levels of enzymes is increasing compaction of the chromatin that houses the genes as seen from digestion of chromatin by DNase I and MNase. This decreases the rate of transcription of genes. The expression of many genes declines after adulthood which is due to the decrease in trans-acting nuclear proteins that bind to specific cis-acting sequences in the promoter regions of genes. These proteins are inducible by steroid hormones. Hence the deterioration of functions that occurs after adulthood can be delayed, and the adulthood period can by prolonged by manipulation of the expression of genes.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy of alpha,beta-arteether in acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.

A phase-III clinical trial was conducted in 50 patients (42M + 8F) with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria from Delhi during the period of September to November 1995. Their mean age was 27.2 years, and the mean parasitaemia on day 0 was 0.65%. Patients were hospitalized and treated with a new ethyl derivative of artemisinin developed at CDRI called alpha, beta-arteether, at the dosage of 150 mg l/M for three consecutive days. Peripheral smears were examined every day for 4 days and then weekly up to 28 days. The results of the study showed that the mean parasite and fever clearance times were respectively 19.94 +/- 6.87 and 37.81 +/- 21.67 hours. Within 48 h, 70% of the cases became afebrile and the peripheral smear was negative in 100% of the cases. The drug was well tolerated. Three cases (6%) had recrudescence within 28 days. It is concluded that alpha, beta-arteether is a safe, effective and rapidly acting antimalarial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal and foetal outcome: a case controlled study.

A case controlled prospective study of 250 cases of hypertension complicating pregnancy (study group) and 400 normal pregnant women (control group) was carried out to determine the effect of hypertension on maternal and foetal outcome. Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 96% cases and chronic hypertension in 4% cases. Preterm delivery (28.8% versus 3%), labour induction rate (52.8% versus 3.25%), caesarean section rate (14.8% versus 3.5%), stillbirth rate (4.8% versus 0.25%) and overall perinatal mortality rate (14.8% versus 1%) were higher in study group compared to controls. In study group (40%) babies required special nursery care compared to controls (6.75%). From these results it can be concluded that maternal hypertension is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Suture splint: an alternative for luxation injuries of teeth in pediatric patients--a case report.

Stabilization of replanted tooth "splinting" is done to prevent further damage to the pulp and periodontal structure during the healing period. Suture and bonded resin splint is passive, semirigid and functional splint. It is easy to fabricate directly in mouth without lengthy laboratory procedures. A case is presented in which suture and bonded resin splint was performed on laterally luxated maxillary central incisor and avulsed lateral incisor. The splint was removed after one week and sufficient periodontal and gingival healing was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Role for cyclin A-dependent kinase in DNA replication in human S phase cell extracts.

Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases. Using in vitro replication of SV40 origin containing DNA as a model system, we have performed a detailed analysis of the dependence on cyclin-associated kinases of mammalian DNA replication. Complete immunodepletion of cyclin A from human S phase cell extracts decreases replication, and replication activity of cyclin A-depleted S phase extracts can subsequently be restored by the addition of purified CDK2-cyclin A kinase. Addition of cyclin A alone reconstitutes both kinase activity and DNA replication, whereas addition of cyclin E or cyclin B reconstitutes neither. We therefore conclude that reconstitution of DNA replication specifically correlates with an increase in kinase activity. By comparison, depletion of cyclin E from S phase cell extracts does not have any significant inhibitory effect on DNA replication. Moreover, specific p21(Waf1) mutants that bind to CDK2-cyclin and inhibit both cyclin A and cyclin E kinase activities, but do not bind to proliferating cell nuclear antigen, inhibit DNA replication to the same extent as cyclin A depletion. Together, these results show that the kinase activity associated with cyclin A, but not with cyclin E, is primarily responsible for activating SV40 plasmid replication in mammalian S phase cell extracts. Finally, we present evidence that the cyclin-dependent kinase does not influence the assembly of initiation complexes but acts at a stage prior to elongation.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21↗
PubMed1996

Assignment of human MYCN proto-oncogene to chromosome band 12q24 in higher primates.

Controversies concerning the reduction of chromosome number from 48 to 46 in humans by putative fusion of two ape chromosomes still persist. Nevertheless, abundant evidence suggests that human chromosome 2 was derived by fusion. Consequently, the recent availability of the human MYCN gene probe which was localized to 2p24.3 facilitated our search for its location in the human equivalent chromosome(s) of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). In all three species, the human MYCN gene was localized to the long arm of chromosome 12 band 12q24 which is the corresponding band equivalent of the short arm of human chromosome 2. The conservation of MYCN gene in higher primates at the equivalent chromosome locus that corresponds to that of the human provides additional prevailing view towards tracing the evolutionary pathways concerning the origin of chromosome 2, though we recognize that there are conceptual problems concerning human descent.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Abnormal expression of a 170-kilodalton P-glycoprotein encoded by MDR1 gene, a metabolically active efflux pump, in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

Peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 16 patients with HIV-1 infection, 8 each with CD4+ T cell counts of > 200/mm3 (group I) and with CD4+ T cell counts of < 200/mm3 (group II), and 8 age- and sex-matched controls, were examined for the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a 170-kDa phosphoglycoprotein encoded by the MDR1 gene, using dual-color flow cytometric analysis. The function of P-glycoprotein was assessed by the accumulation of rhodamine-123 (Rh123) dye in the presence or absence of cyclosporin A (which inhibits Rh123 efflux). A significantly increased proportion of CD4+ T cells from patients with HIV-1 infection expressed P-glycoprotein as compared to controls, resulting in a significantly increased ratio of the proportions of CD4+P-gp+/CD8+P-gp+ cells. The ratio of CD4+P-gp+/CD8+P-gp+ in group II patients was significantly higher (p = 0.02) than in group I patients, suggesting a progressive increase in P-gp expression with the advancement of HIV-1 infection. The proportions of CD4+P-gp+ and CD8+P-gp+ T cells did not differ significantly between those who received AZT and those who were not treated with AZT. Contrary to expectation, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients accumulated significantly more Rh123 as compared to controls. Furthermore, cyclosporin A failed to increase intracellular accumulation of Rh123 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients. These data suggest a functionally defective P-gp expression in HIV-1 infection that appears to increase with the progression of HIV-1 infection. A study of a large number of patients with HIV-1 infection is needed to determine the effects of opportunistic infection and antiretroviral therapy on the expression of P-gp and to determine whether the expression of P-gp could serve as another surrogate marker for the progression of HIV-1 infection.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1996

Specific interaction in vitro and in vivo of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and LA protein with cis-acting RNAs of human parainfluenza virus type 3.

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) genome RNA is transcribed and replicated by the virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and specific cellular proteins play a regulatory role in these processes. To search for cellular proteins potentially interacting with HPIV3 cis-acting regulatory RNAs, a gel mobility shift assay was used. Two cellular proteins specifically interacted with the viral cis-acting RNAs containing the genomic 3'-noncoding region and the plus-sense leader sequence region. Surprisingly, by biochemical and immunological analyses, one of the cellular proteins was identified as the key glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The other protein was characterized as the autoantigen, LA protein. Both GAPDH and LA protein also interacted with the same cis-acting RNA sequences in vivo and were found to be associated with the HPIV3 ribonucleoprotein complex in the infected cells. By double immunofluorescent labeling, GAPDH was found to be co-localized with viral ribonucleoprotein in the perinuclear region. These observations strongly suggest that cellular GAPDH and LA Protein participate in the regulation of HPIV3 gene expression.

Autoantigens↗
PubMed1996

Dioxin activates human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells by enhancing NF-kappa B activity and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Dioxin, a prevalent environmental pollutant, is known to enhance replication of viruses in animals, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Here we report that dioxin triggers human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gene expression, resulting in increased production of HIV in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells. This effect of dioxin is mediated, in part, via activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B), a key cellular transcription factor that plays an important role in the induction of HIV genes and cytokine genes that regulate HIV-replication. Dioxin stimulated the production of tumor necrosis-alpha in U1 cells, and pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, inhibited dioxin induced HIV production and TNF-alpha. These studies provide a molecular and cellular basis for increased viral replication in cells exposed to dioxin.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Role of protein kinase C-beta isozyme in activation of latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in promonocytic U1 cells by phorbol-12-myristate acetate.

Protein kinase C (PKC) appears to play a role in replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). PKC is a family of at least 12 isozymes. In this study, we investigated a role of Ca(2+)-dependent PKC isozymes (alpha, beta, and gamma) in activation of latent HIV-1 in U1, a chronically infected promonocytic cell line, using polyclonal rabbit anti-PKC isozyme antibodies as specific inhibitors. Antibodies were introduced intracellularly by electroporation and then cells were stimulated with PMA. HIV-1 production was measured as p24 antigen using ELISA and reverse transcriptase activity. Anti-PKC beta antibody significantly inhibited PMA-induced HIV-1 production, whereas antibodies against PKC alpha and gamma had no significant effect. Furthermore, anti-PKC beta antibody inhibited PMA-induced activation of NF-kappa B and HIV-1 LTR. Preincubation of anti-PKC beta antibody with its antigenic peptide reversed the inhibitory effect of anti-PKC beta antibody. This study suggest that PKC beta plays a role in PMA-induced activation of latent HIV-1.

Animals↗