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Biomedical subjects

S Gross

Publications and source records attributed to S Gross.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Intravenous immunoglobulin may lessen all forms of infection in patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a pediatric oncology group study.

Fifty patients with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after conditioning with high-dose cytosine arabinoside and fractionated total body irradiation. Twenty-nine received intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v.Ig) infusion, primarily to prevent cytomegalovirus infection, and 21 did not. The two groups were biologically comparable. Seven (24.5%) of the i.v.Ig-treated and 14 (66.7%) of the non-i.v.Ig-treated patients developed systemic viral, fungal or bacterial infections and/or interstitial pneumonitis (p less than 0.005), which were fatal in three and 12 cases respectively (p less than 0.001). Currently, 23 (79.3%) of the 29 i.v.Ig-treated and eight (38.1%) of the 21 non-i.v.Ig-treated patients are alive and well (p less than 0.01). We conclude that prophylactic i.v.Ig infusions may reduce the frequency of all forms of serious infection in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing allogeneic marrow transplantation, and thereby improve their survival expectation.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1987

Gonadal steroid receptors in meningiomas.

Oestrogen receptor (ER) analysis was performed in 70 meningiomas with an enzyme immunoassay, using monoclonal antibodies against human oestrogen receptor protein (oestrophilin) and with a sensitive radioligand binding assay, using 125I-oestradiol as radioligand. Low levels of ER immunoreactivity were found in tumours from 51% of patients, whereas ER binding activity was demonstrated in 40% of the meningiomas examined. In 8 (11%) tissue samples multiple binding sites for oestradiol were observed. The immunoreactive binding sites corresponded to the classical, high-affinity ER. In ligand binding studies, however, measurement of classical ER was considerably influenced by a second low-affinity, high-capacity oestrogen binding component even at low ligand concentrations. 3H-methylpromegestone and 3H-methyltrienolone, a synthetic gestagen and androgen, were used for concurrent determination of the progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) binding activity. High concentrations of PR were detected in 53 (76%), whereas moderate levels of AR binding sites were demonstrated in 33 (47%) tumours. A positive correlation between ER immunoreactivity and AR binding activity is indicative for an oestrogen regulation of AR via the ER system. The presence of gonadal steroid receptors in a large proportion of meningiomas and the tendency for a dependence of receptor concentrations on the histological subtype could have implications for tumour therapy.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Androgen receptor binding activity in meningiomas.

Analyses of androgen receptor binding activity in 54 intracranial, intraspinal, and metastatic meningiomas were performed with a specific radioligand binding technique using [3H]R 1881 as radioligand. [3H]R 5020 was used for the concurrent determination of progesterone receptor binding activity. Moderate concentrations of androgen receptors (33.4 +/- 5.4 fmol/mg protein) were detected in 35 (65%), whereas high levels of progesterone binding components (236 +/- 35 fmol/mg protein) were demonstrated in 48 (89%) tumors. The androgen receptor binding activity was positively correlated with the progesterone receptor binding activity (rs = 0.38, p less than 0.05). This relationship is suggestive of an androgen regulation of the progesterone receptor via the androgen receptor system. The presence of androgen and progesterone receptors in a large proportion of meningiomas, and the tendency for a dependence of androgen receptor and progesterone receptor binding activity on the histological subtype could have implications for tumor therapy.

Estrenes↗
PubMed1987

Estrophilin immunoreactivity versus estrogen receptor binding activity in meningiomas: evidence for multiple estrogen binding sites.

The existence of estrogen receptors in human meningiomas has long been a controversial issue. This may be explained, in part, by apparent heterogeneity of estrogen binding sites in meningioma tissue. In this study, estrogen receptors were determined in 58 meningiomas with an enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies against human estrogen receptor protein (estrophilin) and with a sensitive radioligand binding assay using 125I-labeled estradiol (125I-estradiol) as radioligand. Low levels of estrophilin immunoreactivity were found in tumors from 62% of patients, whereas radioligand binding activity was demonstrated in about 46% of the meningiomas examined. In eight (14%) tissue samples multiple binding sites for estradiol were observed. The immunoreactive binding sites correspond to the classical, high affinity estrogen receptors: the Kd for 125I-estradiol binding to the receptor was approximately 0.2 nM and the binding was specific for estrogens. The second, low affinity class of binding sites considerably influenced measurement of the classical receptor even at low ligand concentrations. The epidemiological and clinical data from patients with meningiomas, and the existence of specific estrogen receptors confirmed by immunochemical detection, may be important factors in a theory of oncogenesis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Correlation between estrophilin immunoreactivity and androgen receptor-binding activity in meningiomas.

Estrogen receptor (ER) analysis was performed with an enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies against human ER protein (estrophilin) in 70 meningiomas. [3H]methyltrienolone, a synthetic androgen, was used for concurrent determination of the androgen receptor (AR)-binding activity. Low levels of ER immunoreactivity were detected in 36 cases (51%), whereas moderately high AR-binding activity was demonstrated in 33 (47%) tumors. A positive correlation between ER immunoreactivity and AR-binding activity is indicative for an estrogen regulation of AR via the ER system. The presence of gonadal steroid receptors in a large proportion of meningiomas and the tendency for a dependence of receptor concentrations on the histological subtype could have implications for tumor therapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Estrogen receptor immunoreactivity in meningiomas. Comparison with the binding activity of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors.

Estrogen receptor (ER) analysis was performed in 70 meningioma samples by means of two assays: an enzyme immunoassay that used monoclonal antibodies against human ER protein (estrophilin), and a sensitive radioligand binding assay that used iodine-125-labeled estradiol as the radioligand. Low levels of ER immunoreactivity were found in tumors from 51% of patients, whereas ER binding activity was demonstrated in 40% of the meningiomas examined. In eight (11%) of the tissue samples, multiple binding sites for estradiol were observed. The immunoreactive binding sites corresponded to those of the classic high-affinity ER. In ligand binding studies, however, measurement of classic ER was considerably influenced by a second low-affinity high-capacity estrogen binding component, even at low ligand concentrations. Binding activity of the progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) was determined concurrently using 17 alpha-methyl-3H-promegestone (3H-R 5020) and 17 alpha-methyl-3H-trienolone (3H-R 1881), a synthetic gestagen and androgen, respectively. High concentrations of PR were detected in 53 (76%) of the tumors, whereas a moderate number of AR binding sites were demonstrated in 33 (47%) of the tumors. A positive correlation between ER immunoreactivity and AR binding activity is suggestive of estrogen regulation of AR via the ER system. The presence of gonadal steroid receptors in a large proportion of meningiomas and the tendency toward a dependence of receptor concentrations on the histological subtype of the meningioma could have implications for tumor therapy.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Immunoreactive estrogen receptor protein in meningiomas: comparison with the androgen receptor and progesterone receptor binding activity.

Analyses of gonadal steroid hormone receptor were performed using a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay for human estrogen receptor protein (estrophilin) for the first time and a conventional radioligand binding technique for progesterone and androgen receptors in 70 meningiomas. Low levels of estrogen receptor immunoreactivity (3.7 +/- 0.5 fmol/mg protein) were detected in 37 (53%) tumors, whereas moderate concentrations of androgen receptor binding activity (31.7 +/- 5.3 fmol/mg protein) and high concentrations of progesterone receptor binding activity (189 +/- 29.2 fmol/g protein) were demonstrated in 33 (47%) and 53 (76%) tumors, respectively. The estrophilin immunoreactivity was positively correlated with the androgen receptor binding activity (r = 0.634; p less than 0.001) but no relationship with the progesterone receptor binding activity was found. The presence of gonadal steroid receptors in a large proportion of meningiomas could have implications for diagnosis and tumor therapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Breast and axillary tissue MR imaging: correlation of signal intensities and relaxation times with pathologic findings.

We tested a variety of inversion-recovery (IR) and spin-echo (SE) sequences by imaging the breast masses of 22 patients before surgery and 23 tissue specimens with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.6 T to determine the most effective pulse sequences to evaluate breast disease. An SE pulse sequence using a long repetition time (TR) of 1,600 msec and a long echo time (TE) of 90 msec was found to be the most sensitive in depicting carcinoma in the excised tissue specimens, with all of the carcinomas (n = 15) demonstrating irregular areas of higher signal intensity (SI) than that of the adjacent fat. However, only five of 11 breast carcinomas present in the preoperative patients produced a higher SI than that produced by fat on the same T2-weighted sequence. Five of the remaining six carcinomas in the preoperative patients appeared as localized distortions of fibroductular architecture on both T2-weighted SE and IR sequences. In axillary tissue specimens, both metastatic carcinoma and hyperplastic lymph nodes produced a high SI on T2-weighted SE sequences. However, metastatic carcinoma had a significantly longer T2 relaxation time than did hyperplastic lymph nodes.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1986

Antiemetics in children receiving cancer chemotherapy: a double-blind prospective randomized study comparing metoclopramide with chlorpromazine.

This is the first prospective randomized study comparing commonly used antiemetics in children receiving cancer chemotherapy. We compared metoclopramide (MCP) with chlorpromazine (CLP), both administered in conventional doses, in 50 cancer patients aged 6 to 18 years who were receiving emetic chemotherapy. CLP proved significantly better than MCP in reducing both the frequency of vomiting (P less than .05) and the duration of nausea and vomiting (P less than .025). Extrapyramidal reactions (EPRs) were more common in MCP-treated patients. We conclude that, in the standard doses used, CLP is a better overall antiemetic than MCP for children receiving intensive chemotherapy. However, further prospective pediatric studies of antiemetic combinations are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Histochemical determination of carbohydrates in the prostate of male and female Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis.

The ventral lobes of the prostate in the female and male Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis were studied using light microscopic techniques for the demonstration and localization of carbohydrates. A weakly PAS-positive material appeared in the secretory product and secretory granules in epithelial cells of both female and male ventral lobes. This reaction is unaffected by diastase and is completely blocked by acetylation. Alcian blue, toluidine blue and methylene blue stains demonstrate metachromatic changes only after sulphation. All reactions indicate the presence of neutral mucosubstances in the secretory product and secretory granules of epithelial cells of the ventral lobes in either sex.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Marijuana use does not spuriously elevate serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels.

Marijuana use has been reported to spuriously elevate immunoreactive human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the serum of patients with testicular germ cell tumors. To reinvestigate this finding, we measured serum HCG and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) levels in 16 men known or suspected to be marijuana users. Eight of the serum samples had measurable levels of delta 9-THC, while eight did not. None contained immunoreactive HCG. The addition of delta 9-THC directly to pooled male serum had no effect on the HCG radioimmunoassay. These results indicate that marijuana does not artificially elevate serum HCG concentrations.

Cannabis↗
PubMed1985

Intraocular injection of lidocaine.

Lidocaine was inadvertently injected intraocularly in three patients. In the one patient who had not received prior mydriatics, the drug caused immediate dilation and paralysis of the pupil and diminished visual acuity to counting fingers. Retinal function began to improve after four hours and both retinal and pupillary function recovered completely by 16 hours. A second patient also recovered completely. The third patient developed a permanent field defect. The effects of intraocular lidocaine were then studied in an animal model. Lidocaine temporarily paralyzed the pupil in mydriasis and temporarily extinguished the b-wave of the electroretinogram. Light and electron microscopy study of the retina revealed no damage beyond that at the perforation site.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Ferjol's asthenia syndrome. Apropos of a case].

The authors report a case of Ferjol's asthenia (hypochromic anaemia due to deliberately induced bleeding) occurring in the post-partum period in a young primiparous woman. After describing their hesitations about the diagnosis, they briefly review this curious syndrome.

Adult↗