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Biomedical subjects

S Green

Publications and source records attributed to S Green.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Behavior of the NO-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid of N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine as a substrate for beta-glucuronidase.

1. Biosynthetic sodium (N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine NO-beta-d-glucosid)-uronate is hydrolysed completely by purified mouse urinary beta-glucuronidase into the products N-acetyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine and glucuronic acid. The hydrolysis is inhibited by saccharo-(1-->4)-lactone. These results not only confirm the identity and purity of the substrate but also establish it as a substrate for beta-glucuronidase. 2. Mammalian and bacterial beta-glucuronidase preparations hydrolysed the substrate at a rate one-fifth of that for (phenolphthalein beta-d-glucosid)uronic acid under the optimum conditions of hydrolysis for each source. 3. The pH optimum is 4.1 and the Michaelis constant, K(m), is 3.3x10(-4)m with purified mouse urinary beta-glucuronidase as the enzyme source acting on the NO-beta-d-glucosiduronic acid. The aglycone after extraction into chloroform was quantitatively determined spectrophotometrically at its absorption maximum (256mmu). 4. The hydrolysis was studied as a function of time and temperature. 5. From a consideration of the chemical and enzymic properties of this NO-beta-d-glucosiduronic acid it is possible to suggest its catabolism in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Auditory sensitivity of the monkey.

Auditory thresholds for pure tones were determined in monkeys (three Macaca irus and one Macaca nemestrina) by the psychophysical method of constant stimuli after the animals had been trained by operant conditioning procedures. Their audible frequency range was found to extend from below 60 hertz to 40 or 45 kilohertz.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Data Monitoring Committees and early stopping guidelines: the Southwest Oncology Group experience.

Data Monitoring Committees in the Southwest Oncology Group comprise the study leadership and the leadership of the Group, augmented by some outside representation. The early stopping guidelines used by these committees are explicit in each protocol, and can be characterized as specifying a few interim analyses at conservative statistical levels. We describe our ten years of experience with this system, and give examples of different trials which have stopped either for positive or negative results.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social role negotiation skills for substance-abusing adolescents: a group model.

A group model for therapeutic early intervention (secondary prevention) with nonaddicted adolescent substance abusers is proposed, based on a Social Role Negotiation model of substance abuse integrating concepts form role theory and cognitive developmental theory. The description of the group model, a structured short-term approach, includes a variety of exercises which promote developmental improvement in the essential skills of role-taking, role-making, and definition of the situation. An individualized intervention strategy is proposed for each group member, based on a theory-based taxonomy of substance-related problems. Strategies for using family involvement to support an adolescent group are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence and correlates of skin damage on the hands of nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and correlates of skin damage on nurses' hands. DESIGN: Prevalence survey using self-report questionnaire of hand care regimens, problems, and skin condition, and visual examination of the hands at 30X magnification by trained investigators to evaluate degree of skin scaling. SETTING: Four hospitals: two in the Mid-Atlantic and two in the northern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 410 nurses working 30 hours or more per week in acute care units. OUTCOME MEASURES: Damage to skin of the hands. RESULTS: Approximately one fourth of subjects (n = 106) met the criteria for currently damaged hands; 85.6% (n = 351) reported ever having skin problems. Damage was not correlated with age (p = 0.43), sex (p = 0.14), or skin type (p = 0.25), type of soap used at home (p = 0.58), reported duration of handwashing (p = 0.12), or glove brand (p = 0.90), but was significantly correlated with the type of soap used at work (p = 0.01), number of hand washes per shift (p = 0.0003), number of times gloves were worn (p = 0.008), and study site (p = 0.009). Variables significantly predictive of skin damage in a logistic regression analysis were type of soap used at work and number of times gloves were worn (p = 0.04). Geographic location was not a factor, because both the highest and lowest prevalence of skin damage occurred in the northern study institutions. CONCLUSIONS: Damage to skin of the hands is a common and potentially serious problem among nurses, and is associated with gloving and handwashing practices rather than with geographic or demographic factors. Efforts to improve skin condition must focus on improving products and identifying any interactive effects between hand care products and glove materials and brands.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Longitudinal measurements of the cadmium burden of 'jig solderers' using IVNAA.

The liver and kidney cadmium burdens of a population of 10 'jig solderers' were measured in 1983 and 1995 using similar IVNAA measuring systems. Cadmium exposure ceased in 1985. No significant variation in kidney content was observed. The mean body burden had fallen by 18%, due to a decrease of mean liver content of 35%.

Cadmium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A.

We have cloned and sequenced the complete complementary DNA of the oestrogen receptor (ER) present in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The expression of the ER cDNA in HeLa cells produces a protein that has the same relative molecular mass and binds oestradiol with the same affinity as the MCF-7 ER. There is extensive homology between the ER and the erb-A protein of the oncogenic avian erythroblastosis virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oestradiol induction of a glucocorticoid-responsive gene by a chimaeric receptor.

Steroid hormone receptors are a class of cell-specific trans-acting transcription regulatory factors whose activity is controlled by specific binding of the hormone. The hormone-receptor complex appears to associate with promoter/enhancer elements of specific target genes, resulting in activation of transcription (see refs 1 and 2 for reviews). Sequence comparison between the oestrogen, glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors (refs 7, 8 and unpublished results) and site-directed mutation analysis, has identified in each at least two functional domains important for steroid receptor function. Region E (Fig. 1a), is the hormone-binding domain; region C is a 66-amino-acid region (Figs 1a,b) that is more highly conserved than the hormone-binding domain and has the potential to form at least two zinc-stabilized 'DNA-binding fingers' analogous to those proposed for the Xenopus transcription factor TFIIIA. We and others have suggested that this region may be the receptor's DNA-binding domain. We show here that point mutations replacing two cysteines by two histidines in the first potential DNA-binding finger of the human oestrogen receptor (hER) prevent it from activating gene transcription. We further show that a chimaeric receptor formed by replacing this 66-amino-acid region of the hER with that of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) activates expression of a glucocorticoid-inducible gene, but not of an oestrogen-inducible gene, in the presence of oestradiol. Thus, region C determines the receptor's specificity for target genes.

Animals↗