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Biomedical subjects

S Greene

Publications and source records attributed to S Greene.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The use of a single non-timed urine collection in the calculation of fractional lithium clearance.

The fractional clearance of lithium (CLLi/CLCR) calculated in 15 normal healthy adults from a single morning urine aliquot collection, together with a single venous blood sample (FQ) was compared with the average CLLi/CLCR obtained from three timed consecutive urine collections with mid-point blood sampling (FABC). Lithium had been ingested 15-18 h prior to the collection of these samples. Mean CLLi/CLCR was similar (FQ, 0.186, FABC, 0.177), with a highly significant correlation in each individual of CLLi/CLCR measured by either method (r = 0.97, P less than 0.0001). Proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium using lithium clearance may be calculated from a single urine and blood sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ciprofloxacin (intravenous/oral) versus ceftazidime in lower respiratory tract infections.

The efficacy and safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin was compared with intravenous ceftazidime in 80 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection. There were 40 patients in each treatment group. Patients and physicians were blinded to the randomized scheme for treatment groups until patient consent was obtained. The 37 evaluable ciprofloxacin-treated patients received 200 mg every 12 hours intravenously as initial therapy and 29 completed their course receiving oral ciprofloxacin. The 34 evaluable ceftazidime-treated patients received 1 to 2 g intravenously every eight to 12 hours. The two groups did not differ with respect to patient age, infection severity, and admitting diagnosis. Clinical outcomes were similar with greater than 95 percent of treatments in each group being successful. Headache was the most commonly reported complaint (four patients) in the ciprofloxacin group. Three patients experienced substantial increases in serum theophylline concentrations while receiving ciprofloxacin. The predominant pathogens isolated were Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and susceptibility rates for all organisms were similar for both drugs. The mean peak serum concentration at steady state while receiving intravenous ciprofloxacin was 2.3 micrograms/ml, and the mean trough concentration was 0.5 micrograms/ml. Patients randomly assigned to ciprofloxacin therapy received 2.6 fewer days of intravenous antibiotic therapy than those receiving ceftazidime. This 80-patient comparative trial demonstrates that ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime are similar in efficacy and safety when treating gram-negative lower respiratory tract infections. There appears to be potential for cost-reducing benefits through decreased length of intravenous therapy and earlier hospital discharge.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of two tests to recognize or exclude 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in prepubertal children.

Plasma testosterone (T, nmol/l) and dihydrotestosterone (DTH, nmol/l) were measured in 54 children and young adults with male pseudohermaphroditism (46XY, no defect of steroid biosynthesis) 4 h after im injection of testosterone propionate (25 mg/m2, group 1, N = 18), or before and 2, 4 and 6 days after hCG (5000 IU/m2 im, group 2, N = 36). The response to hCG was also studied in 5 control children (unilateral cryptorchidism, group 3) and that to testosterone propionate in a gonadectomized child with confirmed 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. Mean T (133.1 +/- 14.0, SEM) and DHT (17.1 +/- 2.6) in group 1 were higher than in group 2 (17.3 +/- 2.1 and 2.9 +/- 0.4), but there was not significant difference in the T/DHT ratios (group 1: 10.7 +/- 2.0; group 2: 7.2 +/- 0.6). Following testosterone-propionate, there was a negative correlation of T with age (r = -0.723). After hCG, T and DHT were lower in the prepubertal children than in those under 2 or over 10 years, and the T/DHT-ratio rose with age. Two children from group 1 had a T/DHT-ratio above 18, but urinary aetiocholanolone/androsterone (Ae/A) ratios were normal. In the child with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, the T/DHT ratio was 60, and the urinary Ae/A ratio high. We concluded that the two tests are suitable for confirming or excluding 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in prepubertal children, in whom basal DHT is too low for evaluation, but that physiological age-related changes in 5 alpha-reductase activity have to be taken into consideration.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1982

Subject-own-control design in evaluating clinical antidepressant effects.

This study tested the use of a subject-own-control, multiple crossover design for evaluating the clinical effects of an established tricyclic antidepressant drug, imipramine. Although significant physiological and cognitive performance effects were demonstrated, only one clinical measure, target symptom change rated by the patients, showed a statistically significant drug-placebo difference. This result is in considerable contrast to the sensitivity of similar designs in detecting the clinical effects of antianxiety drugs in studies employing less than 20 patients. Crossover designs appear to be most successful when the treated condition is continuous, rather than episodic, and the treatment effects have a rapid onset and offset.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of interactions among algae on nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in flooded soils.

Nitrogen fixation (C(2)H(2) reduction) by algae in flooded soil was limited by interactions within the algal community. Nitrogen fixation by either indigenous algae or Tolypothrix tenuis was reduced severalfold by a dense suspension of the green alga Nephrocytium sp. Similarly, interactions between the nitrogen-fixing alga (cyanobacterium) Aulosira 68 and natural densities of indigenous algae limited nitrogen-fixing activity in one of two soils examined. This was demonstrated by developing a variant of Aulosira 68 that was resistant to the herbicide simetryne at concentrations that prevented development of indigenous algae. More nitrogen was fixed by the resistant variant in flooded soil containing herbicide than was fixed in herbicide-free soil by either the indigenous algae or indigenous algae plus the parent strain of Aulosira. Interference from indigenous algae may hamper the development of nitrogen-fixing algae introduced into rice fields in attempts to increase biological nitrogen fixation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Resisting the pressure to become a surrogate: a case study.

Masters and Johnson's discussion of their surrogate program and informal interviews with surrogates reveal that the surrogate role is stressful. The surrogate hopes to bypass explosive relationship issues in order to lower the patient's level of tension. Such bypassing is difficult, sometimes impossible, and of limited therapeutic value. An alternative tactic has been developed for Individual Sex Therapy and is exemplified by a case study. The case described involves an involuntary ejaculator who tried to sidestep the pressure that he felt from relationships in general. This case exemplifies the pressure in the Individual Sex Therapy situation, how the surrogate approach attempts unsuccessfully to bypass this pressure, and the processes by which the pressure can be countered.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Ward environment in an inpatient drug dependence treatment unit: II. Attempts to improve ward environment.

Ward activity and atmosphere in a Drug Dependence Treatment Unit were found to be poor in a previous study. The results of two attempts to improve ward environment are reported. The arrival of an occupational therapist had a very slight and restricted effect on the level of patients' constructive activity, and produced only one significant change on the Ward Atmosphere Scale; patients perceived an increase in Practicality. There was, however, a consistent improvement in patients' Vigor and Friendliness mood scores following the arrival of the occupational therapist. A pilot project using cigarettes as reinforces for patient constructive activity produced little sustained effect. Possible reasons for the difficulties in managing drug-dependent patients are discussed, and suggestions made for improvement.

Affect↗