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Biomedical subjects

S Grossman

Publications and source records attributed to S Grossman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

New aspects of the inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase by alpha-tocopherol. Evidence for the existence of a specific complex.

The formation of alpha-tocopherol--lipoxygenase complex was elucidated using immobilized affinity purified soybean lipoxygenase and [D-3H]alpha-tocopherol. The alpha-tocopherol--lipoxygenase complex did not dissociate on addition of linoleic acid. Iodoacetate modified immobilized lipoxygenase did not form the complex with alpha-tocopherol. Lipoxygenase attached to an aminoethyl linoleyl Sepharose column was eluted by alpha-tocopherol. DL-alpha-Tocopherol acetate at a concentration of 3 X 10(-3) M inhibited 80% of linoleate oxidation by soybean lipoxygenase. The lipoxygenase--alpha-tocopherol complex did not give the usual soybean lipoxygenase antigenic pattern in immunodiffusion. Digestion of the [3H]alpha-tocopherol--lipoxygenase complex with proteolytic enzymes showed that most of the radioactivity is incorporated into one peptide.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMed1983

Lipoxygenase from baker's yeast: purification and properties.

Lipoxygenase activity was extracted from the mitochondrial fraction of baker's yeast and was purified by affinity chromatography on a linoleyl aminoethyl sepharose column. Two lipoxygenases were eluted from the affinity column. The second enzyme eluted was characterized as a true lipoxygenase. The lipoxygenase eluted showed maximum activity at pH 6.5 with a Km of 2.68 X 10(-4) M on linoleate. The reaction products of the second lipoxygenase with linoleate were characterized by u.v., i.r., NMR spectra and mass spectrometry and were found to be: 9-hydroperoxy-octadeca-trans-10,cis-12-dienoic acid and 13-hydroperoxy-octadeca-cis-9,trans-11-dienoic acid.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗
PubMed1982

A psychoanalyst-liaison psychiatrist's overview of DSM III.

There has been a groundswell of reaction, mostly favorable, to the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. In this paper the author attempts to evaluate the Manual, which purports to provide an atheoretical and descriptive diagnostic model on its own ground, as well as from a psychodynamic and ego-psychological point of view. More specifically, the Manual is evaluated in terms of its usefulness in the diagnosis and management of the Somatoform Disorders, as well as other typical general hospital problems. This assessment raises many questions about the basic tenets of DSM III in general. Concomitantly, suggestions are made to enhance the reliability, validity, and clinical relevance of the Manual.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

Inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in BALB/c/ki mice exposed to urban air pollution.

In two separate experiments BALB/c/ki mice were exposed to urban air pollution. Mice exposed to clean air served as controls. In both experiments there were no obvious quantitative or qualitative differences in lung or liver tissue examined by light microscopy. In both experiments higher aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities and higher trace metal concentrations were observed in the mice exposed to polluted urban air. These data are interpreted in terms of health hazards of urban air pollutants.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1979

Rat testis lipoxygenase-like enzyme. Characterization of products from linoleic acid.

The linoleate oxidation products of the affinity chromatography-purified lipoxygenase-like enzyme isolated from rat testes microsomes were characterized. Three types of reaction products separated by thin-layer chromatography were generally present: polar byproducts (A and B) and hydroperoxides. The methyl hydroxystearates obtained from the enzymically produced hydroperoxides were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and showed a ratio of 67% 13-hydroxy isomer to 33% 9-hydroxy isomer. The major polar byproduct was analysed by infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry (of the toluene-p-sulphonyl derivative) and its structure was established as 13-hydroxy-12-oxo-octadec-cis-9-enoic acid. The possibility of the existence of a linoleate hydroperoxide isomerase in the affinity-purified preparation is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A case-control study of relationships of diet and other traits to colorectal cancer in American blacks.

Ninety-nine black colorectal cancer patients and 280 matched controls from hospitals and multiphasic health checkup clinics were interviewed about past dietary habits and other traits. The colon cancer cases tended to report less frequent use of foods with at least 0.5% fiber content than did their controls. This relationship, though small, showed a consistent dose-response gradient, appeared in both case-hospital control and case-multiphasic health checkup control comparisons, and could not be accounted for by the effects of other variables. Colon and rectosigmoid junction cancer patients tended to have eaten foods with at least 5% saturated fat somewhat more often than controls. When consumption of these two groups of foods was considered in combination, significantly more colon cancer patients than controls reported a high saturated fat foods-low fibrous foods eating pattern, as opposed to a low saturated fat foods-high fibrous foods diet. Statistically significant excesses of the following traits were also reported by the colorectal cancer patients: prolonged cigar smoking in men, nulliparity in women, and history of colorectal polyps.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Production of antibody against T-2 toxin.

Antibody against T-2 toxin was obtained after immunization of rabbits with bovine serum albumin-T-2 hemisuccinate conjugate. The antibody had greatest binding efficiency for T-2 toxin, less efficiency for HT-2, and least for T-2 triol. Cross-reaction of antibody with neosolaniol, T-2 tetraol, and 8-acetyl-neosolaniol was very weak. Diacetoxyscirpenol, trichodermin, vomitoxin, and verrucarin A essentially gave no cross-reaction with the antibody. The sensitivity of the binding assay for T-2 toxin detection was in the range of 1 to 20 ng per assay. Detailed methods for the preparation of the conjugate and the production of immune serum and methods for antibody determination are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Patients without communities: whose responsibility?

The authors conducted a study at an urban state hospital to determine if a patient's place of residence--within or outside the hospital's service district--was reflected in the admission rates or the quality of care received. No differences between in-district and out-of-district patients could be found on any parameter studied. The authors believe the results support the unique role of the state hospital as a facility that accepts its mandate as a referral of last resort.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1978

Lipoxygenase-like enzyme in rat testis microsomes.

Microsomes, separated from rat testes, were found capable of oxidizing linoleate and arachidonate. The enzyme activity was solubilized with 1% Triton X-100 in acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and purified by affinity chromatography. The overall purification from the starting preparation was approx. 40-fold. The affinity-purified enzyme was almost homogeneous as determined by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The enzyme was characterized as lipoxygenase-like from its spectrum, specificity, effect of linoleate on its fluorescence and linoleate oxidation products. Three types of compounds separated by thin-layer chromatography were generally present in the lipoxygenase-like enzyme reaction on linoleic acid: substrate fatty acid, polar by-products and hydroperoxides. The hydroperoxides were analyzed by infrared spectra and mass spectrometry and showed the presence of both 9- and 13-hydroxy isomers.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Myelofibrosis associated with multiple myeloma.

Two patients had both multiple myeloma and myelofibrosis. One, who had both conditions, had autopsy confirmation of diagnosis three months later. The typical picture of agnogenic myeloid metasplasia with myelofibrosis developed in the second patient almost four years after the onset of k light chain myeloma. At this time all evidence of multiple myeloma had disappeared perhaps related to cyclophosphamide therapy. We were able to find two similar cases described in the English language literature. The two conditions may be related.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Chloride-transport stimulatory factor in urine of chronically sodium-chloride loaded man.

Urinary extracts (in methylene dichloride) of subjects on high sodium-chloride (NaCl) intake produce net Cl- efflux (active transport) in isolated short-circuited frog skin. Activity is not found in the urine of NaCl-deprived normal subjects or NaCl-loaded subjects with adrenal insufficiency. These findings suggest that presence of an adrenocortical steriod which participates in adaptation to high salt intake. We describe here a lipid-soluble factor extracted from urine of chronically salt-loaded subjects which stimulates active Cl- transport in isolated frog skin. Our findings indicate that the factor is of adrenal origin and that it induces active ion transport in the direction opposite to that stimulated by the adrenal hormone, aldosterone. Aldosterone produces NaCl conservation in states of salt deprivation. We expect this new factor to produce NaCl excretion in states of excess salt ingestion.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1977

Biochemistry of lipoxygenase in relation to food quality.

A renewed interest in lipoxygenase has led to detailed studies of its isoenzymes, substrate specificity, and the nature of its reaction products. Lipoxygenase is highly specific for cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene systems such as linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid (or ester) and catalyzes the formation of the corresponding hydroperoxides with a cis,-trans-conjugated diene system. The hydroperoxides can then undergo enzymic or spontaneous degradation, producing a range of carbonyl compounds. This review will discuss the biochemical properties of this enzyme and its contribution to the quality of raw and processed food products. An attempt has been made to discuss both the desirable and undesirable effects associated with the action of lipoxygenase, citing specific food examples where appropriate.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

Piericiden A sensitivity, site 1 phosphorylation, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase during iron-limited growth of Candida utilis.

It has been reported that cells of Candida utilis, grown in continuous culture under iron-limited conditions, develop site 1 phosphorylation, without the appearance of piericidin sensitivity and without changes in the iron-sulfur centers of NADH dehydrogenase, on aeration in the presence of cycloheximide, as well as on increasing the supply of iron during growth. These findings were reinvestigated in the present study. The parameters and properties followed during these transitions were sensitivity of NADH oxidation to piericidin, presence or absence of coupling site 1, EPR signals appearing on reduction with NADH or dithionite, the specific activities of NADH oxidase, NADH-ferricyanide reductase, and NADH-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone) reductase, and the kinetic behavior of NADH dehydrogenase in the ferricyanide assay. Monitoring the rates of oxidation of NADH in submitochondrial particles with artificial oxidants, observing the kinetics of the ferricyanide assay, and measuring the concentration of iron-sulfur centers elicited by EPR permitted ascertaining the type of NADH dehydrogenase present and its relative concentration in different experimental situations. It was found that on gradually increasing the concentration of iron during continuous culture (transition from ironlimited to iron- and substrate-limited growth), as well as on aeration of iron-limited cells, coupling site 1, piericidin sensitivity, NADH-ferricyanide activity, and iron-sulfur centers 1 and 2 increased concurrently, with concomitant decline of NADH-juglone reductase activity. Cycloheximide prevented all these changes. Iron-sulfur centers 3 plus 4 underwent relatively little increase during these transitions. It is concluded that in both of these experimental conditions a replacement of the type of NADH dehydrogenase present in exponential phase cells by that characteristic of stationary phase cells occurs and that the appearance of site 1 phosphorylation, piercidin sensitivity, and iron-sulfur centers 1 plus 2, all associated with the latter enzyme, is a consequence of this replacement. No evidence was found for the development of coupling site 1 without the appearance of piericidin sensir th

Aerobiosis↗